Q&A: Should I Sell One Property to Pay Off Another?

Summary

Podcast Summary: Afford Anything | Make Smart Money Choices

Episode: Q&A: Should I Sell One Property to Pay Off Another?
Date: May 12, 2026
Host: Paula Pant with guest co-host Joe Salsihai

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Episode Overview

This episode centers on real-life questions from listeners navigating the intersection of personal finance, investing, and lifestyle design. The main focus is a deep dive into a listener’s dilemma: Should she sell one rental property to pay off another? The hosts also tackle nuanced issues around property cap rates, retirement account rules, and tax-optimized withdrawal strategies, using the questions as vehicles to discuss frameworks for smarter decision-making and long-term wealth building.

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Main Listener Question: Selling One Property to Pay Off Another

Caller Dilemma: Melissa’s Situation ([01:49])

Melissa, a member of the FIRE (Financial Independence Retire Early) community, retired at 49 and lives on the income from three rental properties:

• Rental 1: Fourplex in New Hampshire, doubled in value in 5 years, cash flows $2,000–2,500/month.
• Rental 2: Triplex in Massachusetts, doubled in seven years, cash flows ~$3,500/month.
• Rental 3: Paid-off condo, currently rented to her sister.

She considers selling her New Hampshire property to fully pay off the Massachusetts triplex. This would:

• Keep her monthly cash flow roughly the same (since the income lost equals the mortgage payment she’d eliminate),
• Free up emergency reserves,
• Reduce headaches and future variations in cash flow.

She asks: “Should I sell the New Hampshire fourplex to pay off the Massachusetts triplex, or hold both for the next five years? What else should I consider?” ([04:29])

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Paula & Joe’s Key Insights

The Core Decision ([04:46])

• Paula: “If you are optimizing for lifestyle and peace of mind, then sell. If you are optimizing for wealth accumulation over the long term, then hold.” ([04:46])
• Joe: “Selling is just a safer approach. If she wants to have freedom from worry, then I think paying off that mortgage makes a lot of sense.” ([05:09])

Leverage and Wealth Building ([05:38])

• Joe: “Right now she has leverage working in her favor… leverage during good times works in your favor, and in bad times, it really works against you… leverage in this case can help her continue to build the empire.” ([05:38])
• Paula: Playing devil’s advocate: “If she sells it, she’s unlikely to find anything as good. You know this property… you have a deep knowledge of this property… that’s a level of certainty that can’t be replaced.” ([05:59])

Age, Timeline, and Assumptions ([07:50])

• Melissa is 55 and plans to sell at 60.
• Paula: “At 55, many buy-and-hold investors might be thinking about holding for the next 30 years… So why sell at 60?” ([08:32], [09:00])
• Joe: “If you’re going to do it at 60, do it now… what’s special about that age?” ([09:15])

Peace of Mind vs. Wealth Accumulation ([12:27])

• Joe: “Cutting it in half and not having to worry about it... it’s still going to be a valuable piece of her portfolio. It’s a nice diversifier away from the stock market.” ([11:15])
• Paula: “From a wealth building point of view, especially given how young she is, I would rather she hold on to it. But peace of mind has benefits that can’t be expressed on a spreadsheet.” ([12:45])
• “This comes down to: do you want peace of mind or do you want additional wealth building? Whichever is your higher priority—that’s your answer.” ([13:43])

Modeling and the Math ([13:50])

• Joe: “Model it out and see—often, when you can show the long-term effects, it turns out to be less risky than you initially thought.” ([13:50])
• Paula: “You’ve got $800,000 in retirement assets… why not have a diversifier and hold onto a property into your 80s?” ([16:09])

Final Thought ([18:00])

• Both recommend mapping your values and long-term plan: “If you value certainty and peace of mind, sell; if you value maximizing wealth, hold.”
  Memorable Quote:
  Paula: “Peace of mind has benefits that can’t be expressed on a spreadsheet.” ([12:45])

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Next Listener Questions: Cap Rates & Retirement Accounts (Vaughn, [25:33])

1. Cap Rates: Single Family vs. Multifamily ([27:31])

Vaughn’s Question

• Does cap rate = total return for multifamily, since value is income-driven?
• Is single-family valuation more emotionally/market driven?

Paula’s Framework ([27:42])

• Flip Vaughn’s assumption: Cap rate and valuation are most closely tied in multifamily, less so for single-family.
• Multifamily: “You’re buying a business, you value it at some multiple of its returns… that’s why the cap rate in a multi-unit has a very close relationship with valuation.” ([28:24])
• Single-family: “Most likely buyer is an owner-occupant making an emotional decision, so cap rate is less relevant in setting selling price.” ([29:40])
• Joe’s Example: Joe just added a “dumb (but awesome)” addition to his house purely for lifestyle—a move making no investment sense but perfect sense emotionally ([30:38]-[33:04]).

Notable Moment

Joe’s humorous “fireplace to fire pit” room and the realization that ‘primary home upgrades’ are for love, not for money ([32:05]).

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2. Why Are IRA Contribution Limits Lower than 401(k)? ([34:24])

Vaughn’s Suggestion/Complaint

• Why not allow individuals to contribute up to the 401(k) limit into a single IRA, instead of the lower IRA cap and many legacy employer plans?

Joe’s Analysis ([34:35])

• Pure conjecture, but likely a legislative artifact (“maybe [Congress] see[s] it as a carrot to keep employment numbers higher” ([35:53])).
• Practical focus: “Don’t spend time on how unfair the system is. Use the rules as they are and optimize within them.” ([37:09])

Paula’s Mindset Guidance ([37:09])

• “We like to focus on what is…plan a life inside our locus of control given the reality of the present situation.” ([37:09])

Notable Quip

“Vaughn’s thought about it way more than Congress has.” – Joe ([36:15])

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Final Listener Question: Should I Pause (Mega Backdoor) Roth to Max Taxable Accounts? (Layla, [43:48])

Layla’s Background

• Late 30s, with husband; early retirees targeting ~$150k/year spend at age 50.
• Portfolio: $400k in Roth, $500k pre-tax, $20k HSA, $80k taxable brokerage.
• Maximizing Mega Backdoor Roth but wonders if she should direct new savings to taxable brokerage for early-access flexibility, especially since they're in the 35% marginal tax bracket.
• AI chatbots like Claude & Gemini advise pausing Roth for tax savings; wants Paula & Joe’s take.

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Paula & Joe’s Answer Breakdown

Roth “Superfan” Status ([46:40])

• Joe: “I am not a Roth super fan. I am a super fan of plugging the right tool into the correct solution.” ([46:52])
• Paula: “I am a Roth superfan. Absolutely. Roth it up, Roth dog!” ([47:28])

When Mega Backdoor Roth May Not Be Best ([47:49])

• Mega Backdoor Roth contribution decisions require more nuance than regular Roth vs. pre-tax.
• Mega Backdoor = “whole bevy of considerations … not present” in simple payroll deductions.

