
Hosted by All Creatures Podcast · EN

For centuries, we believed culture was uniquely human. But what if elephants, whales, chimpanzees, birds (even bees) also pass knowledge, traditions, and behaviors from one generation to the next? In this episode, Chris explores one of the most fascinating discoveries in modern biology, from orca hunting traditions and elephant matriarchs to humpback whale songs, chimpanzee tool use, regional birdsong dialects, and crow intelligence. Along the way, he reveals how animal culture is reshaping our understanding of evolution—and why conservation is about protecting not just species, but the knowledge they carry. If culture is knowledge that outlives the individual, perhaps we've been too busy looking in the mirror to notice it all around us. If you enjoyed this episode, subscribe to Our Substack, where we share essays exploring the science, philosophy, and wonder of the natural world, from animal behavior and evolution to conservation and the ideas that don't always make it into the podcast. https://substack.com/@cmortensen Timeline 00:00 Orcas And Traditions 03:04 Defining Culture Simply 13:10 Elephants And Memory 18:25 Whale Songs And Dialects 25:50 Jane Goodall And Chimps 30:58 Birdsong Accents And Crows 36:06 Conservation Of Knowledge 42:30 Final Reflections And Call == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Brining back this class episode. Chris and Angie discuss the all too cute, hedgehog. Hedgehogs may be famous for their adorable faces and protective spines, but these remarkable nocturnal mammals are facing growing conservation pressures. The West European hedgehog is now classified as Near Threatened following significant declines driven by habitat loss, fragmented landscapes, pesticides and road deaths. Hedgehogs help shape their native ecosystems by feeding on insects and other invertebrates and can curl into an almost impenetrable ball when threatened. Join us as we rediscover what makes hedgehogs so fascinating and why protecting connected, wildlife-friendly habitats matters. == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chris recounts how reading a scientific review paper titled “Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived?” shifted his career from domestic animal reproduction research at the University of Florida to wildlife conservation and inspired his podcast, emphasizing that science alone isn’t enough without stories. Chris explains mass extinctions are rare, only five in ~540 million years, and contrasts past causes (asteroids, volcanism, climate and ocean chemistry shifts) with today’s human-driven “death by a thousand cuts,” including habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, overexploitation, pollution, and climate change. Chris argues extinction today is often subtle but highlights hope through global conservation efforts, citing northern white rhino embryo work, elephant corridor protection, and many individuals dedicating their lives to saving species. If you enjoy these episodes, you'll love our new Substack. Each week, I dive deeper into the stories behind the podcast, sharing personal experiences from my years in wildlife conservation, reflections on the science, and the remarkable people working to protect our planet. Read the latest essays here: https://substack.com/@cmortensen Timeline 00:00 One Paper Changes Everything 03:17 What Mass Extinction Means 04:20 The Big Five Extinctions 08:08 Humans as a New Force 09:19 Are We in the Sixth 10:10 Background Rate Explained 12:51 Death by Thousand Cuts 15:01 Quiet Losses Up Close 18:23 Why I Stay Optimistic 21:56 Northern White Rhino Lifeline 24:41 Conservation That Cares 28:51 Hope Is Action 32:27 One Story Sparks Change 35:28 Stewards of the Planet 37:12 Final Call to Wonder == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

What if the biggest conservation question of our time isn't how we save wildlife... but whether we're willing to leave enough room for it? In this solo episode, Chris explores the global 30x30 initiative, an ambitious goal to protect 30% of Earth's land and oceans by 2030. From elephant corridors and marine reserves to David Attenborough's Ocean, this is a conversation about coexistence, hope, and the future we choose to create together. Because conservation isn't just about protecting places. It's about deciding what kind of relationship we want with the living world. If you enjoy these episodes, you'll love our new Substack. Each week, I dive deeper into the stories behind the podcast, sharing personal experiences from my years in wildlife conservation, reflections on the science, and the remarkable people working to protect our planet. Read the latest essays here: https://substack.com/@cmortensen Timeline 00:00 Welcome and Big Question 01:51 What Is 30 by 30 03:11 Why Protect 30 Percent 04:36 Connectivity and Corridors 07:03 Nature Rebounds Fast 10:30 Hard Tradeoffs and Equity 12:08 Values and Human Stories 14:46 Public Support and Action 18:26 Closing Our Relationship == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

In this classic episode, Chris and Angie explore the extraordinary world of salmon. From their remarkable migration between rivers and the ocean to their incredible ability to return to the very streams where they were born, salmon are among nature's greatest travelers. They also discuss the conservation status of different salmon species, the threats they face, and why these iconic fish are essential to healthy rivers, forests, wildlife, and people. == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Angie welcomes Dr. Katy Ayres to discuss sharks’ physiology and urgent conservation needs, highlight National Geographic’s SharkFest (premiering Sunday, July 5 on Nat Geo, Disney+ and Hulu), and preview “Hammerhead Sharks Up Close”. Dr. Ayres, an England-born marine scientist and National Geographic Explorer who studies sharks in Baja, Mexico, shares how her lifelong fascination began. She explains sharks’ ecological roles as scavengers and indicators of healthy ecosystems, outlines threats including overfishing, bycatch, illegal fishing, finning practices, and climate-driven range shifts, and notes species-specific vulnerability based on life history. Timeline 00:00 Welcome to Shark Fest 01:42 Meet Dr Kaci Ayers 02:11 Shark Obsession Origins 04:23 First Big Shark Dive 06:50 Keeping Childhood Passions 08:23 Sharks Have Personalities 10:44 Ancient Survivors Explained 11:02 Teeth Tricks and Adaptations 14:41 Why Sharks Matter 17:57 Population Declines and Finning 22:10 Drone Science in Baja 29:00 Drone Counts and Trends 30:08 Orcas Shift Blacktips 31:13 AI Shark Counting 31:55 Local Shark Spotters 36:30 Shark Fest Message 40:04 Future Tagging Questions 43:15 Advice for Marine Careers 48:27 Everyday Shark Help 54:09 Wrap Up and Thanks == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

