Ambassador Bridge

Summary

---

99% Invisible – “Ambassador Bridge”

Host: Roman Mars
Date: August 26, 2025
Producer/Reporter: Andrew Lapin

---

Episode Overview

This episode of 99% Invisible delves into the hidden and troubled history of the Ambassador Bridge—a privately owned, economically critical span connecting Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontario. The story unpacks not just the physical realities of this infrastructure, but also the decades-long conflicts over its private ownership, the destructive impacts on surrounding neighborhoods, and ongoing struggles over accountability, public interest, and international relations. The arrival of the new Gordie Howe Bridge is poised as a moment of civic redemption, while recent issues, including border detentions due to poor signage and shifting migration policies, highlight the legacy and design flaws of this vital crossing.

---

Key Discussion Points & Insights

1. The Importance of the Ambassador Bridge

• Economic Lifeline:
  • "CNN once called it the most economically important one and a half miles of roadway in the Western Hemisphere." – Roman Mars [00:53]
  • Handles 30% of all US-Canada trade, with over 2 million truck crossings per year; a critical node for the auto industry.
• Limited Alternatives:
  • Only nearby tunnel is too small for most trucks; next road bridge is 65 miles away.
  • All freight must go through a dense Detroit neighborhood (Mexicantown), causing noise and pollution for decades.

2. Neighborhood Impact: Mexicantown’s Plight

• Residents suffered from pollution, health effects, and noise:
  • “There is this, like, black soot on, like, windows or on the outside of people's homes that face the bridge that you can, like, literally take your finger [and] wipe off.” – Sam Butler [02:31]
• The bridge’s design forced trucks through residential streets until very recently.

3. A Bridge Owned by a “Shadowy Baron”

• The Ambassador Bridge is not publicly owned:
  • “...for the longest time, the Ambassador Bridge was owned by one guy...the elder Maroon." – Narrator [03:13]
• Matty (Manuel) Maroun:
  • Bought the bridge in 1979; transferred it to his son Matthew in 2018.
  • Amassed wealth via tolls and duty-free sales, but was infamous for neglect of both the structure and surrounding community.
    • "He was probably the most disliked businessman in Detroit by far in a couple of generations." – John Gallagher [06:40]

4. Privatization & Ruthless Expansion

• Originally privately built in 1920s out of municipal necessity.
  • Eventually became a publicly traded company, opening the door for Maroun’s takeover.
• Aggressive Real Estate Tactics:
  • Matty Maroun used "blockbusting" to buy out homes, letting properties decay until neighbors sold cheaply.
    • “I don't think it's hyperbole to say that a lot of neighbors feel like the bridge company has historically been an existential threat to the neighborhood.” – Sam Butler [10:48]
  • Eventually owned almost 1000 Detroit properties and over 130 in Windsor just to control land near the bridge.

5. Neglect, Ruin, and Blocked Improvements

• Allowed Michigan Central Train Station—a key Detroit symbol— to rot for decades.
  • "A majestic transportation hub rotting away in plain sight.” – Narrator [14:53]
• Despite profits (estimated at $60 million/year after NAFTA [16:40]), Maroun ignored complaints and did minimal philanthropy or community investment.

6. Failed Promises and Lawsuits: The Gateway Project

• In 2004, Maroun agreed to help reroute trucks away from Mexicantown (Gateway Project), but instead started building a second bridge without approvals.
  • “All he did was build that bridge to nowhere, claiming it was part of the Gateway deal.” – Narrator [18:03]
• Community protests ensued, including human chains and puppet parades.
  • “There's people that laid on the road so his trucks couldn't go through. Literally laid on the road.” – Anthony Benavides [19:07]
• Ultimately, Maroun was jailed for contempt of court for non-compliance—but received catered dinner in lockup.
  • “He got approval to have the Detroit Athletic club...send over a catered dinner that night.” – Narrator [21:19]

7. Canada Steps In: The Gordie Howe Bridge

• Canada, frustrated by Maroun’s monopoly and the bridge’s impact, stepped in to build a new publicly owned crossing.
  • "Yes, Canada came to the rescue to bail out America..." – Andrew Lapin [21:56]
• Canada paid the full cost; named bridge for hockey legend Gordie Howe.
• Maroun fought back, including lawsuits, scare tactics (fake eviction notices), and expensive political campaigns.
  • “Proposal 6 would make all future bridge projects subject to a referendum...designed to make approval for projects like the Gordie Howe bridge much more difficult.” – Narrator [24:38]
• After years of legal wrangling, the Gordie Howe Bridge was finally greenlit; Maroun’s monopoly was broken.

8. Redemption & Renewal

• Maroun family sold Michigan Central to Ford in 2018; Ford transformed it into a tech hub and symbol of Detroit’s revival.
  • "They turned the whole project into a major community effort. And they even welcomed the station's looters to return the historic stuff they stole, no questions asked." – Narrator [27:42]
• Detroit’s reputation and prospects improved—new business, renewed urban energy, and relief for neighborhoods.
  • “Properties that are still here are getting invested in. New construction's going on. There is hope. There's always hope. If you can live long enough, there's always hope.” – Kathy Wendler [30:29]

9. Design Flaws and the Bridge’s Complicated Legacy (2025 Update)

• The Ambassador Bridge's poor signage and confusing design have caused a spike in accidental international crossings, resulting in detainment and deportations.
  • “More than 210 people were detained at this bridge crossing, and more than 90% of them had crossed onto the bridge by accident.” – Sam Butler [39:04]
• Recent focus by the Trump administration’s DHS on "securing" the northern border has amplified these issues.
  • Example: A mother just trying to get to Costco ended up in detention; another: a Venezuelan delivery driver wrongly deported after a mistaken bridge turn. [40:09]
• The bridge continues to be both a vital artery and a source of community hardship.