Tax Optimization and Withdrawal Strategies ([48:56])

• Joe on AI: “I like the fact that you [Layla] used AI to challenge your thinking, not to give definitive answers.” ([51:37])
• AI often hallucinates; use as a data point, not gospel ([51:48], [52:06]).

Solving the Early Retirement Gap ([53:09])

• “Nine-and-a-half-year bucket”: age 50 (planned retirement) to 59.5 (penalty-free withdrawals).
• Discusses SEPP (72(t)) payments: Can create a “pension-like” payment from pre-tax assets, but must be carefully constructed ([53:28]).
• Layla doesn’t need a “huge” taxable brokerage, because Roth contributions (not gains) can be withdrawn at any time—so Roth still offers flexibility ([54:46])
• Roth conversion ladders during low-income years (post-FIRE, pre-59.5) can be ideal to access what’s now pre-tax money with less tax friction ([53:23])

Final Guidance ([56:51])

• For new savings, Roth still makes sense if you may not need all the returns early.
• Taxable brokerage gives more flexibility, but only offers a tax advantage on gains.
• Model your specific income and withdrawal needs for years 50–59.5 to decide optimal split.
  Key Takeaway: “The important reframing is: how do we solve for the nine–and–a–half year bucket?” ([59:13])

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Memorable Quotes & Moments

• Paula: “Peace of mind has benefits that can’t be expressed on a spreadsheet.” ([12:45])
• Joe: “Vaughn’s thought about it way more than Congress has.” ([36:15])
• Paula, to Joe: “You’ve designed a room where you go from the fireplace to the fire pit… Joe’s a secret pyromaniac.” ([32:41])
• Joe (on Roth): “When you put the word mega on it, it could be too much of a good thing.” ([47:49])
• Paula (framing): “We like to focus on what is…not what should be. How do we plan a life with the conditions on the field, right now?” ([37:09])

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Timestamps for Key Segments

• [01:49] – Melissa’s detailed question about selling vs. holding properties
• [04:46] – Paula & Joe’s first impressions and frameworks
• [07:50–13:50] – Deep-dive on leverage, peace of mind, future plans, age, modeling scenarios
• [25:33] – Vaughn’s cap rate and retirement plan questions
• [27:42–34:14] – Discussion of cap rates (single-family vs. multifamily) with real-life/lifestyle examples
• [34:24] – Discussion of contribution limits (IRA vs 401k), policy, and practical mindset
• [43:48] – Layla’s early retirement and Mega Backdoor Roth dilemma, withdrawal strategies
• [53:09–59:13] – Mechanisms for early withdrawals, Roth conversion ladders, “nine-and-a-half-year bucket” solution

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Actionable Takeaways

• Selling to Pay Off: Prioritize what you want more—peace of mind or maximum future wealth; use scenario modeling to see the long-term effects before deciding.
• Cap Rate Wisdom: Cap rate closely ties to value in multifamily (investment-driven); not so much in single-family (emotion-driven).
• Retirement Rules: Don’t get hung up on the rules’ logic—use the existing playbook to your advantage.
• Roth vs. Taxable for FIRE: For early retirement, balance Roth (with contribution flexibility and conversion ladders) and taxable brokerage to cover years before standard retirement age. Don’t let “tax optimization” overrule practical withdrawal needs.

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Closing Notes

Paula and Joe encourage listeners to define their own success metrics and align financial decisions with values and desired lifestyle, not just spreadsheet math. As always, they end by inviting further questions and direct listeners to Paula’s upcoming real estate webinar ([18:13], [59:35]).

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Share this episode with someone who could use clarity around big money decisions—maybe even your congressperson, IRA administrator, or your favorite Uber driver!

Transcript

[A]

Joe, your son invests in rental properties.

[B]

He does.

[A]

How many does he have now?

[B]

He still owns 14, but he does it also as a full time job flipping, which, as you know, is a full time job. That's why we don't recommend a lot of people do it because of the fact that it is a job. So he's holding on to 14. He flips a couple at a time and makes a good living out of it.

[A]

That's amazing. Well, we are going to hear from someone who, like me, has seven units, but she's thinking about cutting them in half.

[B]

Oh, wait a minute. Then she'd only have seven half units.

[A]

Well, I guess, I guess technically she would have three and a half units.

[B]

It's like I never stayed. When people say they have, you know, the average American has two and a half kids, you're like, I feel bad for the half kid.

[A]

Right. Or, you know, two and a half bathrooms. I mean, I guess like a half bathroom is a thing, but it's always

[B]

I get the half bath.

[A]

Right. I don't. Yeah, I still don't quite get that. I. I understand what it means, but it just sounds like funny terminology. A half of a bath.

[B]

I know this one kid who lost his whole left side and now he's all right.

[A]

Oh, okay, let's go. Let's cut to the intro. Welcome to the Afford Anything podcast, the show that knows you can afford anything. Not everything. This show covers five pillars. Financial psychology, increasing your income, investing, real estate, and entrepreneurship. It's double I fire I, your host, Paula pant. And the guy cracking lame jokes is a former financial planner. Believe it or not, someone let this guy be a financial planner. Joe Salsihai.

[B]

I'm so proud of myself because just when you thought they couldn't get dumber

[A]

like you go do something like this and totally redeem yourself.

[B]

I'm so proud.

[A]

And we're gonna cut to our first question which comes from Melissa.

[C]

Hi, Paula.

[B]

And Joe.

[C]

I would love your help thinking through a decision I'm grappling with on if I should continue to hold a long term rental or sell it. I was able to retire early about six years ago at the age of 49, partially with the great advice I've gotten from this show. I've been supporting myself through the cash flow of three rental properties and living a dream life, pursuing traveling and new interests. My goal has been to hold them and live off the rents until about the age of 60, which is five years from now, and then sell them and invest the equity and live off of that plus my retirement funds. So here's the dilemma. I own a fourplex in New Hampshire which has done pretty well. The property has doubled in value in the five years I've owned it. The cash flow is about $2,000 to $2,500 a month depending on repairs and vacancy. My second rental is local to me in Massachusetts. It's a triplex. It's also doubled in value in the last seven years I've owned it. I cash flow about $3,500 a month, give or take. I keep 50,000 in a high yield savings account for capex for these two properties so that my cash flow stays more even. My current thinking is to consider selling rental one in New Hampshire and with the proceeds after fees, taxes, recaptured, depreciation, I should end up with the perfect amount to fully pay off rental 2 near me in Massachusetts. The cash flow I would lose on the New Hampshire rental is almost exactly the same as the principal and interest I would no longer have to pay in Massachusetts. So my monthly cash flow would be very similar. Plus I would have the capex cash that I'm holding for emergencies freed up. The pros I see are that I would be debt free, have a similar monthly income without worrying about income variations due to repairs and vacancy and fewer headaches from a tenant and building point of view. The cons I see are the loss of future potential rental increases and appreciation that I might be giving up on this property by selling now. My bias has been to sell as the pros seem secure and the cons based on speculation. A few other details that you might want to know. My third rental is paid off. It's a condo I used to live in. My sister rents it and I'd like to hold it for now. The proceeds from the rentals are enough for me to comfortably live on and I have a little side hustle that gives me spending money for travel and other fun things. I could always push that more if I need to. I have about 800,000 in retirement between Roth and 401, 250,000 in a brokerage and 50,000 as I mentioned in high yield savings. So should I sell the New Hampshire fourplex and pay off the Massachusetts triplex or hold them both for the next five years? Is there anything else I'm missing or that you would consider in making this decision? I appreciate hearing from both of you and everything you've done for the community and thank you from a successfully fired member of our community.

