Pope Leo's Church, Risk on the Road, What Happened to the Great White Sharks?

Summary

60 Minutes Podcast Summary

Episode Title: Pope Leo's Church, Risk on the Road, What Happened to the Great White Sharks?
Date: April 13, 2026
Host: CBS News (Various correspondents)

Episode Overview

This episode of 60 Minutes covers three major stories:

1. The growing influence and activism of Pope Leo XIV, the first American Pope, particularly around issues of war, immigration, and social justice.
2. An in-depth investigation into "chameleon carriers" in the trucking industry—a scheme involving dangerous, recurring violations that may be putting everyone on the road at risk.
3. The mysterious disappearance of great white sharks from South African coastal waters, a story blending true crime intrigue with science and environmental concern.

Additionally, a brief segment at the end features Google CEO Sundar Pichai reflecting on America's tradition of innovation, emphasizing the promise and challenges of artificial intelligence.

---

1. Pope Leo’s Church: The American Pope Speaks Out

Segment Begins: [04:59]

Main Theme

A look at Pope Leo XIV—a Chicago-born, soft-spoken but increasingly vocal leader—who is positioning the Catholic Church as a global voice on war, immigration, and social justice, sometimes in direct opposition to U.S. governmental policies.

Key Discussion Points and Insights

• Pope Leo’s Roots and Rise:
  • Leo XIV was born Robert Prevost in Chicago.
  • His election as the first U.S.-born Pope surprised and delighted American Catholics ([05:55]).
• Political Outspokenness:
  • Pope Leo has become an outspoken critic of American policies, especially concerning the war in Iran and immigration crackdowns ([05:52], [07:34]).
  • His January speech criticizing U.S. military action in Venezuela led to a tense meeting between the Vatican and the Pentagon ([07:36]).
• Direct Appeals for Peace:
  • During a rare interview, Pope Leo urged a ceasefire and called on people to pressure leaders to end war ([08:18], [08:58]).
  • Quote: “Contact the authorities, political leaders, congressmen, to ask them, tell them to work for peace and to reject war.” – Pope Leo XIV ([08:58])
• Church Leaders Weigh In:
  • Cardinals Joseph Tobin (Newark), Robert McElroy (Washington D.C.), and Blaise Cupich (Chicago) discuss Pope Leo’s impact, describing an awareness of "anxieties of people" and moral leadership ([06:57], [07:15]).
  • Cardinal McElroy explicitly denies the current war is "just" by Catholic standards ([09:43]).
    • Quote: “This is a war of choice … We’re seeing before us the possibility of war after war after war.” – Cardinal Robert McElroy ([10:13])
• Condemnation of U.S. Rhetoric:
  • Pope Leo denounced President Trump's threat to destroy Iranian civilization as “truly unacceptable” ([08:38]).
• Critique of the “Gamification” of War:
  • Cardinal Cupich and others criticize the White House’s portrayal of war and violence on social media for entertainment.
    • Quote: “We’re dehumanizing the victims of war … for the purposes of entertainment. It is sickening.” – Cardinal Cupich ([11:11])
• Immigration and Pastoral Concerns:
  • Cardinals describe rising fear among immigrant communities due to ICE raids, with significant drops in church attendance at Spanish-language masses ([12:32]).
  • While supporting “strong borders,” they condemn indiscriminate deportations and resulting family separations ([13:10]).
• Church as Sanctuary and Advocate:
  • Profile of Castel Gandolfo, the Pope’s summer home, now a job training center for migrants—modeling church-based social justice in action ([15:03]).
    • Quote: “If every church did something like this … that’s a lot of people we could train in a year.” – Father Manny Durantes ([15:40])
• Growing Church Engagement:
  • New statistics show a surge in U.S. conversions to Catholicism, attributed to Pope Leo's leadership ([17:21]).
    • Quote: “I believe that Pope Leo is the right man at this time.” – Cardinal Tobin ([17:43])

Memorable Moments & Quotes

• Pope Leo’s direct and public call for global peace over war ([08:58])
• Card. McElroy’s clear, critical stance on the war in Iran ([10:13])
• Lively banter about Chicago’s pride in producing a pope ([06:29])
• Emotional testimonies from migrants and the clergy caring for them

Additional Relevant Timestamps

• First words as Pope: [05:52]
• Pope’s hopes for the Middle East: [08:18]
• Immigrant experiences and church attendance declines: [12:32]

---

2. Risk on the Road: Chameleon Carriers and Dangerous Trucking

Segment Begins: [19:13]

Main Theme

A months-long investigation reveals how “chameleon carriers”—trucking companies that repeatedly change names and identities—skirt safety regulations, creating grave dangers on American highways.

Key Discussion Points and Insights

• The Chameleon Carrier Problem:
  • Companies rack up safety violations, dissolve, then reincarnate under new names and DOT numbers ([22:01]).
    • Quote: “You just adopt a new identity and you move on to a new carrier.” – Rob Carpenter ([21:23])
• Scale and Risks:
  • Estimated 10–20% of 700,000 U.S. trucking companies engage in some variant of this scheme ([22:45]).
  • Chameleon carriers are four times likelier to be involved in a crash ([23:13]).
  • Over 5,300 truck-related deaths occurred in 2024 ([23:30]).
• Notorious Example—Superego Holding:
  • Based in Serbia and the U.S., under federal investigation, linked to 15,000 safety violations and 500 accidents in two years ([24:33]).
  • Tied to major customers like Amazon, Walmart, and USPS.
• Driver Exploitation:
  • Daniel Sanchez, a former driver, describes being pressured to drive illegally long hours, forced to change DOT numbers with duct tape, and left with “negative” paychecks due to excessive fees ([26:26], [28:02]).
    • Quote: “They’d have me go out and do anything to get the money, no matter what the risk.” – Daniel Sanchez ([26:40])
  • Stealthy methods of falsifying time logs ([29:35]).
• Insider Confirmation:
  • Whistleblower describes the company’s focus: “They don’t have emotions. The job, it’s just a job. You squeeze as much money out … as you can.” ([31:27])
  • Dispatchers rewarded for cutting driver pay—some weeks netting millions from drivers ([32:05]).
• Regulatory Challenges:
  • FMCSA (Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration) cited as understaffed and using outdated systems ([24:33], [25:01]).
  • FMCSA director admits, “We have a front door problem” ([25:22]).
  • Only 350 investigators for 700,000 companies.
• Legal Action:
  • 800+ drivers are suing Superego and affiliates for fraud and breach of contract ([32:36]).