---

Notable Quotes & Moments

• On Community Impact:

  • “I mean, the bridge company wasn't thinking about what they were wiping out. They had tunnel vision. Bridge vision, I guess, is what it should be called.” – Kathy Wendler [09:22]

• On Private Infrastructure:

  • "International border crossing shouldn't be privately owned." – Kathy Wendler [31:11]

• On Protest and Pushback:

  • "There's people that laid on the road so his trucks couldn't go through. Literally laid on the road." – Anthony Benavides [19:07]

• On Neglect and Symbolism:

  • "A majestic transportation hub rotting away in plain sight." – Narrator [14:53]

• On Detroit’s Renewal:

  • "The city just began to turn around and, you know, by 2015, 2020, it was pretty apparent that a lot of great stuff was happening." – John Gallagher (via Roman Mars) [29:32]

---

Key Segments & Timestamps

| Segment or Topic | Timestamps | |----------------------------------------------------------|----------------| | Economic/structural description of the bridge | 00:53 – 02:06 | | Impact on Mexicantown neighborhood | 02:06 – 03:13 | | Private ownership and rise of Matty Maroun | 03:13 – 08:00 | | Land speculation, blockbusting, neglect | 09:12 – 14:53 | | Michigan Central’s decay as Detroit metaphor | 14:53 – 16:26 | | NAFTA and increasing bridge profits | 16:26 – 17:10 | | The Gateway Project debacle and community protests | 17:29 – 21:19 | | Canada’s intervention and birth of Gordie Howe Bridge | 21:44 – 26:59 | | Ford’s Michigan Central revival, Detroit comeback | 27:42 – 30:55 | | Discussion—recent bridge news, border detainments | 35:28 – 43:30 |

---

Current Events/Recent Developments

• Migrant Detentions: Due to poor signage, accidental bridge entries have led to detentions and deportations at a time of heightened political focus on border crossings. [36:46 – 41:53]
• Protest Legacy: The bridge’s private status has led to crises, like the 2022 trucker blockade during COVID-19 protest, costing the economy $300 million in six days. [41:53 – 43:30]

---

Closing Insight

Ultimately, the episode chronicles how a piece of critical infrastructure, left in private hands, became both a choke point and a cautionary tale of how design, ownership, and neglect can shape the fortunes of an entire city—and how public action (and international allies) can eventually bring change.

---

“Bad design contributes to horrible decisions and everything gets more complicated and it adds to the bridge's complicated legacy.” – Andrew Lapin [41:34]

“If you can live long enough, there's always hope.” – Kathy Wendler [30:29]

---

Transcript

[Roman Mars]

For years, everyone thought Verizon had the best network because they did. But now the best mobile network in the US Is T Mobile. T Mobile's network has the most advanced 5G with more towers and their signal reaches further than ever. So you can text an Insta talk and say, you won't believe where I am.

[Andrew Lapin]

T Mobile has the best mobile network.

[Roman Mars]

In the US based on analysis by Ookla of speed test intelligence data 1H2025CT mobile.com network.

[Andrew Lapin]

Hanaday presents in the red corner, the undisputed, undefeated weed Whacker guy, champion of hurling grass and pollen everywhere. And in the blue corner, the challenger, Extra strength Hanaday eye drops that work all day to prevent the release of histamines that cause itchy allergy eyes. And the winner by knockout is Patterday Hataday. Bring it on. This is 99% invisible. I'm Roman Mars. Detroit, Michigan, is the home to the Ambassador Bridge, which links Detroit to the Canadian border city of Windsor. The Ambassador is essential. CNN once called it the most economically important one and a half miles of roadway in the Western Hemisphere.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Every day, endless lines of trucks wait for hours on a concrete plaza flanked by rows of traffic cones so they can be processed by a border agent.

[Andrew Lapin]

That's producer Andrew Lapen.

[Narrator/Reporter]

The Ambassador is the linchpin of the North American auto industry. Cars are constantly being driven back and forth to different factories. Last year, more than 2 million trucks drove across the Ambassador. In fact, 30% of all trade between the US and Canada rolls over this bridge.

[Andrew Lapin]

Everybody has to use the bridge because they basically don't have any other choice. There's a tunnel nearby that's too small for most trucks to drive through. And the next closest international bridge is some 65 miles away.

[Narrator/Reporter]

To get to the bridge, all those freight trucks first have to drive by a residential neighborhood in southwest Detroit called Mexicantown. And for many years, they had to drive right through it. Mexicantown is right at the bridge's entry point, and residents have suffered through through loud honking and negative health effects for decades. Here's how Sam Butler, president of a local neighborhood group, described it to me.

[Sam Butler]

There is this, like, black soot on, like, windows or on the outside of people's homes that face the bridge that you can, like, literally take your finger.

[Andrew Lapin]

Wipe off a piece of this black.

[Sam Butler]

Soot living so close to a international crossing that gets 10,000 trucks per day.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Folks in Windsor don't like the bridge either. It's not well maintained. Large chunks of concrete have been known to break off and fall on the streets below.

[Andrew Lapin]

Basically everyone in the surrounding area hates this bridge, but they have nobody to complain to. They can't petition the city or the county or even the US or Canadian governments because none of them own this bridge.

[Narrator/Reporter]

In fact, for the longest time, the Ambassador Bridge was owned by one guy. You had to take it up with him if you could get a hold of him.

[Roman Mars]

I'm a quiet, private man, but somebody decided to make me something other than me in private. I didn't.

[Narrator/Reporter]

That's Manuel Maroon.

[Sam Butler]

He went by Matty.

[Narrator/Reporter]

He owned the Ambassador Bridge from 1979 until 2018, when the ownership transferred to his son Matthew. The elder Maroon may have been private.

[Sam Butler]

In the sense that he almost never.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Gave interviews, but for decades, he was quietly one of the most important people in Detroit.

[Andrew Lapin]

When Manny Maroon died in 2020, he was a billionaire. A good chunk of his empire was funded with bridge tolls and the duty free gas stations on the bridge.

[Narrator/Reporter]

By this point, you're probably asking the obvious. How can one man and his family own an international bridge, a critical piece of infrastructure that so many people have to use? Actually, a lot of critical infrastructure is privately owned. And the story of the Maroon family in Detroit shows how this kind of relationship can go totally wrong.

[Andrew Lapin]

The Ambassador Bridge has always been privately owned, and when it was built in the 1920s, that wasn't so unusual.

[Narrator/Reporter]

At the time, the economy was booming and the country was modernizing. But local governments were often slow to act. So big infrastructure projects like bridges sometimes needed private investors to get off the ground.

[Andrew Lapin]

In Detroit, the auto industry was taking off, but there was no easy way to get parts across the river from Canada. They needed a bridge. The city and the state weren't building one. So private investors started raising money and drawing up plans.

[Narrator/Reporter]

I should add, the mayor of Detroit at the time, 10, did not like.

[Sam Butler]

The idea that this bridge would be privately owned.

[Narrator/Reporter]

He tried to stop it, but after the city passed a ballot proposal by a huge margin, he had no choice. The stakes were driven into the ground in 1927, at a ceremony to mark the occasion, a 16 year old girl in high heels balanced across a catwalk over the Detroit River. This girl, Helen Austin, was the daughter of one of the bridge's original investors. Reports at the time said she was the first person to walk across the river.

[Andrew Lapin]

Here's what one local newspaper wrote that day. Through the clouds of dark brown smoke that rose above the railroad, one could vision a mighty steel structure of greater clearance than the Brooklyn Bridge, spanning the Detroit river and opening a new era in continental transportation.

[Narrator/Reporter]

But the celebrations were short lived. The ambassador struggled after the great depression and for years had financial problems. The owners managed to keep it open by making the bridge into a publicly traded company with shares available on the stock market. For a time, this approach helped keep the bridge solvent. But ultimately, the decision to sell shares opened the door to a takeover by one man, A man nobody in Detroit had ever really heard of.

[Roman Mars]

His basic biography ought to be that of rags to riches American hero. And instead, he's probably the most disliked businessman in Detroit by far in a couple of generations.

[Narrator/Reporter]

That's John Gallagher. He's a retired Detroit free press journalist and one of the only people to have ever interviewed Maroon, who really was a self made success. Maroon started working in his dad's garage after college and tenaciously grew that into a local trucking empire.

[Roman Mars]

Matty told me during one of the few times when he was talking to reporters that as a teenager he had pumped gas for Jimmy Hoffa and came from sort of rags to riches. Built this enormous fortune mainly through his trucking company.

[Andrew Lapin]

Matty Maroon outbid some fierce competition, including from Warren Buffett, to get total ownership of the bridge. Matty Maroon actually had a long history with the ambassador. Before he purchased it, his family had been pushed out of their home by the original construction project. But 50 years later, the bridge was all his. Basically a license to print money.

[Steve Tabochman]

You have a family controlled private company of scale, right, that, you know, you do the math. But they must have been turning millions and millions of dollars of unbelievable profit from this asset.

[Narrator/Reporter]

This is Steve Tabochman, A former democratic Michigan state representative from southwest Detroit. He says after Matty maroon bought the bridge in 1979, he became a notorious.

[Sam Butler]

Figure in the community.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Describing every shenanigan Matty maroon got up.

[Sam Butler]

To in Detroit would take hours.

[Narrator/Reporter]

I'm not going to do that.

[Sam Butler]

But baseline.

[Narrator/Reporter]

According to Debachman, Maroon didn't do very much to address the long standing complaints about noise and dirt in the neighborhoods near the bridge. In fact, there wasn't much community outreach at all.

[Steve Tabochman]

There was no presence for this company in the community other than the commerce they were doing. So there weren't large investments. It wasn't like there was a Manny maroon community center or rec center or reading room at the high school or anything like that.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Detroit's wealthiest businessmen have tended to give a lot to local charities, Especially when the city started losing people in the mid 20th century. But Matty maroon wasn't a big public philanthropist.

[Andrew Lapin]

He was more focused on expanding the bridge empire in the 1980s, Maroon bought up a bunch of land near the bridge. Then he presented a plan to expand the ambassador's entryway, the opening plaza. This expansion was so the bridge could accommodate more traffic and bring in more tolls.

[Narrator/Reporter]

To accomplish this, Maroon needed to buy up the land near the bridge's opening. But there was one problem. That land was already occupied by a vibrant residential neighborhood.

[Kathy Wendler]

I mean, the bridge company wasn't thinking about what they were wiping out. They had tunnel vision. Bridge vision, I guess, is what it should be called.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Kathy Wendler is a Detroit native. She worked for the Southwest Detroit Business association for decades, first joining in 1981, two years after the Maroons took over the bridge. Her job was community development. She soon realized that meant she would have to oppose the Maroons.

[Kathy Wendler]

It was located in a community. It was located in a place. And that place was at least as important as that bridge.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Important and to its residents, pretty special. Southwest Detroit was not some big industrial depot. Far from it. This is a closely knit neighborhood. A lot of the Motor City is really spread out wide, boulevards meant for.

[Sam Butler]

A lot of cars.

[Narrator/Reporter]

But Southwest, it's dense and it's accessible.

[Kathy Wendler]

It was walkable. You didn't have to have a car. You could get groceries. You could go to the doctor, you could get dry cleaning done. It was vibrant.

[Narrator/Reporter]

For the folks living here, the neighborhood felt special. And the Maroons and their ambitious plans quickly became everyone's business. Here's Sam Butler again, the head of a local neighborhood group.

[Sam Butler]

I don't think it's hyperbole to say that a lot of neighbors feel like the bridge company has historically been an existential threat to the neighborhood.

[Andrew Lapin]

Throughout the 80s, Matty Maroon bought up a lot of property to expand his bridge empire. His representatives went door to door in the Mexican town neighborhood, purchasing one house after another and putting pressure on the residents who stayed.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Anthony Benavides is a southwest Detroit community activist. He says the Maroons used a tactic called blockbusting to buy up local real estate. Basically, they would buy up houses and depopulate the street so that eventually everyone would leave.

[Andrew Lapin]

He was strategically buying houses throughout the block and just letting them sit there. They were vacant.

[Roman Mars]

So of course you had drugs, you had prostitutes, you had wild dogs.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Anthony loves his community. He's worked for years at a public park in the area in full view of the bridge, and he saw the systematic destruction of his neighborhood up close.

[Roman Mars]

The people next door to that house.

[Andrew Lapin]

They sat there looking at a vacant house for years until they are begging Manny Maroon to buy Their house.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Sometimes the sales agents gave no indication they were there. On behalf of the Maroons, they'd represent companies with names like MexicoTown Real Estate Company.

[Andrew Lapin]

Some unsuspecting homeowners were desperate to get out of the area that was being hollowed out and collapsing from blight. They were happy to sell. Only later did they learn the truth about who bought their property.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Maroon wanted to buy up the land near the bridge so he could one day expand its entry plaza and collect more tolls. But he bought lots of other property too. Enough to become a true baron of Detroit real estate. One website that tracks landlords in the city estimates the Maroons have owned as many as 978 properties in Detroit alone.

[Andrew Lapin]

And the Windsor Star estimates that at one point, Maroon owned another 139 properties in Windsor at the bridge's entry point on the Canadian side.

[Narrator/Reporter]

A lot of the property the Maroons were buying wasn't anywhere near the bridge. The and once they owned them, the Maroons weren't that interested in doing anything with them. In fact, the Maroons accumulated so many blight tickets over the years that they struck more than one deal with the city to pay them off in negotiated lump sums. This kind of thing, buying property and.

[Sam Butler]

Just letting it go to seed.

[Narrator/Reporter]

It was happening a lot in Detroit around this time. The city was declining rapidly in the 80s and land was selling for cheap. That meant land speculators could sweep in, take advantage of an economic downturn and hoard real estate just in case Detroit ever made a comeback without having to worry about keeping it up. Who was going to foreclose on you? The city? They were broke.

[Steve Tabochman]

If you can buy that property for $500, $1,000, $3,000, I guess you're investing that out of speculation that hopefully one day someday somebody comes and wants to buy that property and, and they're willing to pay you multiples of that few thousand dollar purchase price and the properties become valuable. And the worst case scenario is you lose the property to tax foreclosure. But that is a 30 year gamble. And then you're only out your original cost.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Matty Maroon's buying spree got so big that he eventually landed on a major piece of Detroit history. In 1992, Maroon purchased Michigan Central, a massive former train station in the southwest neighborhood of Corktown. The station was a relic of an earlier era in Detroit when people still commuted by train and its giant tiled ceilings also welcomed newly arriving migrants and black Americans coming up during the Great Migration. The building was known as Detroit's Ellis Island.

[Andrew Lapin]

Michigan Central had seen better days, even when Matty Maroon bought it. But he did nothing with it besides building a fence around the property and putting in some windows after the old ones had been busted by looters.

[Narrator/Reporter]

A majestic transportation hub rotting away in plain sight. To a lot of people, it felt like a metaphor for what had become of Detroit. Carl Craig, a Detroit techno pioneer, cited the building as a weird kind of inspiration for himself and other musicians as they developed this revolutionary new post industrial sound in the Motor City. This is a typical example of Detroit, just beautiful structure.

[Andrew Lapin]

It was booming when I was a kid, and now 20 years later, it's just totally up. By the 1990s, Michigan Central was a magnet for graffiti and scavengers. It embodied the dreaded Detroit stereotype of ruin porn.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Urban explorers went spelunking inside to gawk at the ravages of the Rust Belt. Like in this clip from the 2012 documentary Detropia, in which an opera tenor wanders through Michigan Central. The walls are crumbling and filled with graffiti. It looks like something out of a zombie movie. And this is what I think is so sad about the whole situation. The original owners of the bridge were trying to help grow Detroit's economy during its boom years. Decades later, the new owners were coming out on the other end and helping to accelerate the city's disastrous fall.

[Andrew Lapin]

While many of their properties fell into disrepair, the Maroons still made huge profits because their main business, the Ambassador Bridge, became even more indispensable after the passage of NAFTA in 1992.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Remember NAFTA? You know, the agreement designed to eliminate tariffs between the United States and Canada? Anyhow, NAFTA led to a big increase in commerce between the two countries and made the bridge essential. Forbes magazine once estimated the bridge makes $60 million in revenue every year.

[Andrew Lapin]

After the passage of NAFTA, Matty Maroon became notably more ambitious in his dealings with Detroit. He made a pretty brazen move to expand his business by starting construct on a second bridge right beside the first one.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Traffic had increased so much on the Ambassador, there was clearly demand for another bridge. The Maroons knew that. They also knew that if they didn't act on that demand, the second bridge would be built by someone else, someone who would threaten their monopoly.

[Andrew Lapin]

Mandy Maroon didn't have permission from the city of Detroit or the city of Windsor or from anybody to start building a new bridge. In fact, Matt Mattie Maroon was supposed to be doing something completely different, something positive for the community. In 2004, Maroon signed a $258 million deal with the city for an initiative called the Gateway project. The Michigan Department of Transportation, residents, stakeholders, and community leaders are teaming up to.

[Sam Butler]

Improve the international gateway into Michigan, the region, and Detroit.