[A]

Melissa, Congratulations on the real estate portfolio. Congratulations on being fire And I stand corrected. Melissa has eight units, not seven.

[B]

She added one between the time that you said it and the time she finished the question. That's fantastic.

[A]

I'm going to cut to the chase with the answer. If you are optimizing for lifestyle and peace of mind, then sell. If you are optimizing for wealth accumulation over the long term, then hold.

[B]

That's so funny and better stated than the way I was going to say nearly exactly the same thing.

[A]

And, Joe, you and I did not talk about our answers in advance.

[B]

Not at all. No. I. I think that selling it is just a safer approach. It's a smoother glide path. And if she wants to have freedom from worry, then I think paying off that mortgage makes a lot of sense to me. The downside is exactly what you're talking about, which is right now she has leverage working in her favor. And as you know, leverage during good times works in your favor, and in bad times, it really works against you.

[D]

But.

[B]

But leverage in this case really can help her continue to build the empire more and more and more. So I get excited about keeping leverage in a lot of cases, but this is one that, just based on her question, I think she's asking if. If it's okay to sell it. And I'd say it's a much safer path to sell it.

[A]

I'm just going to play devil's advocate for a moment. If she sells it, she's unlikely to find anything as good as. And I say that for a number of reasons. First, there's that better the devil you know, Melissa, you know this property. You know its ins and outs, you know its water heaters, you know its windows, you know the. The problems that it's likely to have, and you know the problems that it has recently addressed. Like you, you have a. As all rental property owners do, you have a very deep knowledge of this property as a result of having held it for so long. And there's a certain level of certainty when you have that property knowledge. Surprises are less surprising because absent Black Swan events, you can reasonably anticipate things that go wrong in a property that you know so deeply. That's a B. You bought it at a time when the price was a lot lower, which means your debt payments on it are going to be a lot lower. The mortgage, the interest rate, all of that is just going to be a heck of a lot prettier based on the time that you bought it than it is now. That doesn't mean that you shouldn't or can't buy now in fact, on the contrary, now is a great time to be a buyer because of the fact that there are so few buyers in the market. If you're optimizing for certainty, by definition, when you're buying something new, you are wading into uncertainty in a way that you've already done. Right. You already waded into that uncertainty once. So if you exited out of it, the question is, you know, would you ever in the future change your mind and then wade back into that uncertainty again?

[B]

Yeah. I do think that if she's out, she's getting out.

[A]

If she's out, she's out for good. And that's where I hesitate. Because, Melissa, you're young. Six years ago you were 49. That means you're about 55. Depending on when your birthday falls within the year for discussion purposes, we can say that you're 55.

[B]

Again, genius at math.

[A]

I know, right?

[B]

She owes us to flex her math chops on this show.

[A]

That SAT score,

[B]

if you add six to that bamboo, you're around 55. But. No, I get where you're going. Yeah. She is young and, you know, a real estate portfolio can really drive some really nice results over long periods of time.

[A]

Yeah, exactly. And, Melissa, you said something in your question that I thought was really interesting. You asked about holding for the next five years and that kind of. That like, ding, ding, ding in my brain when you said it, because it illuminates a fundamentally different assumption than a lot of other buy and hold investors have, because there are many buy and hold investors who at the age of 55, might be thinking about holding for the next 30 years.

[B]

That's what I was thinking. It's so funny, Paula. When I heard the question, it threw me for a loop that she was going to sell it at age 60 at this. And I don't know if she attached it to like some traditional retirement age or something. That was a reason why she would,

[A]

like, why 60, maybe 50. Nine and a half, maybe next one.

[B]

Which, by the way, four and a half years. Oh, two can play this game, Paula. But I did wonder why, like, what's special about that age? That's a question that I really wanted to ask.

[A]

Yeah, I had the same thought. And the reason I flagged that as interesting is because it illuminates a certain assumption about the role that these properties will play in your life as you move into your 60s, 70s, 80s. I know a lot of people who assume that when they get to their 80s, they might start selling off their rental portfolio because at that point the focus becomes estate planning. They may not have heirs who want to manage those properties. And so in your 80s moving into market based investments, moving to some combination of stocks and bonds so that estate planning can run more smoothly makes sense. That, that being said, you could also make the argument that in your 80s holding onto your property so that your heirs can have a step up basis also makes sense. So we can nobody, there's a question nobody asked. We can really debate which is the better strategy in your 80s.

[B]

Yeah. And you know what's funny? This is actually even part of the and why I in my notes here it says I can play both sides of this.

[A]

Yeah, Maybe in your 80s you hold your properties for the step up basis. Anyway, all of that is to say that's a conversation that I hear a lot of buy and hold investors have when they're thinking about what to do with their properties when they reach very old age. But I can't think of an obvious reason why a person would sell their properties upon turning 60 or 59 and a half. Unless it is. No, no, I can't quite think of it.

[B]

If you're going to do it at 60, do it, do it now. I do know that a lot of go go real estate investors, they would see it as horrible to decrease the amount of leverage to keep this rocket moving. But I don't think there's anything wrong with having a kinder, slower moving real estate portfolio because it's still at half the size it is now. It's still going to be a valuable piece of her portfolio. It's a nice diversifier away from the stock market. Like even though returns are very good, they work differently than the stock market does often. And so cutting it in half and not having to worry about it. I would be interested, I'm interested in two things. This is the last note that I had was I don't know what kind of cash flow overall she's looking for in the future. She talked about the side hustle and how she could do more if she has to. But how much cash flow is she looking to maintain? What is she trying to achieve lifestyle wise and would it be harder to support? Because it sounds like from everything she said it's a wash. Right. She's going to take the equity and it's going to be a wash. Yeah,

[A]

I mean from a cash flow perspective it's a wash. But you're right from an appreciation perspective. From a wealth building perspective, there are so many ways that rental properties contribute to your overall net worth that is beyond Simply the cash flow, right?

[B]

Well, your future expectations are going to go down if she gets rid of it, right?

[A]

Exactly. From a wealth building point of view, I, I don't love the idea of selling it from a strictly speaking wealth building point of view, especially given how young she is, I would rather that she hold on to it. But I also recognize that there's a peace of mind trade off that comes with that. And peace of mind has benefits that can't be expressed on a spreadsheet. And so that's why I really think this comes down to do you want peace of mind or do you want additional wealth building? And whichever of the two is your higher priority, that one is your answer. And Jo, since she has eight units, it kind of renders. If she sells a four plex, cuts it in half, that puts us at a clean four. So it renders our entire opening joke sequence moot.

[B]

But we had to do it anyway, right?

[A]

The 2.5 kids, the half bath.

[B]

I did have one last point, which is, while Melissa has done a good job saving, and I'm so glad that she was able to get to financial independence when she shared the amount of money that she has outside of these two properties, she obviously has a good chunk of her net worth locked up in these two properties. You know, I start thinking about the conversation we had last week around safe withdrawal rates, and I start thinking about what percentage of her portfolio she's has to withdraw for living expenses. And that may also cloud my judgment because of the fact that I think this idea of modeling, modeling how things would go over time if she kept it or if she got rid of it, I think that would be valuable in this case. Don't you like, model it out and just see? Because often by keeping the unit in New Hampshire, it's going to be a rougher ride. And yet what I found was that if you can model it and see the results often, Paula, when you can give people a different perspective of these same numbers, if you can take the data and show the long term effects, it often would turn an investor's viewpoint so that they see it as maybe much more safe to keep it because they know that their freedom from worry is truly wrapped up in the fact that they have leverage on both of these places and they're growing their net worth fast enough that it continues to fuel a very nice financial independent journey versus struggling along. And I don't know that, but I do think that modeling it often helps people tolerate what they initially saw as risk initially as being far less risky. In terms of their approach.

[A]

Hey, Joe, sorry, I'm just thinking about this right now. I want to go back to our earlier conversation about selling the properties at the age of 60.

[B]

Okay. Yeah, we still wonder.

[A]

Well, so the reason I'm still thinking about it is because the, the timeline feels arbitrary.

[B]

Because it's invested now.

[A]

Right?

[B]

It's invested now. And if she turns and invests it in exchange traded bonds or a collection of indexes, whatever it might be, it's just going from one investment to a lateral investment. And I'm not sure, I'm not sure why. Is it liquidity? And that's what made me question cash flow. Paula, is this a cash flow thing where she's going to want to bump up her ability to have more liquid assets?

[A]

Yeah, I don't know. But I agree, Jo, the money is already invested. It's already performing. Well, I certainly understand, regardless of age, I certainly understand that a person might want the peace of mind that comes from debt reduction independent of age. I get that. But I just don't see any reason why, Melissa, why you wouldn't hold this into your 80s, hold one or both of these properties into your 80s, since at a minimum, I mean, you already have 800,000 in retirement assets. Assuming rule of 72, that's going to double to 1.6 million. If we assume an 8% average market returns, that would double in the next nine years. So why not have a diversifier or hold onto a diversifier so that you've got nine years from now, assuming 8% returns, you've got 1.6 million in brokerage and then you've also got either one or both of these properties and then that can lead you into your 70s and 80s. So yeah, I'll throw that one out there for consideration. Why not hold on for a lifetime? Jo, that was the opposite of the question she asked.

[B]

Leave it to us to cover every angle.

[A]

Right? Well, Melissa, I think that gives you your answer. And again, congratulations on what you've built. And call us back and let us know what you decide to do.

[B]

I would love to know how this goes.

[A]

Yeah. Before we take a break to hear from our sponsors, Joe, I have an announcement. Oh, announcement. Tonight, tonight, tonight I am hosting a webinar on investing in real estate.

[B]

Fantastic.

[A]

Tonight, Tuesday, May 12, this webinar you can sign up for free. It's totally free. Afford anything.com rentals 2026 and I'll talk all about investing in the 2026 market. Being a new buyer, being a first time buyer in the 2026 market or being somebody who already has properties and wants more. All of that, like a deep dive into investing in 2026 is what I am covering. You can sign up for it@ affordanything.com rentals2026. It's tonight.

[B]

And I think it's really important if you've never vested in real estate before, to make sure that you're hearing from the right people. And as a guy who used to have a real estate podcast, I'll say that there are so many horrible voices in the world of real estate. So I think it's very important to know who the voices are that you should be listening to, how to make sure that you stay out of trouble. As an example, I mentioned earlier, Paula, that my son is flipping houses. I saw some people on TikTok talking about that's the place to start. That is 100% the last place you want to be. The last place you want to, especially when you start out, because you're going to make mistakes.

[A]

Yeah.

[B]

And so having the right mentorship, the right training, and staying away from these what could potentially be huge pitfalls into something that once you build it, man, it can be a real machine for you. It can be really nice. It can be much easier than people think that it is. Much easier, certainly, than I made it. So I would encourage everyone to. To show up tonight.

[A]

Yeah. And, Joe, I know you've been really inspired by watching what your son has done.

[B]

I have, a lot. And what's cool is watching him at the beginning turn what were big mistakes into his biggest strengths. Because now he knows from learning from those mistakes, like building your team. Super important, right? Building systems. There's so much automation you can have that he didn't have before. And to learn all those things and not have to go through the mistakes that he made, I think would be a huge leg up for people.

[A]

Beautiful. Well, yes, we'll be talking about how to invest in 2026, how to get started in this market with high prices, interest rates, inflation, all of the things that are specific to this market. We're going to talk about how to get through it, how to say, yes, I'm going to do it. And here's how we're going to dive into that. Tonight, Tuesday, May 12th. It's free. Sign up at affordanything.com rentals2026. All right, we're going to take a break to hear from the sponsors who make the show possible. And when we return, we're going to hear a question from Vaughan Vaughn actually has two questions. One is about cap rates on rental properties, how that applies to single family versus multifamily. It's a very interesting discussion. The second is about retirement account contribution limits. We're going to hear both of those questions coming up next. If you felt stuck trying to lose weight, you're not alone. Enter Weight Loss by Hers. It's designed to help support you in reading, reaching your goals and hers now offers access to an affordable range of FDA approved GLP1 medications, including the WeGovy pill at its lowest price ever and the Wegovy pen. Everything is 100% online. Through hers, you'll connect with a licensed provider who will determine if treatment is right for you. If prescribed, your medication is delivered right to your door, no insurance necessary. And it doesn't stop there. Weight Loss by Hers goes beyond medication by offering access to 247 messaging with your career care team and tons of in app lifestyle and nutrition tips like recipes, meal plans, fitness videos, sleep content. You'll get a treatment plan personalized to you, ready to reach your goals. Visit fourhers.compaula to get personalized affordable care that gets you that's F o r h e-r s.com paula4hers.com Paula based on advertised cash price for 30 day supply of medication only, membership required, fee not included, and billed separately, Weight Loss by Hers is not available in all 50 states. WeGovy is the registered trademark of Novo Nordisk as To get started and learn more, including important safety information, WeGovy clinical study information and restrictions, visit forhers.com in business, there's no room for guesswork. Every shipment matters. Every deadline counts. When you're trying to keep operations running smoothly, the last thing you need is uncertainty. That's why reliability is at the core of USPS Ground Advantage. From the moment your package is first scanned in, it moves through a secure nationwide network, aiding in a timely and accurate delivery. You get near real time tracking so you can keep up with your shipments and with affordable upfront pricing, there are no hidden fees or surprise surcharges to throw off your cost sheets. It all adds up to predictable deliveries you can depend on, because knowing your logistics are handled lets you focus on everything else your customers, your team and the future you're building. Visit USPS.com ground advantage to start shipping with confidence. USPS Ground Advantage we mean business I'm taking a flight today and I am wearing the brushed bamboo jogger set from Cozy Earth so it's soft, it's comfortable, it's lightweight, it's breathable. It's a tapered fit. It's relaxed. It's the type of thing when you're flying and you want to be comfortable, but you also need enough structure that you can leave the house. You know, enough structure that it feels intentional. It's just a perfect outfit for that. Cozy Earth also has these lake house clogs that I really like that are great for when you're at home. They're cushioned, they're soft inside, they're cozy enough that you forget you're wearing them. And Cozy Earth pieces are built to last. They're not fast fashion. They're durable. They're something that you'll reach for years from now. Try it for yourself. Cozy Earth backs everything with a 30 day return policy. Because 30 they're confident you'll feel the difference. And if you don't, returning it is simple and they have a lifetime warranty. And a lifetime warranty on homeware is not something that you see a lot. So that type of commitment tells you something about how they're made. This spring, give yourself the kind of comfort that lives with you all day, not just the moment you get home. Head to cozyearth.com and use my code afford anything for an exclusive 20% off. That's code affordanything for an exclusive 20% off. And if you see a post purchase survey mention that you heard about Cozy Earth right here, Comfort lives here. Welcome back. Our next question comes from Vaughan.

[D]

Hi Paul and Joe. This is Vaughn from Michigan and I have two unrelated questions. My first is about cap rates. Paula often refers to cap rates as the unleveraged dividend yield on a property and says that the total return is the cap rate plus any appreciation. That makes sense to me for a single family rental where the home's value is largely driven by overall market conditions. However, am I correct in thinking that for multifamily properties, the market value is primarily determined by the property's income? If so, does that mean that the cap rate and total return would effectively be the same since any appreciation would largely come from changes in income rather than external market factors? And then my second question is about contribution limits for retirement plans. Why is there such a large gap between how much you can contribute to an IRA versus an employer sponsored plan like a 401k when both are meant to encourage retirement savings? I recently saw a statistic that the average person in the US will have around 12 jobs over their lifetime. That's a lot of different employer sponsored plans to keep track of, coordinate or rollover Wouldn't it make more sense to allow individuals to contribute up to 401k level limits in a single IRA and then have employers make matching contributions directly into that account? It seems like that approach would reduce the administrative burden for employers and simplify things for employees who would only need to manage one retirement account regardless of where they worked. Maybe the current system made more sense back when people worked for the Same company for 35 years, but it seems very outdated and inefficient in today's work environment. I'd love to hear your thoughts on both of these. Thanks for a great podcast, Paul.

[B]

A good timing on Vaughn's question about real estate. Yeah, especially with what's coming up tonight. But this idea of cap rate, does it work on multi unit properties?

[A]

Actually, Vaughn, it is the opposite of what you asked about. So you said you get how it works on single family but not on multifamily. Flip that around. Cap rate actually has a much closer relationship to the valuation of a multifamily than it does to a single family. And here's why. If a person is buying a multifamily property, they're an investor and they're looking for returns. And if you're an investor who's looking for a return, then you are going to value a property in a manner that is related to its cap rate. As an investor, you're looking for a good cap rate relative to the risk profile of the property. And when I say risk profile of the property, I mean the type of neighborhood that it's in, the condition that the property itself is in. All of those play into the risk profile of the property. As an investor, you're looking for a cap rate that is commensurate with the risk profile of that property. Certain things, you know, for if the neighborhood improves, for example, those are market based things that are outside of your individual control. If the condition of the property improves, that's called forced appreciation. That is within your as the owner, that is within your direct control. Those things do improve. They they lower the risk and therefore improve the market value of the property. But at the end of the day, the investor if you just think about buying a business, right? If you're buying any business, what are you going to look at? You're going to look at the returns on that business and then you're going to pay. Just to talk about business buying in a very simple manner, you're likely going to value the business at some multiple of its returns. Conceptually, that same thing happens when an investor buys a multi unit property. And that's why the cap rate in a multi unit has a very, very close relationship with the valuation on that multi unit. Now contrast that with a single family where the most likely buyer is going to be an owner occupant. If you're selling to owner occupants, then you're selling to people who are not making a spreadsheet based decision, they're making an emotional decision. And when you sell to people who are making an emotional decision, then it doesn't matter what the property rents for, it matters what emotional spark you can create. Now of course, neighborhood, condition of property, those, those play into that. Like you can't just bake cookies and install beautiful gleaming hardware and infinitely raise the value of the property. But we do know that baking cookies and upgrading the hardware does generally have a positive correlation to higher valuations on a single family. Why? Because you want to give an owner occupant buyer, a retail home buyer, the wow factor when they walk into that open house. That's not something that you're thinking about when you're selling a multi unit to an investor.

[B]

I mean, that's 100, right? Even in my life, I've been investing for a long, long time. And the house that we purchased was based on an emotional decision. It was where I wanted to live. It was on the block I wanted to live. Was the price right for the place that I wanted to live? Heck, we just added on. We've talked about this on the show before. You were just here. Paula, this room was stupid, right?

[A]

Your new addition.

[B]

It is not at all what you would do if you were an investor. It's the dumbest room. But Paula, is it cool?

[A]

Oh my God, it's so cool. It's so cool.

[B]

It is so much not, not the decision that you make. So it's a whole separate part of your brain. Like I made that for purely lifestyle decisions. I'm gonna live here for a long time. I want a place that's beautiful that I can go hang out in. And we hung out there almost the whole time you were here.

[A]

Just for context, everyone, Joe just built this new addition onto his home. Beautiful room. It's what is like 400 square feet.

[B]

400 square feet?

[A]

Yeah, absolutely. 400 gorgeous square feet. It's got this massive fireplace that's probably over 6ft long with this copper wall.

[B]

It is metal that was meant to rust and when we installed it, it was completely black. And now it's turning this nice copper color, which is what we're going for.