Memorable Moments & Quotes

• Visceral details of DOT numbers being swapped via duct tape ([29:20])
• Soundbite: “How is that possible?” – Bill Whitaker, pressing regulators ([25:11])
• Driver Daniel Sanchez’s bitterness and disappointment at losing his dream to own a truck ([32:26])

Additional Relevant Timestamps

• “Flawless victory” video/audio: [10:56]
• FMCSA Administrator’s testimony: [24:33]-[25:46]
• Dispatchers’ bonuses and exploitation: [32:05]

---

3. What Happened to the Great White Sharks?

Segment Begins: [34:02]

Main Theme

An ecological mystery: The once-dense great white shark population off Cape Town vanishes. The investigation pits scientists against each other over the culprit—killer whales (orcas) or human activity?

Key Discussion Points and Insights

• Disappearance of Great Whites:
  • Once legendary for shark sightings, now sightings have plummeted ([35:36]).
  • Quote: “Tragically, we have all but lost the great white shark.” – Chris Fallows ([36:38])
• CSI-Style Investigation:
  • Carcasses turning up with livers removed; surgical precision initially pointed to humans, but tooth marks indicated otherwise ([37:04]).
  • Orcas, specifically two named "Port and Starboard," identified as suspects ([37:29]).
  • Orcas target the liver—a caloric treasure—using learned, coordinated techniques ([38:10], [40:32]).
  • Other orcas begin mimicking these hunting behaviors ([40:17]).
• “Landscape of Fear” Theory:
  • Marine biologist Alison Koch posits that the mere presence of orcas creates fear impacting the shark population’s movement ([41:20]).
• Disagreement Among Experts:
  • Others, including biologist Enrico Gennari and naturalist Chris Fallows, insist longline fishing and shark nets are bigger factors ([42:07]-[43:36]).
    • Quote: “Shark longlining is undoubtedly robbing the great white sharks of food. … If you remove the prey, you have a significant impact on the predator.” – Chris Fallows ([43:22])
  • Shark nets, meant to protect swimmers, also kill great whites and many other species ([43:56]).
    • Quote: “The problem [is] in South Africa we only using lethal method and that is outdated and unsustainable.” – Enrico Gennari ([44:28])
• Conservation Lessons:
  • Comparison to whales: Once nearly extinct, humpbacks rebounded due to robust international protections ([46:09]).
  • Need for humans to focus on what can be controlled: fishing, nets, and sustainable practices rather than only natural predation ([44:53], [46:48]).

Memorable Moments & Quotes

• Orcas named Port and Starboard become “world famous—or infamous” for their unique hunting methods ([39:24]).
• “If we lose the white shark in South Africa, we lose a battle for all nature.” – Enrico Gennari ([45:19])
• “A healthy ocean is a healthy environment for us.” – Chris Fallows ([46:48])

Additional Relevant Timestamps

• Shark population crash and orca hunting observed: [37:29]-[40:39]
• Contesting theories: [41:03]-[44:28]
• Conservation comparison to whales: [46:09]-[46:48]

---

4. The “Last Minute”: Sundar Pichai on America’s AI Revolution

Segment Begins: [47:26]

Theme and Notable Statements

• Google CEO Sundar Pichai reflects on the role of American innovation, identifying artificial intelligence as “the most profound technology yet” and urging the country to lead responsibly and inclusively.
  • Quote: “Not because I believe in technology, but because I believe in people and the sheer power of American ingenuity.” – Sundar Pichai ([48:50])
• Cites applications: medical cures, custom education, and emergency response.

---

Noteworthy Quotes (with Timestamps)

• Pope Leo XIV:
  • “Contact the authorities, political leaders, congressmen, to ask them … to work for peace and to reject war.” ([08:58])
• Cardinal Robert McElroy:
  • “This is a war of choice … We’re seeing before us the possibility of war after war after war.” ([10:13])
• Cardinal Cupich:
  • “We’re dehumanizing the victims of war … for the purposes of entertainment. It is sickening.” ([11:11])
• Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver):
  • “They’d have me go out and do anything to get the money, no matter what the risk.” ([26:40])
• Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Expert):
  • “You just adopt a new identity and you move on to a new carrier.” ([21:23])
• Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist):
  • “If we lose the white shark in South Africa, we lose a battle for all nature.” ([45:19])
• Sundar Pichai (Google):
  • “Not because I believe in technology, but because I believe in people and the sheer power of American ingenuity.” ([48:50])

---

Conclusion

This episode of 60 Minutes highlights the growing intersection of morality, technology, and human impact—across faith, infrastructure, and ecology—offering both exposés of problems and glimmers of hope through courageous leadership and possible paths for reform.

---

For further details and visuals, visit CBS 60 Minutes

Transcript

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[Lesley Stahl]

There he is. Pope Leo XIV is known as deliberate and soft spoken. But the American Pope has become increasingly outspoken.