[Andrew Lapin]

For the Gateway project, the government would build more roads to ease traffic. And in exchange, Maroon promised to build entryways to connect the bridge to the highway system so trucks would no longer have to drive through the Mexicantown neighborhood. It seemed like a great deal for everybody. But instead of holding up his end of the bargain, Matty Maroon's company started construction on a second Bridge in 2007. They didn't get very far. In the end, they only built two ramps that didn't connect to anything. They call it the Dukes of Hazzard bridge right now. So it's like. It's like, you know, it's never been built. It's just like a ramp going up.

[Narrator/Reporter]

For years, Matty Maroon promised to take action and connect up with the highway, but he never did. All he did was build that bridge to nowhere, claiming it was part of the Gateway deal. The city appeared helpless. They waited five years for Maroon to hold up his part of the bargain. Members of the community fought back against this kind of behavior with dramatic public protests. Anthony Benavides remembers one of them.

[Andrew Lapin]

There's people that laid on the road so his trucks couldn't go through. Literally laid on the road. That's how involved they were. They literally put their bodies in front of trucks. More than 100 people formed a human chain to block access to the bridge. Some elected officials joined them. So did the occupy movement. We are united. We are the 99%. We are the 99%.

[Narrator/Reporter]

And the protests spread out. The Metro Times, the alt weekly, published a cartoon depicting maroon as Mr. Burns from the Simpsons. Protesters carried a giant puppet of Matty Maroon and paraded him in front of Michigan Central, where they chastised him for owning so many blighted properties. I'm here because we are sick and tired of Mattie Maroon, and it's broken. Torn down his houses, that's dilapidated, renting them to people.

[Steve Tabochman]

This is crazy.

[Narrator/Reporter]

With all the money that he has, he's a billionaire, he's a CEO, and he's the only one getting rich.

[Andrew Lapin]

Despite these protests and pushback from politicians like Steve Tabachman and Rashida Tlaib, the Maroons still largely got their way, partly because Matty Maroon spent heavily on lobbying in Michigan for years. When the state would raise the prospect of dealing with the bridge's problems, those efforts would die quickly. They are also known to Be very litigious. To avoid drawn out legal battles, local governments usually decided the best way forward was to cut deals with the family on all bridge matters. But with so much pushback against the Maroons, a showdown became inevitable.

[Narrator/Reporter]

In January 2012, Maroon and his longtime right hand man, Dan Stamper were hauled before a county judge. Fed up with their foot dragging on the gateway project, the judge ordered both of them to spend one night in jail. Maroon was 84 years old. One of the richest and most powerful men in the city was thrown in county lockup. John Gallagher remembers this well.

[Roman Mars]

It was astonishing that a guy of his stature, I mean, a billionaire businessman, would be thrown in jail for resisting, you know, a court order.

[Narrator/Reporter]

The stay in the pen wasn't too bad for Matty Maroon. He got approval to have the Detroit Athletic club, a swanky members only venue in the city, send over a catered dinner that night. When he got out, he had a big smile on his face.

[Andrew Lapin]

Hi, Maroon, how are you?

[Sam Butler]

I'm fine.

[Andrew Lapin]

How do you feel to be out? I love our country. Best country in the world.

[Narrator/Reporter]

For a long time, it seemed like the Maroons bridge monopoly would never end. Ultimately, the only group of people with the clout and the ability to stand up to the Maroons was the great white north.

[Andrew Lapin]

Yes, Canada came to the rescue to bail out America. And when Canada came swinging, the final battle over the future of the ambassador beyond.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Canada's top ministers actually agreed with the Maroons about something. There should be a second bridge connecting Detroit to Windsor. They just didn't want Mattie to own it.

[Andrew Lapin]

Beginning in 2004, the Canadian government made a series of proposals to build a second bridge. Their bridge would link up directly with the freeway, making the trip easier for truckers and the quality of life better for the neighborhoods in Detroit. It would introduce competition and it would bring back pedestrian walkways. The ambassador had closed theirs years ago.

[Narrator/Reporter]

A Canadian diplomat named Roy Norton was the public face of the effort. He made it clear breaking up the Maroons bridge monopoly would be no easy task.

[Sam Butler]

I confess to having had periodic visions.

[Andrew Lapin]

Of a maroon owned 18 wheeler bearing down on me and forcing me off.

[Sam Butler]

The road as I crisscrossed the state of Michigan.

[Andrew Lapin]

The bottom line? In Michigan, the Maroons win.

[Sam Butler]

At least historically, that's been the case.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Norton called the Maroons liars and scoundrels. He chastised the lawmakers who took their campaign money and suggested the whole family should be investigated for violating antitrust laws.

[Andrew Lapin]

This tough talk paid off. In 2012, an agreement was reached. A Second bridge would be built and controlled entirely by the Canadian government. It would be named the Gordie Howe Bridge, in honor of the Canadian hockey star who played most of his career with the Detroit Red Wings, a symbol of binational unity.

[Narrator/Reporter]

And here's the sweetener. Canada would pay the entire cost of the new bridge. American taxpayers would pay nothing. This didn't sit well with the Maroons. Another bridge would mean they'd have to adopt competitive pricing and make costly improvements just to stay afloat. So they pulled out all the stops to try and prevent the Gordie Howe from being built. Matty Maroon's son, Matthew, made his case to the media.

[Roman Mars]

We've got a Michigan business that's been.

[Andrew Lapin]

Here for 83 years and contributed economically to the city and the state. The Maroons fought back with some pretty aggressive tactics. In 2011, when the Gordie Howe was still in the planning stage, a bunch of yellow eviction notices went up in a neighborhood close to the proposed bridge site. A lot of people understandably freaked out.

[Narrator/Reporter]

But the notices were fake, a scare tactic meant to drum up opposition to.

[Sam Butler]

The Gordie Howe Bridge.

[Narrator/Reporter]

A conservative lobbying group, Americans for Prosperity, took credit for the fake eviction notices.