[A]

Right? And you've got a built in wine fridge. You've got an outdoor built in grill.

[B]

Yeah. A whole outdoor kitchen attached to it. This cool raised circular fire pit area. Because people that know me know how much I like hanging out at the fire pit. So it's this beautiful fire pit area. I saw the design, I thought this is stupid. And in fact, the guy that installed it said, when I saw the design, he said he thought it was stupid. And then he built mine and he went home and told his spouse, he's like, we need one of these too.

[A]

Yeah. So, yeah, Joe, you've designed a room where you go from the fireplace to the fire pit.

[B]

Right.

[A]

Joe's a secret pyromaniac.

[B]

Well, I thought when they said achieving fire, that was what it was about.

[A]

You were like the fire community.

[B]

Oh, cool. I love these people. You know how awkward that got. But I'm the only one. Only one talking about a solo stove and a gas lighter.

[A]

Oh, my God. Joe's got a flamethrower. He has a literal flamethrower.

[B]

I don't want to brag, but my friend Mike got me the world's best fire starter.

[A]

But anyway, I mean, that's a perfect example of spending that you did on a single family home, which is a primary residence that is purely for the sake of personal enjoyment and as an investment. Makes zero sense. And if you were to rent out your property, let's. Let's say that you and Cheryl decide that you want to spend a year, I don't know, traveling across Asia.

[B]

Yeah.

[A]

Right. And you decide to rent out your property there would theoretically, sure, you could take that rental income and calculate some sort of a cap rate on your property. And it's probably going to be garbage.

[B]

Could be horrible.

[A]

And the fact that that cap rate on your property is garbage has no relationship to. If you were to then sell your property the next year, it has no relationship to what you would sell that property for. Because the person buying that property is likely not going to be buying it to rent it out. They're going to be buying it because it's got this awesome fireplace that leads to a fire pit.

[B]

I love it. When we use Joe's bad financial moves as our example. Here's exhibit A of what not to do. Von.

[A]

All right, so let's talk about Vaughn's second question.

[B]

Yeah, this one I can actually chime in on in a way where I'm not the example of the person doing the.

[A]

Where you're not the cautionary tales.

[B]

That's right. Yes, Vaughn, I've often wondered this and obviously I think, Paula, any, any answer we give is going to be complete conjecture. But I think that's what Vaughn wants us to do. I strongly having thought about this, Vaughn, I'm ever bit as frustrated as you are, number one, because it does seem ridiculous that we can put so much money into a 401k or a 403b through work, even a simple plan, a solo 401k and then you get to the regular Old IRA or the regular Roth IRA and it feels so, so, so much less. And the only, the only way I can think that this actually makes sense is through the lens of if I'm a member of Congress who's going to ultimately have to put this in a bill to change the rules, why would I not do that? And I think the answer is if you tie these higher employment numbers, if you tie these higher contribution numbers to employment, that maybe they see it as a carrot to keep unemployment low. It's just another reason why people might want to go get a job.

[A]

What you don't think having a paycheck is the reason people get a job?

[B]

I would think so. But what other reason, what other reason would you have? Because there seems to be no reason. That's the only reason that I could come up with is that somebody somewhere said no. Number one. I think Von's thought about it way more than Congress has.

[A]

The. That's probably true.

[B]

That's number one. But number two, I do feel like the reason why working for an employer has all of these, quote, advantages are just multiple reasons to continue to hopefully keep employment numbers higher. But that's all I can come up with Overall though, Paula, this is why I also don't spend a lot of, of time on this. I can spend a lot of time and energy with how frustrating it is. Some of the ways that the rules are backward don't make sense and I could just get frustrated or I can not spend my time and energy really worried about that and figure out how to use the rules the way they are, which I think is a much better use of our energy than questioning why the heck.

[A]

Because why the rules are written in the way they are. But one commonality that Joe and I both have, and one thing that I think is a little rare to find in today's environment. Jo, you and I both, we like to focus on what is in a world in which people have endless conversations about what should be and people often are at, at great odds with one another about what should be to such an extent that Families are sometimes torn apart because people can't agree on a shared vision of what should be. Rather than discuss what should be, Joe and I both prefer to take a look at what is and then say, all right, given the conditions on the field at this present moment, what's the next actionable step? What do we do from here? How do we plan a life? And how do we stay inside of our own internal locus of control given the reality of the present situation at this present moment? That's our approach to life.

[B]

And it's so frustrating that that is not the prevailing wisdom. And it's how, as afforders, I think we're different. And yet I was in an Uber about a week and a half ago with the driver who kept telling me how they couldn't save any money, and that was why they were Ubering. And I thought, this is cool. This is a person trying to take control. I'm trying to work extra hours. Respect, and I'm doing the thing.

[A]

Huge respect for that.

[B]

I can be online complaining about somebody I don't know, or I can be out making stuff happen. It was really cool talking to this woman who was going to change her situation. I felt like in a short time, just by sheer force. So, Vaughn, that's not to say that I don't love the question, because I do love the question, and obviously I've kind of played at this. And then I go, you know, I can't do anything about that. I could write my congressperson and say, how come we're not focused on this?

[A]

But would I like to see IRA contribution limits increased? Heck, yeah, I would, Please.

[B]

I know that lots of members of Congress listen to the show. There you go. You'll get the afforder vote.

[A]

Higher contribution limits. Higher contributions.

[B]

What do we want? Higher contribution limits. What do we want it right now,

[A]

like, 10 years ago?

[B]

It doesn't seem to have the ring

[A]