[Pope Leo XIV]

War is back in vogue against certain

[Lesley Stahl]

policies of the American President. How far will Pope Leo go? We were surprised by the candor of church leaders who know him.

[Interviewer]

What do you say to people in the pews who say, I don't want to hear politics from my priest?

[Bill Whitaker]

Thousands of trucking companies are racking up thousands of safety violations for poor maintenance and excessive driving hours, all while evading federal enforcement.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

They'd have me go out and do anything to get the money, no matter what the risk.

[Bill Whitaker]

Tonight, the results of our eight month investigation into a scheme that may be putting all of us at risk on the road.

[Scott Pelley]

The ocean off Cape Town, South Africa used to be teeming with great white sharks. Each morning with a little luck, you could catch sight of them flying out of the water. But then they began to disappear. Tonight, a story that has all the hallmarks of a true crime series with plenty of twists and a surprise suspect. I mean, it is like something out of csi. It's like you're the detective.

[Lesley Stahl]

I'm Leslie Stahl.

[Scott Pelley]

I'm Scott Pelley.

[Bill Whitaker]

I'm Bill Whitaker.

[Lesley Stahl]

I'm Sharon Alfonsi.

[John Wertheim]

I'm John Wertheim.

[Lesley Stahl]

I'm Cecilia Vega. I'm Nora o'. Donnell.

[Scott Pelley]

I'm Anderson Cooper. Those stories and in our last minute, the CEO of Google helps us search for answers about a new American revolution. Tonight on 60 Minutes.

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[Lesley Stahl]

When President Donald Trump announced a ceasefire with Iran this past week, it came after a chorus of world leaders called for an end to the war. One of those voices belonged to Leo xiv, the first ever US Born Pope in the history of the Catholic Church. The 70 year old Pope was born Robert Prevost and grew up in Chicago. For many years he was known simply as Father Bob. Leo is measured, deliberate and soft spoken. But the American Pope has become increasingly outspoken against certain policies of the American President. So we asked three influential American cardinals who know him well why Pope Leo's church has emerged as a voice of moral opposition to the war in Iran. And the crackdown on immigration.

[Pope Leo XIV]

La pace sia contuti voi.

[Lesley Stahl]

Peace be with you. Those were the first words that Pope Leo uttered as the new leader of 1.4 billion Catholics worldwide. His selection was a surprise celebrated by many of the 53 million that make Catholicism the largest Christian denomination in the United States.

[Interviewer]

What do you think having an American pope has done for the Catholic Church here in the us?

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

I think it's put Chicago on the map.

[John Wertheim]

Finally. We're proud. We're proud that we produced a pope. Chicago can say that.

[Lesley Stahl]

The Archbishop of Chicago, Cardinal Blaise Cupich, as well as Cardinals Robert McElroy of Washington, D.C. and Joseph Tobin of Newark, New Jersey, agreed to their first ever joint interview. Their candor surprised us about the new pope and what they're hearing in the pews.

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

We're the three American cardinals that are actively serving dioceses right now, so we listen to a lot of people. It's part of the job description. And I think we're aware of the anxieties of people about the threats to peace at all different levels.

[Interviewer]

Would you like to see this first American pope be more outspoken on issues that he disagrees with?

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

He's the pastor of the world. He's not abundant. So the distinction is he's not going to pronounce on everything, but he's going to pronounce on what's important.

[Pope Leo XIV]

War is back in vogue.

[Lesley Stahl]

He started in January with a speech criticizing US military action in Venezuela. After that, the Vatican's ambassador in the US was called to the Pentagon for a meeting, which two church Officials described to 60 Minutes as unpleasant and contentious. Both the Pentagon and the Vatican have said since, in multiple statements, that it was routine and provided an opportunity for an exchange of ideas.

[Interviewer]

There he is.

[Lesley Stahl]

In March, we traveled to Italy and managed to ask Pope Leo a question about the war in Iran.

[Interviewer]

Holy Father, can I ask you what

[Lesley Stahl]

your hopes are for the Middle East?

[Pope Leo XIV]

I am praying for peace. I hope that ceasefire would be the most effective way to work together to find peace, for all parties, to respect all parties, and to come to a solution which is too many years and, you know, creating problems for everyone.

[Bill Whitaker]

So thank you.

[Pope Leo XIV]

Work for peace.

[Lesley Stahl]

Since our visit, the Pope's tone has sharpened. This past week, he issued a rare condemnation of President Trump's threat to destroy Iranian civilization. The Pope called it, quote, truly unacceptable. He also took the unusual step of issuing a call to action.

[Pope Leo XIV]

Contact the authorities, political leaders, congressmen, to ask them, tell them to work for peace and to reject war.

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

Always.

[Lesley Stahl]

The Holy Father usually avoids calling out President Trump by name or any member of his administration. But in a Palm Sunday homily, he appeared to reference the the religious language Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth, who is Christian but not Catholic, often uses to frame the war.

[Scott Pelley]

Blessed be the Lord, my rock, who trains my hands for war and my fingers for battle.

[Lesley Stahl]

Pope Leo warned that Jesus does not listen to the prayers of those who wage war.

[Interviewer]

Is this a just war?

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

No. Under Catholic teaching, this is not a just war. Catholic faith teaches us there are certain prerequisites for a just war. You can't go for a variety of different aims. You have to have a focus aim, which is to restore justice and restore peace. That's it.

[Interviewer]

Iran has been the chief exporter of terror. Is there no scenario in which preventing that can be a just war?

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

It's an abominable regime and it should be removed. But this is a war of choice that we went to, and I think it's embedded in a wider moment in the United States that's worrying, which is this. We're seeing before us the possibility of war after war after war.

[Lesley Stahl]

President Trump has argued that military action against Iran was justified in order to destroy its nuclear and ballistic missile programs, among other reasons. Cardinal Cupich not only takes issue with the war, but also what he calls the gamification of how the White House has portrayed it on social media.

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

Flawless victory.

[John Wertheim]

We're dehumanizing the victims of war by turning the suffering of people and the killing of of children and our own soldiers into entertainment.

[Interviewer]

You called it sickening.

[John Wertheim]

It is sickening. To splice together movie cuts with actual bombing and targeting of people for the purposes of entertainment is sickening. This is not who we are. We're better than this.

[Lesley Stahl]

We spoke with the cardinals in the nation's capital. It was a wide ranging conversation in which they told us Pope Leo inspired them to weigh in on political issues, including the administration's mass deportation efforts this past January. Cardinal Tobin called Immigration and Customs Enforcement, or ice, a lawless organization.

[Interviewer]

Cardinal, those are strong words to call ICE a lawless organization. Why did you do that?

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

I didn't say that they were people without law. But when people act in this way, when they have to hide their identities to terrify people, when they can actually violate other guarantees of our Constitution and Bill of Rights. Well, I think somebody's got to call that out. And I'm not the only one.

[Interviewer]

Colonel McElroy, we are speaking in a church here in Washington, D.C. that serves a largely immigrant population. The pastor asked us not to share or publicize this parish, name or location. What's he worried about?

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

He's worried for his people. They live under fear. And thus our mass count within the Spanish masses in our archdiocese went down 30% from the year before. 30%. That's a lot. And it's all fear.

[Lesley Stahl]

Before he became Archbishop of Washington, Cardinal Robert McElroy served as the Bishop of San Diego, one of the busiest stretches of the southern border, for illegal crossings.

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

I feel it got to a point where it was getting out of control.

[Lesley Stahl]

Under Biden?

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

Under Biden, yes.

[Interviewer]

You believe in strong borders?

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

Yes.

[Interviewer]

So what's wrong, then, with the current policy?

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

This is a roundup of people throughout the country, people who have been living good, strong lives, been here a long time, raised their children here, many of their children born here. And our citizens. That's what our objection is.

[Interviewer]

But this was discussed during the campaign, was widely discussed. And yet President Trump won the Catholic vote over Kamala Harris, handily, 55 to 43%. He promised to secure the border. He talked about deportation, and a majority of Catholics voted for the policy.

[John Wertheim]

I would like to know what Catholics feel about this indiscriminate mass deportation. I think that it's very clear the American people are saying, we really didn't vote for this.

[Interviewer]

What do you say to people in the pews who say, I don't want to hear politics from my priest?

[John Wertheim]

I say, fine. I want to preach the gospel. God wants us to promote peace in the world because his desire is that we be one human family.

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

What we're seeing as pastors is an enormous, profound level of human suffering, and that's what motivates us.

[Lesley Stahl]

We found a sign of what motivates Leo and how his church will care for migrants and the less fortunate. In a sacred space 15 miles southeast of Rome, nearly 2,000 years ago, Castel Gandolfo was the villa of a Roman emperor. For the last 400 years, it has been the Pope's summer home. Leo's predecessor, Pope Francis, enlisted Father Manny Durantes, a priest from Chicago and an immigrant to the US himself, to help open it up to the world.

[Father Manny Durantes]

I think Pope Leo wants to make the dream of Pope Francis a reality. After we explained the whole vision and talked with him, he said to us, full force ahead, Father Manny. This is the spiritual heart of Borgo Valdeto.

[Dispatcher]

Si.

[Father Manny Durantes]

And this entire space.

[Lesley Stahl]

That vision is an innovative new project centered around migrants and locals in need. Participating in the Vatican's first job training center, they're teaching sustainable farming, gardening, and cooking at the same Estate where Pope Leo comes to rest. And every week.

[Interviewer]

How many migrants are you talking about? That may be part of this job

[Father Manny Durantes]

training program between migrants and people in vulnerability. Our goal is to be able to at least train about 1,000 people, you know, per year. That doesn't sound like a big number, but ultimately it's a model of how if every church did something like this, every diocese, we have 6,000 of them. You know, that's a lot of people we could train in a year.

[Bill Whitaker]

My name is Ali and Yamin, my from Bangladesh.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

My name is Nermeen from Syria.

[Lesley Stahl]

We met the first graduating class of chefs in training that included refugees and migrants from around the world. One was a young man from West Africa who survived the dangerous journey by sea to the Italian island of Lampedusa in the Mediterranean, where tens of thousands of migrants have drowned.

[Interviewer]

Pope Leo will spend July 4th in Lampedusa, Italy, a site where tens of thousands of migrants land on their way to Europe every year. It's America's 250th birthday. Do you think the Holy Father is sending a message, Cardinal, with that visit?

[John Wertheim]

He's sending a message that his top priority right now is to be with those who are downcast and marginalized.

[Interviewer]

Coincidence that he's going there on July 4th.

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

I know at least one member of my archdiocese that would be happy, and she's green and she's on a little island just that belongs to New Jersey and is technically part of the Archdiocese of Newark. And she's holding up a torch and she's reading from a scroll and it says, welcome.

[Lesley Stahl]

So far in 2026, the Catholic Church in the US has welcomed the largest number of converts in recent years In Cardinal Tobin's archdiocese, there's an all time high of new people joining the church.

[Interviewer]

Cardinal Tobin, do you think that surge in interest and attendance has something to do with Pope Leo?