[Andrew Lapin]

Then there was the ballot box. Matty Maroon spent more than $30 million to get an amendment passed by Michigan voters called Proposal 6. Proposal 6 would make all future bridge projects subject to a referendum by both state and local voters. The whole thing was designed to make approval for projects like the Gordie Howe brid much more difficult.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Groups supported by Matty Maroon ran ads implying that voters somehow would have to pay for the Gordie Howe Bridge, and that Proposal six would stop that from happening.

[Sam Butler]

Here's why Michigan voters are voting yes on Proposal 6.

[Kathy Wendler]

There's no such thing as a free bridge.

[Sam Butler]

There's no such thing as a free bridge.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Someone pays.

[Roman Mars]

I don't care who owns the bridge. All I care about is paying for a new one without even being asked.

[Andrew Lapin]

Yes means we have the power. No means we give it away to the politicians.

[Narrator/Reporter]

They called their campaign. The People should decide. Ultimately, the bridge Amendment failed, with 60% of voters rejecting it. Still, the Maroon family wouldn't go down without a fight. The Maroons took the new bridge authority to court, filing lawsuit after lawsuit to delay its construction and appealing all the way to the state Supreme Court. Eventually, they ran out of legal avenues, but they were able to drag things.

[Sam Butler]

Out for six years.

[Andrew Lapin]

In 2018, during President Trump's first term in office, the Canadian bridge was due to finally begin Construction. So Matty Maroon tried a Hail Mary to save his family's monopoly. Dear Mr. President, there are two grand new bridges being proposed in Detroit between America and Canada. One is American made, American owned. It uses American made steel. 5,000American workers. The other would be Canadian made, Canadian owned, Canadian workers. Who knows who would make the steel?

[Narrator/Reporter]

This ad ran on Fox News in the hopes that Trump would see it and intervene. Given that the President was known to watch Fox News constantly, it wasn't a bad plan.

[Andrew Lapin]

In this ad, the Maroons tried to paint their idea for a bridge project as a patriotic alternative. Choose American. Thank you, sir. Signed America.

[Sam Butler]

Despite all this, let's just call it.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Lobbying, Trump never intervened and the Gordie Howe Bridge finally broke ground that June.

[Andrew Lapin]

This fall, the Gordie Howe Bridge is set to open. It's a brand new symbol of Canadian American friendship at a moment when relations between the two countries and their leaders are at their lowest point since The War of 1812, when British troops burned down the White House.

[Narrator/Reporter]

As another Canadian once said, isn't it ironic?

[Andrew Lapin]

Since the loss of the bridge monopoly, the Maroons have taken a step back. The same month the Gordie Howe Bridge began Construction, in 2018, the family sold Michigan Central to the Ford Motor Company for $90 million.

[Narrator/Reporter]

In 2020, Matty Maroon died at the age of 93 from heart failure. He had already transferred control of the family's enterprises, including the bridge, to his son Matthew. Since then, the Maroons have continued their blockbusting in new areas of the city connected to other business ventures. But the tone and the family's tactics have softened. They've held public events. They reached a community agreement with Southwest Detroit that clearly defines where they can build and where they can't. And earlier this summer, they tore down the bridge to nowhere and Michigan Central. Oh, boy. Ford Motor Company spent nearly a billion dollars renovating it and turned it into a tech hub and tourist destination with a luxury hotel on the way. They turned the whole project into a major community effort. And they even welcomed the station's looters to return the historic stuff they stole, no questions asked. And many did. When the building reopened last year, it included a public exhibit of all that repatriated loot. A reopening concert brought out Detroit's finest musicians like Eminem, Diana Ross and Jack White. Between the new bridge and Michigan Central reopening, there are a lot of reasons for Detroiters to celebrate the city right now. In 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy in American history. But from this embarrassing failure Things started looking up. New people and businesses have moved in, and developers reshaped the city at lightning speed. The new bridge has been part of that excitement. Here's John Gallagher.

[Roman Mars]

It's a generational change where some younger people came in, some people who didn't have the same negative image of the city that maybe their parents had had or something. And the city just began to turn around and, you know, by 2015, 2020, it was pretty apparent that a lot of great stuff was happening.

[Narrator/Reporter]

It's hard not to see the shift in attitudes around Detroit. When I interviewed Kathy Wendler at a Michigan welcome center, she excitedly pointed through the window to the sidewalk outside, not to the Ambassador Bridge, but to something else.

[Kathy Wendler]

I don't know if you just caught that couple with the two kids walking by, but at one point, this neighborhood would have never been a place where a family moved in.

[Narrator/Reporter]

For Kathy Wendler, this was a sign of what she's been fighting for over the past few decades, the revitalization of the Motor City.

[Kathy Wendler]

It's tremendous, especially for the people who held out and said, we raised our kids here, we sent them to school here. Properties that are still here are getting invested in. New construction's going on. There is hope. There's always hope. If you can live long enough, there's always hope.

[Narrator/Reporter]

For decades, the Maroons have been seen as civic villains by lots of people in Detroit. Maybe things would have turned out differently if another family had owned the bridge, but Kathy Wendler says it doesn't matter to her. There's a much simpler lesson here.

[Kathy Wendler]

International border crossing shouldn't be privately owned.