that we're open for, but yeah, we'll workshop that. Workshop that one. All right, well, Vaughn, thank you for both questions. And please come to the webinar tonight. Again, afford anything.com rentals2026 totally free. We're going to take one final break to hear from the sponsors who make the show possible. And when we return, you know, on the topic of retirement accounts, Leila has a question about pausing Roth contributions in order to prioritize other goals. Hiring isn't just about finding someone willing to take the job. I need the right person with the right background who can move our business forward. If I wanted candidates who match what I'm looking for. I'd trust Indeed Sponsored Jobs. In fact, I did. I used Indeed Sponsored Jobs to make two hires. One was for an executive assistant and the other was for for a customer support and operations assistant. For both positions, we had the job posting up for less than 48 hours and within that time we got so many applications we got what we needed. So if you're hiring, Indeed is all you need. Give your job the best chance to be seen with Indeed Sponsored Jobs. Sponsored Jobs boosts your post for quality candidates and that makes a big difference. Sponsored Jobs posted on indeed are 90% more likely to report a hire than non sponsored Jobs, and more than 1.6 million companies sponsor their jobs with Indeed. So our two hires have both been working for us for several months now. They're great, wonderful part of the team and we found them through Indeed Sponsored Jobs. Spend more time interviewing candidates who check all your boxes. Less stress, less time, more results. Now with Indeed Sponsored Jobs and listeners of this show will get a $75 sponsored job credit to help get your job the premium status it deserves@ Indeed.com Paula just go to Indeed.com Paula right now and support our show by saying you heard about Indeed on this podcast. Indeed.com Paula Terms and conditions apply. Hiring do it the Right Way with Indeed. Most of us have some skill that we want to learn or something we want to get better at. For me last year it was negotiating because that was when I was really diving into the world of negotiation. I took the Masterclass by Chris Voss. He's a former FBI hostage negotiator. What I discovered is that negotiation that I had studied previously, which was business school negotiation, is very different from the type of negotiation that you get from an FBI hostage negotiator. Being able to get that wider lens understanding really improved my knowledge of the study of how to negotiate. That was through Masterclass. Unlike other learning platforms, Masterclass puts you in the room with people who definitely find their fields the best in the world. So you can learn about the principles of improv from Amy Poehler. You can learn about designing your dream home on a Budget with Joanna Gaines. You can learn about habits from James Clear. Plans start at just $10 a month, billed annually, and every membership comes with a 30 day money back guarantee. The thing that I'm most interested in right now is Masterclass has these classes on how to use AI to work smarter and get more done. Masterclass keeps adding new classes so there's never been a better time to get in. Right now, as a listener of this show, you can get at least 15% off any annual [e-mail] afford that's 15% [e-mail] afford head to masterclass.com afford to see the latest offer

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[A]

Welcome back. Our final question today comes from Layla

[E]

hi Paula, I know you and Joe are big fans of the Roth, but I'm wondering if there's ever a reason to stop Roth contributions in order to meet other goals. For context, I'm in my late 30s along with my husband and and we have over $400,000 in Roth accounts with a total of 1 million in non 529 investments spread between 400,000 in Roth 500,000 in pre tax, 20,000 in an HSA and only 80,000 in a brokerage account are the reason why we're able to have so many so much Roth contributions is because I have access to a mega backdoor Roth through my work which I've been maximizing for the last few years. Our goal is to retire by 50 and be able to have a spend of about $150,000 a year. We are targeting around 3.75 million to be able to do that in investments, but wondering if first for the first five years I might need more in my taxable brokerage and therefore because I can only contribute so much towards savings at this point, should I focus more my savings towards the taxable brokerage at the expense of the mega backdoor Roth? For context, we are in the 35th percentile for income taxes, so at a fairly high marginal tax rate. And this means that when I've asked Claude in Gemini, they have suggested that to meet my goals of retiring by 50 I should pause my mega backdoor Roth contributions since I'm paying a very high tax rate for that and instead redirect it to the brokerage because the 15 percentile taxable rate that I could get from a taxable brokerage withdrawal in the future would be much more optimal than the 35 percentile marginal tax rate that I'm paying right now. Curious to get yours and Joe's thoughts if you agree with the different AI chats that I've asked or if as Roth super fans, you would suggest that I really try to squeeze making that Mega backdoor Roth maximized every year.

[B]

Thank you, Layla. Thank you for the question. And before, before we answer it, Paula, can I defend at least my honor here?

[A]

Ooh, all right.

[B]

Which is. I. I'll let Paula speak for herself. I. I am not a Roth super fan. I am not a super fan of any investment. I hope to never be a super fan of any investment. I'm a super fan of plugging the right tool into the correct solution. It just happens to be that in a lot of cases, the Roth has been the correct tool. I just want to be clear. I just want to use what works.

[A]

I am a Roth super fan. Absolutely.

[B]

Totally. Roth T shirt on her Roth bug.

[A]

Yeah, exactly. Roth it up Roth dog.

[B]

Yes.

[A]

So, yeah, I am a Roth super fan. Absolutely. But that does not necessarily apply to the Mega Backdoor Roth, because with a Mega Backdoor, that's a whole different can of worms.

[B]

When you put the word mega on it, it could be too much of a good thing.

[A]

Yeah. You know, it's bigger than a can. It's a bucket of worms, a bag of worms. Sack of worms.

[B]

It's a mega sack of worms.

[A]

It's a mega sack of worms. Yeah. The Mega backdoor Roth has a whole bevy of considerations. How's that for a word that are not present when you are simply directing money from your paycheck into either a traditional IRA or a Roth IRA or a traditional 401k or a Roth 401k. Like, that is a much simpler set of trade offs and that is a much simpler evaluation. It gets different when you're talking about a Mega backdoor Roth. That's not to say don't do it. It's just to say when I say that I'm a. I am a roth super fan. 100%. My bias is strongly Roth, unless you can make a very convincing argument otherwise. But that applies to new contributions that come from a paycheck.

[B]

I think when it comes to this question, Paula, I think first we have to talk about the use of AI because I think it's really important to know how should we use AI and how should we think about using AI Because, Layla, I like your use of AI in this case, but I want to define why I like your use of AI. There was a recent piece in Psychology Today, of all places, asking about financial advice. Specifically, do you believe AI or a family Member who knows you, who knows nothing about money. Like, which of the two would you prefer? And the answer came back very convincingly from the vast majority of people. It is a family member that knows very little about money, very versus AI Wow. But the one reason that I think is incredibly valid is no matter how empathetic AI may seem, no matter how it can explain its reasoning, the family member has some skin in the game on your success. They're related to you. They have a connection with you. And even though AI is my buddy, every time, every decision I talk to AI about, they're like, this is the best thing you could ever be thinking about. Let's explore. So I feel really good about that. But there truly is no skin in the game. Robert Farrington over at the College Investor did a huge study just a few months ago of asking AI some very basic questions to common financial problems. And AI hallucinated far too often for us to be comfortable. Where I draw the line is, and this is why, Layla, I really like what you did. You asked it to challenge your thinking and to bring up other courses of action, which I think is a great use of AI because if we look at how AI is built, it's combing the entire universe of potential outcomes, potential solutions, things that have been written, talked about online, everywhere, and it's going to pick these most likely scenarios to help you come up with a better decision. If you ask it to answer a specific question definitively, I think that's a huge mistake. I think it's a monster mistake. So I like the fact that you said, hey, what could the problem be with putting money in the Roth? And the answer came back, hey, you know, you're paying all these taxes today because of your tax rate, Paula, where if you just put it in the brokerage, you might not have that friction. And I like that answer.

[A]

Well, Joe, I think what I hear you saying is when it comes to the use of AI, use it as a data point, but not as definitive truth, and also run it by people who know enough to know when it's hallucinating.

[B]

Yeah, I was actually helping somebody with an estate plan a few weeks ago. Just a friend. I'm not a licensed financial planner anymore, but they know that I'm a guy that knows a lot about stuff. And I asked it a question about beneficial IRAs, and it 100. Paula gave me the wrong answer.