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

Yes, I do. I've had the privilege of working closely with four popes. Very different people in a lot of ways, but each one in some way was the right one for that moment in time. I believe that Pope Leo is the right man at this time.

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[Bill Whitaker]

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[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

Chameleon carriers are basically a network of companies and they constantly reincarnate. And the idea is we are revenue focused. We are going to start this trucking company, we are going to run it into the ground, just make as much money as we possibly can.

[Bill Whitaker]

Rob Carpenter has been a trucker for 25 years. He now is a trucking safety consultant and has been tracking chameleon companies which have surged since the pandemic. Chameleon carriers, as their name suggests, are commercial trucking operations that skirt federal regulations and escape bad safety records by changing company names to evade detection.

[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

And when you move on to the next, you're really doing that to try, try to abandon the history that you've created with that other trucking company because you've run so poorly in the past year, right? So then you just adopt a new identity and you move on to a new carrier.

[Bill Whitaker]

Just dissolve that company, Just completely dissolve a new name on the truck and move on.

[Scott Pelley]

That's right.

[Bill Whitaker]

You can see how easy it is in this undercover video shot by another trucker. Same drivers, same trucks, same bad records. In this case, hundreds of violations erased with with the switch of a carrier name and department of transportation number the federal ID used to track a carrier's safety history.

[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

You've got no violations, you've got no crashes. Things that people are going to look at and scrutinize on whether they're going to let you haul their freight or not don't exist. You're just a clean carrier to them.

[Bill Whitaker]

Networks often owned and operated from eastern Europe, India and central Asia set up chameleon carriers in the US with different names and owners who then register with the department of transportation, secure minimal insurance,

[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

and within 21 days you have a trucking company.

[Bill Whitaker]

That's all it takes.

[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

That's all it takes. There's no requirement to own a trucking company that you be in American. You can start it from anywhere in the world. Thousand bucks, pay online, say you are who you say you are, and you've got a trucking company.

[Bill Whitaker]

Do you have any idea how many of them there there are?

[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

You got 700,000 trucking companies, let's just say the general estimate is 10 to 20% are operating somewhere in that spectrum of chameleon carrier. Thousands of trucking companies.

[Bill Whitaker]

That's mind blowing. Yeah. Thousands of trucking companies racking up thousands of safety violations, poor maintenance, excessive driving hours, drug and alcohol use, all while evading federal enforcement. How dangerous is this?

[Rob Carpenter (Trucking Safety Consultant)]

We're having crashes all the time. So you got 260 million other Americans on the highway sharing it with 700,000 trucking companies. You have a moral, ethical responsibility to share the road safely with those people. But when you've got 10 to 20% that are not doing that, that's an issue.

[Bill Whitaker]

An issue that contributed to the more than 5,300 truck related deaths in 2024, according to data gathered by Fusible, a risk assessment firm. Chameleon carriers are four times more likely to be involved in a crash like this. The culprit in this case, a tractor trailer tied to a network called Superego holding. Its driver was going 72 miles an hour when it plowed into this school bus, critically injuring two children. According to DOT data, chameleon carriers connected to SuperEgo have logged almost 15,000 safety violations and 500 accidents in the last two years. Today, there are only 350 investigators at the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, or FMCSA, overseeing all 700,000 trucking companies on our roads. Those numbers just seem out of whack.

[Derrick Burs (FMCSA Administrator)]

We are actively trying to find ways that we can do investigations more efficiently, more effectively.

[Bill Whitaker]

Derrick bars took over as administrator of FMCSA in October. This past year, regulators cracked down on foreign commercial truck drivers and fraudulent commercial driving schools and have vowed to take on chameleon carriers. Do you have the personnel and the resources you need?

[Derrick Burs (FMCSA Administrator)]

We have additional 40 investigators that we're trying to hire today. We have a new registration system that we will be rolling out this year. The system we have currently is like 40 years old.

[Bill Whitaker]

I mean, you've got these rogue companies. They rack up tons of safety violations. They're a federally regulated industry. How is that possible?

[Derrick Burs (FMCSA Administrator)]

We have a front door problem, meaning we need to stop this before they actually get into the system.

[Bill Whitaker]

Are you familiar with the chameleon carrier company, superego? Are they on your radar?

[Derrick Burs (FMCSA Administrator)]

They're a part of an ongoing investigation. We have prioritized companies who, through our data gathering, that are our top 10 companies that we need to be investigating.

[Bill Whitaker]

We reached out to superego Company lawyers told us it's a leasing company, not a trucking firm, and that it's not responsible for the actions of affiliated carriers and drivers. But according to our investigation and court documents, that's not the whole story. Under the superego umbrella that stretches from Serbia to the US Is a vast network of separate but coordinated companies that provide brokers who book deliveries, dispatchers, and leases for tractors and trailers. Subsidiaries operate the trucks and hire drivers like Daniel Sanchez under lease to own contracts.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

I see how much they don't care about you. They literally don't care about any driver on the road at all.

[Bill Whitaker]

Daniel Sanchez had been driving commercial rigs for eight years when he was recruited by Superego in 2025.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

They'd have me go out and do anything to get the money, no matter what the risk. They don't care if I got a violation or went to jail, whatever, for any reason, the next day, they'd have another driver in that truck and keep on going.

[Bill Whitaker]

Can't be safe for the driver. Can't be safe for us on the road.

[David Hurwitz (Whale Watching Tour Operator)]

Anybody?

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

Anybody?

[Bill Whitaker]

Superego branded trucks started hauling freight across America seven years ago. It was founded by serbian entrepreneur Aleksandr mimic and has grown into a sprawling enterprise tied to more than two dozen u S based carriers with hubs in Elmhurst, Illinois and Jacksonville, Florida, and customers as large as Amazon, Walmart, Costco, and the United States Postal Service. Superego holding uses flashy recruitment campaigns.