A classic episode released a few years ago. Here it is again in case you missed it. Capybaras have become one of the world's most beloved animals, winning hearts with their calm personalities and remarkable ability to get along with almost every other species. In this classic episode, we explore the fascinating lives of the world's largest rodents, from their semi-aquatic lifestyle and complex social behavior to why they're such an important part of South America's wetland ecosystems. Although currently listed as Least Concern by the IUCN, capybaras still face local threats from habitat loss and hunting in parts of their range. Join us as we discover why these gentle giants are far more than just an internet sensation—they're a vital piece of healthy freshwater ecosystems. == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Elephants don't simply wander across the landscape. For generations, they have followed ancient migration routes passed down through memory, experience, and culture. These invisible highways connect water, food, and survival itself. In this episode, Chris explores the remarkable world of elephant corridors, how matriarchs guide their families across vast distances, and what happens when ancient pathways collide with roads, farms, fences, and the modern world. Because this isn't just a story about elephants. It's a story about memory, coexistence, and whether humanity can still make room for giants. Timeline 00:00 Elephants Don’t Wander 02:56 Why Movement Matters 08:51 Culture Beyond Humans 14:41 Matriarch Memory Map 21:00 Ancient Elephant Corridors 26:09 Modern Barriers Fragmentation 33:41 Conflict and Coexistence 36:15 Corridor Solutions and Hope 44:18 Final Question for Us == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

We are re-releasing this episode from 2020. Amur Falcons are one of the most remarkable migratory birds on Earth. Weighing less than 200 grams, these small raptors undertake an astonishing annual journey of more than 20,000 kilometres, travelling from breeding grounds in eastern Asia to wintering grounds in southern Africa. In this episode, we explore the incredible biology behind their migration, including a non-stop flight of up to 3,000 kilometres across the Indian Ocean—one of the longest over-water journeys known for any bird of prey. We also discuss how satellite tracking revealed the true scale of their migration and how communities in India helped transform a major conservation crisis into an inspiring success story. Although currently listed as Amur Falcon by the IUCN as a species of Least Concern, Amur Falcons still face threats from habitat loss, climate change, and changes to insect populations along their migratory route. == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices

Chris and Angie revisit the giant panda, first featured on the podcast in 2018, and explore one of conservation's most celebrated success stories. They discuss how giant pandas recovered from Endangered to Vulnerable status through habitat protection, wildlife corridors, anti-poaching efforts, and decades of dedicated conservation work in China. Along the way, they uncover the fascinating biology of these bamboo specialists, from their unique "pseudo-thumb" to their challenging breeding habits and surprisingly inefficient digestive system. The episode also examines the role of zoos, captive breeding programs, and what the panda's recovery can teach us about saving other species. Timeline 00:00 Welcome Back to Pandas 00:41 Conservation Success Story 03:18 Panda Basics and Anatomy 06:24 Zoo Life and Panda Loans 13:31 Breeding Challenges and Bamboo 15:27 Habitat Corridors and Reserves 20:37 China’s Green Economy Shift 27:42 Evolution of a Bamboo Bear 32:07 Fast Facts and Panda Speed 33:45 Bamboo Diet Basics 34:16 Gut Microbes Explained 35:01 Built for Bamboo 36:23 Taste Gene Twist 37:50 Smell and Food Choice 39:32 Seasonal Bamboo Menu 42:50 Carnivore Gut Problem 46:59 Clumsy Charm Behaviors 51:48 Poop and Field Science 53:06 Solitary Social Signals 57:30 Breeding Window Crunch 01:01:43 Cubs and Diapause 01:06:26 Conservation Comeback 01:09:18 Wrap Up and Thanks == Another thank you to all our Patreon supporters. You too can join for one cup of "good" coffee a month. With your pledge you can support your favorite podcast on Patreon and give back to conservation. With the funds we receive each month, we are have been sending money to conservation organizations monthly. We now send a check to every organization we cover, as we feel they all are deserving of our support. Thank you so much for your support and for supporting animal conservation. Please considering supporting us at Patreon HERE. We also want to thank you to all our listeners. We are giving back to every conservation organization we cover and you make that possible. We are committed to donating large portions of our revenue (at minimum 25%) to every organization we cover each week. Thank you for helping us to grow, and for helping to conserve our wildlife. Please contact us at advertising@airwavemedia.com if you would like to advertise on our podcast Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices