Transcript
Dr. Joy Hardin Bradford (0:00)
This is Dr. Joy Hardin Bradford from Therapy for Black Girls. You know that Amazon has millions of books, so you can find one that gives you just the reading feeling you're looking for. You know, like if you're looking for a relaxed feeling, like with a beach read, Amazon has got it covered. Or if you're looking for more of a terrified ah with evil twins or things lurking in the woods or something, Amazon's got you. I mean, even if you want an aw teen romance, Amazon has it covered too. Amazon Books. That reading feeling awaits.
Aaron Manke (0:41)
Welcome to Erin Menke's Cabinet of Curiosities, a production of iHeartRadio and Grim and Mild. Our world is full of the unexplainable. And if history is an open book, all of these amazing tales are right there on display, just waiting for us to explore. Welcome to the Cabinet of Curiosities. If you ask the average American what they know about Catherine the Great of Russia, they'll probably say nothing. And that's a shame, because she was one of the more effective rulers in Russian history. Catherine the Great was actually Prussian and her original name was Sophie. After she married into the Russian royal bloodline, she quickly took power and transformed the country from a stalled feudal state into a modern imperial power. But that's only the tip of the iceberg. It's ironic that Americans don't know much about Catherine because they might just owe her their country. The story of Catherine's involvement in the American revolution starts in 1775 with a man named Sir Robert Gunning. He was the British ambassador to Russia at the time and he was given a difficult request, Russian military aid in America. It was a tricky situation for two reasons. For one, Sir Robert needed to keep the British monarch, King George III from looking like he was begging. And second, he really needed the request to be granted. The Americans were doing much better than expected in the war. They had both France and Spain on their side. Sir Robert and his colleagues carefully drew up a 10 point treaty to present to the Russians, clarifying everything from the number of troops they were asking for to how much the troops would be paid. They wanted to come across as competent and authoritative. Gunning first met with Catherine's foreign policy advisor, Nikita Panini, who gave Sir Robert the impression that England's request would be granted. Why shouldn't two monarchs help each other out? But the matter still needed to be approved by Catherine herself. Sir Robert met with her and Nikita, expecting to finalize the details of the arrangement. But he failed to realize that Catherine had other plans. She treated the request with some shock, and she would never agree to send troops to America. She thought that the whole America business was embarrassing. How could George have allowed it to spiral so out of control? Nikita feigned shock as well, claiming that he thought the request was to send troops to Spain and not America. To add insult to injury, Catherine dictated a letter for Sir Robert to deliver directly to King George. She used over the top language to make it clear to her fellow monarch where she stood. She addressed it to my brother and claimed that the American Revolution was, and I quote, a rebellion which no foreign power supports. Even so, she gave a firm no in writing. Nor can I stop thinking about what should have resulted from our own dignity if two monarchies and two nations had thus joined of our forces simply to calm a rebellion. In other words, she thought it would look tacky for two monarchs to team up just to defeat the Americans. Little did Sir Robert know he was caught up in a larger web that Catherine was weaving. Catherine wasn't necessarily for or against the Americans. She followed the principles of the Enlightenment, which was an intellectual movement in Europe at the time, emphasizing reason over superstition and the rights of the common man within a monarchy. So while she wouldn't have believed in the revolutionary concept of American democracy, she would have seen George's heavy taxation of the Americans as misrule. She also saw the opportunity to broker peace in Europe by refusing to support the English. She further isolated them as they were already at war with France and Spain. You may have wondered why so few foreign powers intervened in the American revolution. Well, in 1780, Catherine formed the League of Armed Neutrality, a diverse coalition of nations like Denmark, Sweden, Portugal and the Ottoman Empire that agreed to protect one another's shipping interests. And they all agreed not to enter the war on either side. By 1783, England had no real allies and they agreed to end the war with both America and France. The United States was born and there was peace in Europe. Catherine had established herself as a major player in European politics. Perhaps she would have behaved differently if she had known how the future would unfold as centuries later, the United States is Russia's greatest international rival. Oh, how curious history can be.