[Rosetta Stone Announcer]

Get the best deal with Super Ego

[Bill Whitaker]

holding to lure drivers, including Daniel Sanchez.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

They promise you the world. They'd say you can make 8 to 10, $12,000 a week.

[Bill Whitaker]

So did Superego live up to any of those promises?

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

Not at all.

[Bill Whitaker]

60 Minutes spoke with seven drivers who told us Serbia based managers routinely skimmed hundreds to thousands of dollars off their pay in excessive fees for their lease, insurance and repairs. The class action lawsuit calls it a scheme to defraud drivers.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

I was coming home with negative amounts on my check. Negative.

[Bill Whitaker]

Months.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

Negative. Yeah, it was in the red. I was going around 6 to 800 miles a day with that. And you'd come home with zero.

[Bill Whitaker]

Drivers also told us the company would shortchange them by altering delivery contracts or rate cons, which confirm how much a broker has agreed to pay to move freight. A percentage of that goes to the driver. Court documents show this rate con sheet on the left is the original. This fraudulent one on the right shows a cut of $700, resulting in reduced compensation for the trucker, a practice captured in this call between a dispatcher and another driver.

[Dispatcher]

Can you please send me the other document that the broker sent you? Yeah, I can send you, but why? He told me that he was sending out the rate con for 1500 bucks, and then five minutes later, you call me and tell me I'm getting 300 bucks. Do you see what it looks like from my point of view?

[Bill Whitaker]

And remember that shell game of erasing carrier names and dot numbers to hide violations? Sanchez says he was told to do that, too. How would you physically change the number and the name?

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

They'd email you or send you some kind of documentation with a picture of the new name and dot number. They'd have me print it out, buy some duct tape, come out, put on

[Bill Whitaker]

the truck with duct tape.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

Duct tape? Yeah.

[Bill Whitaker]

Change the name and the number.

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

Yeah.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

Because a new truck at that point,

[Bill Whitaker]

drivers also told us they were being pressured to drive more hours with less sleep after they'd already logged 11 hours behind the wheel. The legal limit managers back in Serbia would illegally reset federally mandated time clocks, as seen in this animation, to give drivers a fresh set of hours, as

[Dispatcher]

heard in this call delivering 2pm in 24 hours.

[David Hurwitz (Whale Watching Tour Operator)]

Yeah.

[Cardinal Robert McElroy]

Yeah.

[Bill Whitaker]

That's gonna be awful difficult. Yeah, I know, I know.

[Dispatcher]

But we can fix your clock by

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

the push of a button, I guess, somehow. Somewhere they have control of the app where they can just reset your time and just make it go away.

[Bill Whitaker]

You've driven 11 hours. You're required to have the downtime, and they change the device to make it seem as though you have not finished your 11 hours.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

Yeah, there's been a time where I drove. I was driving for 18 hours, and I told him, I said, I'm done. I'm going to sleep. And parking. The text message said, they don't care about that. They're not paying for you to do anything but use the restroom and drive.

[Bill Whitaker]

We met this whistleblower, a former employee of a Superego affiliated company based in Serbia in an undisclosed European city, and altered his appearance for his protection.

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

They are only asking about making money from the driver, and they don't take care about safety standards.

[Bill Whitaker]

He confirmed company dispatchers and managers were told to overwork and extort American drivers like Sanchez at every turn. They train you to do this?

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

Yeah, they explained me that it's normal, a normal thing to do.

[Bill Whitaker]

What have drivers been most upset about?

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

They don't have money to pay bills. They don't have money to eat. They don't have money to pay rent.

[Bill Whitaker]

The dispatchers, do they have any concern for the drivers? Any compassion?

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

They don't have emotions.

[Cardinal Joseph Tobin]

The job, it's just a job.

[Bill Whitaker]

You squeeze as much money out of this driver as you can.

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

Yeah, it's better to our owner make money than them.

[Bill Whitaker]

He told us taking money from drivers became a competition. Lists like this were posted inside his Belgrade office. The more they took, the bigger their bonuses. During this pay period, the top dispatcher cut nearly $24,000, or 32% from driver's pay. Any idea how much of the company's profit is earned that way?

[Whistleblower / Former Superego Employee]

Some week, 1 million. Some week, 2 million per week. Yes.

[Bill Whitaker]

This is a super ego truck right here. Due to a compliance dispute, Daniel Sanchez lost his job in January along with his truck and the $35,000 he'd put toward owning it.

[Daniel Sanchez (Truck Driver)]

For me personally, it's crushing because this is my dream. I wanted to own my own truck. I thought this company was gonna, you know, get me to where I'm trying to be. They just don't care. You're not a human being for them, you're just a number.

[Bill Whitaker]

Basically, for sure, that Superego holding denies any wrongdoing, but more than 800 truckers are suing it and affiliated companies for fraud and breach of contract. More of our CBS News investigation into chameleon carriers coming up on Sunday morning.

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[Scott Pelley]

The coastal waters around Cape Town, South Africa have long teamed with great white sharks. But about 10 years ago, carcasses of these feared predators began washing up on beaches with their livers missing. Now it's hard to find any great whites. Tonight, a story that has all the hallmarks of a whodunit. One that's fueled a bitter feud among scientists and conservationists who can't agree on who or what is the real culprit. They do agree on one the great white sharks that once cruised these waters are gone. For as long as anyone can remember, the ocean off Cape Town was the best place in the world to see great whites. There were plenty of smaller sharks for them to hunt and tens of thousands of seals which lived on a small stretch of rock nearby called Seal Island. Early each morning, with a little luck, you could catch sight of these majestic predators flying out of the water.