[A]

Right. Well, I remember you were telling me about that because the AI interpreted the word beneficial as an adjective describing IRAs.

[B]

Yes.

[A]

And not as the proper noun. Of a specific type of IRA.

[B]

There's a couple ways to handle this. Number one is to add money to the brokerage account. Number two is to look at payments and rule of 72 and calculate in this pension type device to last 10 years. That's kind of a long time for me for an Sepp payment because while it locks in an amount of money that you'll get every year, there are a number of ways you can take Sepp payments where we'll go up with inflation so you can actually have that payment rise. It still locks you into a construct that who knows what's going to happen six, seven, eight years in. I like Sepp payments when we only need it for five.

[A]

Well, she wants to retire at the age of 50. And really what we're solving for is from age 50 to age 59 and a half. Right. So there's a nine and a half year window of time that we're solving for.

[B]

Well, maybe we are actually. Maybe it might be fewer years than that, but go ahead.

[A]

Well, okay, so assuming it's nine and a half years, assuming she retires on her 50th birthday, where the window that we need to plug, the bucket that we need to fill is age 50 to age 59 and a half. A couple of things strike me. Number one, SCP72T, I think could be a good option. Number two, given that she's currently in a 35% tax bracket and when she retires, she's going to be in a much lower tax bracket, there's the opportunity to do a Roth conversion ladder when she's in her 50s. And so I'd like to move towards, I am still a Roth superfan, but why not Roth conversion ladder in her 50s? That will fuel the bucket of money that she can pull from when she's in her 80s. And then number three, I don't think that she really needs to have a huge taxable brokerage account. Like, I mean, yes, it's good to build out the tax triangle, but also contributions to a Roth, the contribution portion, the nominal dollar contribution she can pull out at any time. So putting money in a taxable brokerage account, you're losing the advantage of you could put that money into a Roth and still pull out the contribution at any time. So why not do that instead?

[B]

Well, the reason why not is because if she needs any of the return on that money, if she needs that money pre 59 and a half.

[A]

Yeah, but she likely wouldn't be. And I guess it depends on the size of her SCP72T. But she likely wouldn't be drawing down all of her Roth contributions. Right. So there would still be some portion of the contributions that could remain in those accounts in order to create tax free earnings.

[B]

There could be. And the way that you do that is that when you do this rule, this Sepp rule, what you're doing, if you're new here, Laila, what we're helping you create would be what feels like a pension payment. You're allowed to take money without penalty from your retirement plans without a penalty, using a specific rule. We keep calling Sepp. So just to bring new people up to speed on what we're talking about, that way you don't have a 10% penalty. You can get at the money and you're just going to pay tax on pre tax accounts. You're just going to pay tax as if it were earnings today. You do it as ordinary income. So the way that you maneuver this so that you solve for the amount of money that you want to get every month from this to create the pension size you want, legally you have to use a whole IRA to do it. You can't say, I'm going to use half of it and SCPP it and leave the other half. It has to be a whole ira. Now, the cool thing is you're allowed to have multiple IRAs. So you could have one at Fidelity, one at Vanguard. Let's say you take the amount you're solving for, have that amount in Vanguard, do the SCPP on that, and then the rest of your money's in a different IRA at Fidelity. So they had to be two different entities. They can be doing the same thing. They just can't be commingled together. So if you're using Sepp, you figure out how much money you need on a monthly basis, segregate that much money, put it in its own ira, and then bam, turn on the lever and start taking money out.

[A]

Layla, one thing that you said in your question, you talked about the idea behind putting money in a taxable brokerage account. You said you could potentially withdraw at a lower long term capital gains rate, around 15% rather than paying 35% upfront. But the thing is, if you're putting the money in a taxable brokerage account, if you're taking it as income, you're still paying taxes on that income. You're paying taxes on that income in the year in which you earn it. And then later you'll be paying at the long term capital gains rate on the gains that you make from those investments. So I mean, I think there's still you don't save taxes by virtue of putting money in a taxable brokerage. Now what you do, what you do get is you get more flexibility. Of course that applies to new money. So Joe and I just had a conversation behind the scenes, by the way, about part of where this answer gets a little muddy is where are we talking about new income that you're investing versus where are we talking about taking past money and recharacterizing it? Because if it's new money that you're freshly investing, you're not going to save anything by putting it in taxable brokerage. So if the AI is telling you that, then there's no savings with taxable brokerage. So new money coming from fresh paychecks, I don't see any reason why not to direct it to a Roth. Now when it comes to past money that you already have, that's where it gets different. And that's again where I would encourage you to opt instead for the Roth conversion ladder when you're in your 50s. But I will caveat that there's only so much that you can Roth conversion ladder at a time if you want to stay in a lower tax bracket. So even that has to be gamed out based on the amount that you want to convert. So Leila, the answer becomes different depending on if we're talking about present income versus past recharacterization. But overall, you've got a fantastic portfolio built. So congratulations and I hope that gave you some direction on how to think through these different buckets of tax treatment. Call us back. Give us an update on your progress towards your early retirement goal. And remember, the important reframing is how do we solve for a nine and a half year bucket?

[B]

That's the key.

[A]

Yeah, because solving for nine and a half years for age 50 to 59 and a half, that bucket specifically requires a very different plan than everything that happens from 59 and a half forward. Joe, we did it again.

[B]

Three questions. Great questions too.

[A]

Joe, where can people find you if they would like to know more?

[B]

Oh, tonight I'm going to be hanging out at Paula Pants Fantastic webinar so you can find me learning how to do real estate the right way.

[A]

Tonight it's at 8pm Eastern, 7pm Central, 6pm Mountain, 5pm Pacific.

[B]

I'll be there at 7pm Central. That's where I'm going to be. That's where you can find me. But I won't be there at 8pm Eastern.

[A]

Oh, you will if you're there at 7pm Central, Joe. Then you'll be there at 8pm eastern.

[B]

Nope, I can't do both.

[A]

You'll also be there at 5pm Pacific and 6pm Mountain.

[B]

I can't do four things, Paula. I'm gonna just do the central one.

[A]

Well, thank you. Thank you, Joe. I will see you there. And yes to all of you, please come to the webinar tonight. Affordanything.com rentals2026 thank you to all of you for being afforders. If you enjoyed today's episode, please share this with the people in your life. Share it with that Uber driver who is inspiring you because they are operating inside of their locus of control.

[B]

Share it with your congressperson, Vaughn.

[A]

Wow. Yeah, seriously. Share it with your IRA administrator.

[B]

Share it with your friend who uses Claude to ask every question.

[A]

And share it with the people of New Hampshire and Massachusetts. Share it with all of those people and more. Because that is the single most important way that you spread the message of F double I R E. Thank you so much for being afforders. Joe and I will both see you tonight. Afford anything.com rentals2026 I'm Paula Pant. I'm Joe Salsihai and we'll meet you tonight.