[Andrew Lapin]

The Ambassador Bridge has been in the news recently for some pretty upsetting reasons. More with Andrew Lapen after this. Blending power, poise and performance, the Range Rover Sport was designed to make an impact with a distinctly British design. The Range Rover Sport is built to take on roads anywhere. Free from unnecessary details. Its raw power and agility shine. Combining a dynamic sporting personality with elegance and agility, it delivers an instinctive drive. Its assertive stance hints at an equally refined driving performance. Defining true modern luxury, the Range Rover Sport features the latest innovations in comfort and convenience. The cabin air purification system alongside the active noise cancellation creates a new level of quality, comfort and control. Terrain Response 2 offers seven terrain modes to choose from, fine tuning the vehicle for any challenging roads ahead. A force inside and out. The Range Rover Sport is available with a choice of powerful engines, including a plug in hybrid with an estimated range of 53 miles. Build your Range Rover Sport at range rover.com ussport One of the hardest parts about B2B marketing is reaching the right audience. So when you want to reach the right professionals, use LinkedIn ads. LinkedIn has grown to a network of over 1 billion professionals and that's where it stands apart from other ad buys. You can target your buyers by job title, industry, company role, seniority, skills, company revenue, all the professionals you need to reach in one place. Stop wasting budget on the wrong audience and start targeting the right professionals only on LinkedIn ads. LinkedIn will even give you an extra $250 credit credit on your next campaign so you can try it yourself. Just go to LinkedIn.com invisible that's LinkedIn.com invisible Terms and conditions apply only on LinkedIn ads. Running your own business today means facing constant disruption. From rapidly evolving AI technologies to inflation and unpredictable political shifts. This instability can make even short term planning feel uncertain, leaving business owners feeling reactive instead of proactive. That's why growth is more important than ever and Constant Contact helps make it simple and steady. With their all in one platform, you can create and manage attention grabbing campaigns in just a few clicks. Email, text, social media events, landing pages, you name it, it's all in one place. Constant Contact's AI Content generator helps you turn a rough idea into a ready to go message faster than ever. And with hundreds of customizable templates, it's easy to make something that looks and reads like your brand. You also get automated sending, real time reporting and tools that actually help drive sales. So you're not just marketing your business, you're growing it. Get a free 30 day trial when you go to constant contact.com try constant contact free for 30 days at constant contact.com constant contact.com looking to elevate your space with timeless style? Arkle makes it easy to create a stylish, long lasting home at an unbeatable price. Their curated collection of mid century modern, coastal and Scandi inspired pieces not only stand out, but also pair seamlessly with other article products with a focus on high quality timeless designs. Every piece is built to last. The main part of my house is one big room. So all my article furniture that I've gathered over the past, I don't know, decade or so all is sitting there together. And they weren't bought together, they weren't sort of intended to go together, but they all work together. It's the greatest and every single one is still like in active use. In my house article is offering our listeners $50 off your first purchase of $100 or more. They're having their Labor Day sale from August 21st to September 2nd, which would be the perfect time to use your store credit on top of sale prices. To claim, visit article.com99 and the discount will be automatically applied at checkout. That's article.com99 for $50 off your first purchase of $100 or more. So I'm here with producer Andrew Lapin. Hey, Andrew.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Hey, Roman.

[Andrew Lapin]

So you live in Michigan and how often do you actually use the Ambassador Bridge?

[Narrator/Reporter]

All right, well, I'm not a long.

[Sam Butler]

Haul trucker, so I'm not using it all the time. But whenever I go into Canada, yeah, I do pay my fair share of coin to Maroon Enterprises. A few weeks ago, the family and I took a trip to Toronto. We drove over the bridge, we paid our toll, and then we sat through the customary eight to 10 traffic lights that separate the bridge from the Trans Canadian highway on the Windsor side. So we got the full trucker experience.

[Andrew Lapin]

And so how excited are you for the new Gordie Howe bridge to open?

[Sam Butler]

I think this is really cool. Everybody here is talking about it. I should add that, like, Gordie Howe was also the originator of the phrase elbows up, which has become this, like, Canadian anti Trump rallying cry, which I just think is kind of funny in the current moment. We did recently hear that even though it was slated to open up this fall, it might actually get delayed until next year. That's looking like more and more of a distinct possibility. And that's because the Canadian government, which is paying for all the construction, has not yet fully built out the entry ramps. So even though the bridge itself is, they say, 98% complete, something like that, some of the surrounding infrastructure isn't quite there yet.

[Andrew Lapin]

Wow. There really is nothing easy about the infrastructure bridging these two countries at this point, is there?

[Sam Butler]

No. I guess that's why they only do it once every hundred years.

[Andrew Lapin]

So one of the reasons we wanted to do this story about the Ambassador Bridge is that it's been in the news recently. So could you fill us in on some of the recent developments?

[Sam Butler]

Yeah, for sure. It's been in the news for a pretty dark reason. So the Ambassador is obviously an international crossing, and there's been a lot of focus in this new Trump administration on the border and on various international crossings, mostly on the southern border, but also.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Here in the north.

[Sam Butler]

We just had Kristi Noem, Trump's Homeland Security secretary, in town recently doing an.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Event called Secure Our Northern Border, where.

[Sam Butler]

She claimed that gang members from south and Central America might be plotting to cross the Ambassador. And I don't really know how likely that is, but concurrent with that, we have seen increased detainments of migrants at the bridge, mostly by customs and Border Patrol, but also increasingly by ice.

[Andrew Lapin]

So there has been more activity at the Canadian border. I mean, we mostly hear about news on the southern border, but the Canadian border is also showing a lot of activity.

[Sam Butler]

Yeah. And at the Ambassador, there's, like, this unusual twist to it that is so strange, which is that this bridge, it's not particularly well marked. Like, only in the last several years has it actually connected directly with the highway. And the signs that tell you you're going onto the bridge come at you really fast. And it's sort of notorious because it says, bridge to Canada. No re entry to the US and so if you take that, you are stuck. You. You. You kind of have to go over the bridge. There was a Detroit Free Press investigation recently that found. Oh, actually, there is a way that is completely unmarked where if you make this turn, you don't have to go on the bridge and pay the toll, but most people just don't know about it. So they're pushed into the bridge, into this toll lane, they're forced into Canada, they have to turn back around, which means they have to get processed by border security.

[Andrew Lapin]

And.

[Sam Butler]

And we've just seen a lot of migrants get nabbed this way since the start of the year. Like, a lot of people make this turn by accident. But just in the first part of this year, from January to March, this statistic came out that more than 210 people were detained at this bridge crossing, and more than 90% of them had.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Crossed onto the bridge by accident.

[Andrew Lapin]

90%. Oh, my God.

[Narrator/Reporter]

Yeah.

[Sam Butler]

This is a number that comes from the American Civil Liberties Union of Michigan and the offices of Rashida Tlaib, who's a Detroit congresswoman who made this congressional visit in April to this detention site right next to the bridge that's run by cbp. So I spoke recently with someone at the Michigan Immigrant Rights Center. They're a legal group that helps immigrants in the state. So they worked with the ACLU to get these numbers, which they say come directly from CBP, including that stat about more than 90% crossing it by accident. We don't really know how many people have been detained in this manner since March. So since then, I've been told that, you know, CBP has kind of stopped holding migrants in these windowless detention facilities, but that's only because they've farmed out the responsibility of holding the migrants to ice, which is using this privatized facility at the other end of the state.

[Andrew Lapin]

Oh, my God. So have any news stories leaked out about who is getting detained and you know what the tragedy of their detainment is all about?

[Sam Butler]

Yeah, there are some pretty horrifying stories here just to give you a sense of just how incidental all this tends to happen. There was this one mother with her family, and they were just trying to get to Costco, but they had accidentally mapped out directions to the Costco in Windsor, which took them across the bridge, which resulted in the CBP throwing them in a detention facility for several days. And then there was this other very well publicized story from the New York Times. This Venezuelan man named Ricardo Prada Vazquez, who had been working in Detroit as a delivery driver. And so in January, actually like a few days before Trump's swearing in, Vazquez made a wrong turn onto the Ambassador Bridge and was added to a deportation list. And then, you know, months later, his family had not heard from him, and he essentially seems to have vanished from the government's records of migrants that they had deported. So there was this period of time where he seemed to have been functionally disappeared by the US Government. People just didn't know where he was. Since then, there have been reports that indicate that he was sent to Sicot, which is this notorious prison in El Salvador where Trump is sending a lot of these migrants. So he was not sent back to his country of origin, which was Venezuela. And the Department of Homeland Security has claimed that he was affiliated with gangs and that they had reason to deport him. But again, all this happened because he drove onto the Ambassador by accident.

[Andrew Lapin]

Right? I mean. I mean, it's not the bridges fault that the government has taken these sort of horrific actions against the people who crossed the border by accident. But the way I see the world is that bad design contributes to horrible decisions and everything gets more complicated and it adds to the bridges complicated legacy.

[Sam Butler]

Yeah, totally. I mean, this to me, feels like one more kind of unfortunate chapter in the history of this giant piece of infrastructure that has been managed in these very specific ways over the years and how it's sort of formed this chokehold on the livelihoods of everybody who lives around it and relies on it, because this bridge just has been the only game in town. Like, it took so much work just to get these highways to link up with the bridge. And then it took so much work recently to improve the signage that there's a big Canadian flag on it for people who, you know, may not read English or may not be able to decipher the sign quickly enough, but all of this stuff just adds to this stew of, you know, reasons why it's probably not in the best interest of the public to rely so much on the owners of this one bridge. You know, you may have heard about this other incident, these protests in 2022 where these, like Canadian truckers literally blocked the bridge for several days because they were protesting COVID vaccine mandates like nobody could get through. This was like a six day protest. And over those six days, $300 million was lost because the auto industry and all these other businesses that relied on the bridge just had literally no way to get their product across the bridge. So it helps explain why Canada was so desperate to, like, get another bridge in place here and why so many people are fed up with the fact that this one bridge has been the only economic through line between these two extremely valuable nations.

[Andrew Lapin]

Well, it's really sobering stuff and it's such a fascinating story. I'm so happy that you reported it for us. I mean, I just enjoyed the process of watching the story develop so much. So thank you for reporting it. I appreciate it.

[Sam Butler]

Thank you so much. It's been a real treat to dive into this.

[Andrew Lapin]

99% invisible was produced this week by Andrew Lapen. Andrew made a podcast called Radioactive about Detroit's inflammatory radio priest, Father Charles Coughlin. And you can check it [e-mail] Editing this week by Chris Berube, fact checking by Graham Hacha, mixed by Martin Gonzalez, music by Swan. Real special thanks this week to Thomas Klug, Ray Lozzarno, Glenn Lapin and Anna Megdell and the archival staffs at the Burton Historical Collection at the Detroit Public Library and the Bentley Library at the University of Michigan for help with research. Recording help this week from Peg Watson at Michigan Public and Eric Wazon at Solid Sound. Our executive producer is Kathy Tu. Our senior editor is Delaney Hall. Kurt Kolstead is the digital director. The rest of the team includes Jason De Leon, Emmett Fitzgerald, Christopher Johnson, Vivian Lesh, Madonna, Jacob Medina Gleason, Kelly Prime, Joe Rosenberg, and me, roman Mars. The 99% invisible logo was created by Stefan Lawrence. We are part of the SiriusXM podcast family now headquartered six blocks north in the Pandora building in beautiful uptown Oakland, California. You can find us on Blue sky as well as our own Discord server. You can find all of our past [e-mail] the new summer merch collection is here and I don't mean to shock you, but you will find new 99% invisible swimsuits, like trunks and one piece bodysuits. You might say, God, that's ridiculous. And everyone I've like presented this to is going, wow, that's really weird. And then they go, but like, if you do do them, can I have one? We also have some limited gems like exclusive Power broker Merch and signed copies of the book the 99% Invisible City. Supplies are limited and once they're gone, they are gone. Visit SiriusXMstore.com Invisible and use code 99PI25 for 25% off. Design is everywhere, including T shirts and beanies and yes, swimsuits.