[Bill Whitaker]

That was unbelievable.

[Scott Pelley]

Until a little more than a decade ago, Chris Fallows, a photographer and naturalist, used to see 250 to 300 different great white sharks a year. The images he took back then are amongst the most breathtaking of the natural world.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

It's a sight you never forget and I still kind of get that tingly feeling to see the most spectacular shark on earth now flying out the water. It was truly incredible to see.

[Scott Pelley]

We saw that ourselves in 2010 when we reported on the great whites here and the tens of thousands of visitors who came each year for a close encounter in cages.

[Bill Whitaker]

That was really something.

[Scott Pelley]

We were taken diving without a cage in water that had been chummed with blood to attract sharks. Immediately, a 15 foot great white swam straight toward us.

[Bill Whitaker]

That's a big bug.

[Dispatcher]

It's amazing.

[Scott Pelley]

It's coming right toward us Sharks are curious creatures, and they circled us constantly. It was extraordinary to be so close to such a massive predator. That's incredible. It's unbelievable.

[Lesley Stahl]

Wow.

[Bill Whitaker]

In it and in way some. So happy I'm back up.

[Scott Pelley]

But just a few years after that dive, sightings of sharks here began to dwindle and the tourists stopped coming.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

If you went out and did that today, you would see nothing.

[Scott Pelley]

Why is that?

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

Because their numbers have simply plummeted. Tragically, we have all but lost the great white shark.

[Scott Pelley]

The disappearance of great whites from here mystified scientists. Allison Koch, a marine biologist, was South African national parks began searching for clues in 2015. Divers sent her these photos of smaller shark carcasses on the sea floor with mysterious incisions in them.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

It looked so surgical from the photographs that I first assumed it must have been done by somebody with a knife.

[Scott Pelley]

A fisherman or something.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

Yes. And it wasn't until the next time it happened that that I managed to retrieve some of the carcasses and study them. And I found tooth marks on the pectoral fins of some of the dead sharks.

[Scott Pelley]

Those tooth marks suggested the culprits couldn't be human. So Koch and her colleagues went diving for more evidence and encountered an unlikely suspect. Orcas, Killer whales.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

We just retrieved one of the carcasses, and my research partner says, orca. And here comes two orcas under the boat in our study area. It was light bulb. They were feeding right in that area where we just found the carcass. Now, what we have is that orcas are a real possibility for being the culprit for these carcasses.

[Scott Pelley]

Two years later, great whites began washing ashore with their livers missing. What's so tasty about a shark liver?

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

It's the most calorie dense organ out of the whole body, and it takes up almost a third of the shark's body.

[Scott Pelley]

So they're not trying to eat the entire shark, they're just targeting the liver. Koch and her colleagues performed necropsies and confirmed orcas were indeed the culprits. They've been in these waters for years, but no one had ever seen one kill a great white here, though they are known to hunt them off California and around Australia for South Africa.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

This was completely novel because for a long time you go, but white sharks are the apex predators. And this is, I think, why people struggle to sort of believe that this was happening.

[Scott Pelley]

I mean, it is like something out of csi. It's like you're the detective and I

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

feel like a detective, but for a long time we didn't have all of the pieces of the puzzle.

[Scott Pelley]

David Hurwitz helped put the puzzle together. He's a whale watching tour operator and was the first person to see two very distinctive male orcas hunting and killing sharks. He named them Port and Starboard.

[David Hurwitz (Whale Watching Tour Operator)]

What was distinctive about them is that both of their dorsal fins were collapsed, which is very unusual.

[Scott Pelley]

Like collapsed over like that.

[David Hurwitz (Whale Watching Tour Operator)]

The one that collapsed to the left, the other one to the right. And being a nautical man, immediately it came to my mind, let's call them port, starboard. And that caught on from there. And they've become world famous or infamous.

[Scott Pelley]

Infamous because unlike most orcas which hunt in groups called pods, Port and Starboard were hunting sharks for their livers. And as a pair, they're hunting on their own in ways people here have never seen before. I mean, are these like serial killers?

[David Hurwitz (Whale Watching Tour Operator)]

They are definitely not serial killers.

[Scott Pelley]

They're eating the livers of. It's like Hannibal Lecter eating liver with fava beans.

[David Hurwitz (Whale Watching Tour Operator)]

I am sa infatuated by Port, Starboard. You'll never get me to say a bad word against them.

[Scott Pelley]

Scientists now believe Port and Starboard might even be teaching other orcas how to hunt down sharks. In 2022, this drone footage captured five orcas working together, stunning and then killing a great white.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

Here's an orca with this big white shark upside down, biting into the area where the liver is.

[Scott Pelley]

More recently, single orcas have been seen hunting sharks in South Africa and elsewhere. This National Geographic documentary shows an orca striking a great white like a torpedo, stunning it, then taking it in its mouth.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

They're learning. They're learning all the time. I think it's hard for people to kind of understand how smart these animals are.

[Scott Pelley]

Koch maintains the presence of these smart hunters has chased the once dominant great whites further along the coast and insists that overall the population of great whites in South African waters is stable. The presence of just two orcas, that would drive away hundreds of them.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

The predator eats the prey and that has an impact on some of the numbers. But one of the biggest things with predation is the fear of predation or the risk of predation and what we call the landscape of fear.

[Scott Pelley]

But gazelle don't disappear because a lion is killing some gazelle.

[Nermeen (Migrant)]

They've evolved alongside of their predator. White sharks have not. White sharks have been the top dog. This was a novel predator for them. They were not used to being predated on by another species.

[Enrico Gennari (Marine Biologist)]

Orcas have been killing white sharks for thousands of years.

[Scott Pelley]

Enrico Gennari is an Italian marine biologist who's been researching great whites in South Africa for 20 years. He doesn't agree with Alison Koch that the population is stable.

[Enrico Gennari (Marine Biologist)]

The question is not. The orcas are pushing white sharks away. Same thing happened in California. Same thing happened in Australia. The question here in South Africa why they are not coming back.

[Scott Pelley]

In California, orcas have killed great white sharks. But then the great whites came back

[Enrico Gennari (Marine Biologist)]

up to six, nine months. The white shark left, but they always came back.

[Scott Pelley]

Gennari and photographer Chris Fallows both agree the numbers of great whites plummeted a few years before port and starboard began their killing spree.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

By the time the great white sharks had completely disappeared from Sioux island, we had never once seen port and starboard at sea island.

[Scott Pelley]

You don't buy this argument that it's these two orcas that have made all the great whites here disappear?

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

I don't buy it one bit. How can you blame somebody that wasn't even on the crime scene?

[Scott Pelley]

Fallows and Gennari argue humans are ultimately to blame. They've been documented the impact of commercial fishing boats on smaller shark species that are a staple of the great white's diet. The boats lay miles of long lines with thousands of hooks attached on the ocean floor. The sharks they catch are exported to Australia, used for cheap fish and chips.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

Shark longlining is undoubtedly robbing the great white sharks of food. It's the primary prey source for the great whites when they're not feeding on seals. When you remove the prey, you have a significant impact on the predator.

[Scott Pelley]

An even bigger impact on great whites, Fallows and Gennaries say are shark nets and baited hooks attached to buoys which the South African authorities have used to protect swimmers along the coast since the 1950s. Nets and hooks kill more than 20 great whites a year along with whatever else gets caught by them.

[Enrico Gennari (Marine Biologist)]

The device are designed to kill and lower the population number. The concept is one less shark, one less chance of an encounter with a human.

[Scott Pelley]

Genari would like to see South Africa embrace a variety of alternatives to protect swimmers. Like underwater magnetic fields which interfere with the scents sharks use for hunting. Or increasing the use of smaller mesh nets which create a barrier without entangling marine life.

[Enrico Gennari (Marine Biologist)]

The problem that in South Africa we only using lethal method and that is outdated and unsustainable.

[Scott Pelley]

If you believe that it's these two orcas which have driven away the great white population, there's not much humans can do about that. What your argument is there's actually a lot humans can do with long line fishing and getting rid of these shark nets that is something humans can impact?

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

Absolutely. Let's stop bickering about something we can't control, and let's start focusing on the things that we can control. And if we don't start addressing those factors that we can control, I don't believe there's any hope.

[Scott Pelley]

In 1991, South Africa was the first country in the world to protect the great white shark. But Enrico Gennari believes those efforts have failed and now fears it may be the first country to lose them.

[Enrico Gennari (Marine Biologist)]

If we lose the white shark in South Africa, we lose a battle for all nature. If we can protect even the most charismatic, most protected species on paper in South Africa, what chance the little guys, the other sharks or the other animals have against unsustainable use? Nothing.

[Scott Pelley]

There's a lot of people watching who may not have a lot of sympathy with great white sharks. Why should somebody care?

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

I think somebody should care in the same way as we never used to have sympathy with whales. You know, we were wiping these animals out to the point of extinction. Great whites are no different. So even if we don't like the look of the animal, they're incredibly important for us going forward.

[Scott Pelley]

With no great whites to document, Fallows has shifted his focus to photographing humpback whales.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

Unbelievable.

[Scott Pelley]

Since a moratorium on commercial whaling was enacted in the 1980s, humpbacks have made a remarkable comeback. Does it have anything to do with the great whites leaving?

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

No. What it's got 100% to do with is enlightened governments, passionate individuals showcasing the whales for what they were, incredibly sentient creatures having an important role to play in our ocean. Therefore, they became protected, and now their numbers are being allowed to expand naturally.

[Scott Pelley]

To you, that's an example that conservation efforts can work.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

Undoubtedly, it can work. I believe, you know, if we take away pressures on animals, if there are enough of them, they will still rebound. It's called balance. A balance station is a health ocean. A healthy ocean is a healthy environment for us.

[Rosetta Stone Announcer]

Explore wildlife photographer Chris Fallow's archive.

[Chris Fallows (Photographer/Naturalist)]

I was very lucky to be in the right position at the right time.

[Rosetta Stone Announcer]

@60minutesovertime.com. The Last minute of 60 minutes.

[Scott Pelley]

The 250th anniversary of American independence coincides with a new revolution. Artificial intelligence. A leader is Sundar Pichai, the CEO of Google and Alphabet.

[Sundar Pichai (Google CEO)]

For 250 years, America has led the world in inventing technologies that improve people's lives. AI is the most profound technology yet. And once again, America must take the lead and develop it boldly and responsibly. So every American benefits. We already see glimmers of how AI can help. Be it researchers working to discover life saving cures, teachers customizing lesson plans to help students learn, or firefighters tracking wildfires with greater precision. Many examples are more personal. My dad is a retired engineer in his 80s. I'll never forget the awe on his face during his first ride in a safe, self driving car on the streets of San Francisco. It was magical. Of course, with any technology there are challenges to work through from investing in workforce training and putting the right regulations in place. Still, I'm optimistic. Not because I believe in technology, but because I believe in people and the sheer power of American ingenuity.

[Scott Pelley]

I'm Anderson Cooper. We'll be back next week with another edition of 60 Minutes.

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[Bill Whitaker]

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[Nermeen (Migrant)]

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