AEE 2450: Grammar That Breaks the Rules Part 2: Noun Nonsense

Summary

Podcast Summary: All Ears English Podcast - Episode AEE 2450: "Grammar That Breaks the Rules Part 2: Noun Nonsense"

Introduction

In Episode 2450 of the All Ears English Podcast, hosts Lindsey McMahon and Aubrey Carter delve into the complexities of English grammar, specifically focusing on nouns that end with "ly" but function as adjectives rather than adverbs. This episode, titled "Grammar That Breaks the Rules Part 2: Noun Nonsense," builds upon a previous discussion about adjectives misleadingly ending in "ly." Aimed at intermediate to advanced English learners, the hosts aim to clarify common misunderstandings and enhance listeners' grasp of nuanced English usage.

Understanding Nouns Ending with "ly"

The core theme of this episode revolves around certain nouns that conclude with "ly," challenging the conventional rule that words ending in "ly" are typically adverbs. Lindsey and Aubrey provide insightful examples to illustrate this grammatical quirk, helping learners navigate these exceptions with greater confidence.

Key Examples Discussed

1. Friend vs. Friendly

   • Noun: Friend – Refers to a person you know well. For example: "She has been my best friend since kindergarten." (04:18)
   • Adjective: Friendly – Describes someone's nature or demeanor. For example: "Our new neighbors are very friendly and brought us cookies." (04:36)
   • Quote: Aubrey shares a personal anecdote: "I have extremely friendly neighbors. In fact, last week was my birthday, and they both brought super nice gifts. It was so kind." (04:47)

2. Coward vs. Cowardly

   • Noun: Coward – A person who lacks bravery. Example: "Calling someone a coward implies they are not brave enough to stand up for what's right." (06:05)
   • Adjective: Cowardly – Describes an action or characteristic. Example: "It was a cowardly act to leave his friends behind." (07:07)
   • Quote: Lindsey reflects on the usage: "It’s interesting to have someone refer to themselves as cowardly rather than just saying they are nervous." (15:18)

3. Cost vs. Costly

   • Noun: Cost – The amount of money required to buy or do something. Example: "The cost of living in that city is very high." (08:21)
   • Adjective: Costly – Describes something causing loss or damage. Example: "Their mistakes proved costly in the final minutes of the game." (08:39)
   • Quote: Aubrey adds depth: "When discussing serious issues like famine or war, we might describe them as costly because of the loss of life." (09:09)

4. Order vs. Orderly

   • Noun: Order – A state of organization or tidiness. Example: "She likes for things to be in order." (09:15)
   • Adjective: Orderly – Describes something neat and well-organized. Example: "The files were arranged in an orderly manner on the shelf." (09:40)
   • Quote: Lindsey shares her personal preference: "I need a bit of Zen in my head to be able to work and focus. Things need to be somewhat in order." (09:26)

Speaker Insights and Personal Anecdotes

Throughout the episode, both hosts interweave personal stories to elucidate the grammatical points, making the discussion relatable and engaging.

• Aubrey's Experience with Friendly Neighbors: Aubrey recounts how her friendly neighbors celebrated her birthday, highlighting how "friendly" describes their nature and her appreciation for their kindness. This example underscores the adjective usage of "friendly" versus the noun "friend." (04:47)

• Lindsey's Childhood Memories: Lindsey reflects on her and her friends' fear of a possible hermit on their street during Halloween, using this to explain the noun "coward" and its connotations. (02:15)

• Aubrey on Clutter Tolerance: Aubrey discusses her tolerance for clutter, contrasting it with her partner’s need for orderliness. This serves to illustrate the adjective "orderly" versus the noun "order." (10:08)

Role-Play Illustration

To reinforce the grammatical concepts, Lindsey and Aubrey engage in a role-play scenario, acting as classmates assigned to work on a school project together. This segment demonstrates the practical application of the discussed nouns and adjectives in conversation.

• Example Exchange:
  • Lindsey: "I made a checklist to keep things orderly." (04:18)
  • Aubrey: "Oh, thank you. I can't afford to get a bad grade on this. The cost of failing this class would be painful." (13:02)
  • Lindsey: "Would you be up for presenting? I'm a bit cowardly when it comes to public speaking." (13:08)

This interaction highlights how terms like "orderly," "costly," and "cowardly" function within real-life dialogues, offering listeners clear and memorable contexts.

Common Mistakes and Tips

The hosts emphasize that assuming all "ly" endings denote adverbs can lead to errors. They advise learners to approach these exceptions with flexibility and awareness, noting that even native speakers occasionally make these mistakes.

• Quote: Aubrey advises: "If you learn this rule or guideline that words that end in ly are adverbs, you could really be thrown off because that's just not always the case." (03:10)

Connecting Grammar to Communication

A recurring theme in the episode is the podcast’s philosophy of prioritizing connection over perfection. The hosts assert that understanding these grammatical nuances reduces stress and builds confidence, ultimately enhancing one's ability to communicate effectively in English.

• Quote: Lindsey concludes: "The more we know, the more we can use that freedom of mind to focus on something ultimately more important, which is the connection." (18:33)

Conclusion and Takeaways

In wrapping up the episode, Lindsey and Aubrey reiterate the importance of recognizing that not all "ly" endings signify adverbs. By mastering these exceptions, learners can avoid common grammatical pitfalls and communicate more naturally and confidently.

• Final Quote: Aubrey sums it up: "The more you know, the more you feel confident that you're not making minor errors." (17:08)

Listeners are encouraged to revisit the first part of this series (Episode 2444) for a comprehensive understanding and are reminded of the podcast’s commitment to fostering meaningful English connections.

Get Involved

For those seeking to enhance their English skills further, the hosts invite listeners to take a free level quiz and join the All Ears English community, embodying the mantra "Connection, NOT Perfection."

Relevant Episode Links

• Part One: Episode 2444 – "Grammar That Breaks the Rules Part 1: Adjectives That End in ly"
• Podcast Website: allearsenglish.com

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Note: All timestamps correspond to the transcript provided and are intended to reference specific moments within the episode.

Transcript

[Aubrey Carter]

This is an Allers English podcast. Episode 2450, Grammar that Breaks the Rules, Part 2. Noun nonsense.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Welcome to the All Ears English podcast, downloaded more than 200 million times. Are you feeling stuck with your English? We'll show you how to become fearless and fluent by focusing on connection, not perfection. With your American host, Aubrey Carter, the IELTS whiz, and Lindsey McMahon, the English adventurer, coming to you from Arizona and Colorado, usa. And to get your transcripts delivered by email every week, go to allearsenglish.com subscribe do you always assume that if a word ends in ly, it's an adverb and should be used in that way today? Get four examples of adjectives that end in ly and how to use them in English. Do you want a more international career? What if English no longer held you back from getting a promotion? Getting chosen for an important project or presentation? Imagine the possibilities if you had fluent English. Find out your English level Now with our free level quiz, go to allearsenglish.com fluencyschool score again, that's allearsenglish.com F L U E N C Y S C O R E And we'll see you there. Hey there, Aubry. How are you today? How's it going?

[Aubrey Carter]

I'm great, Lindsay. How are you?

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yes, Aubry. Oh, my gosh. Here's a question. Can you think of a time in your life when you were cowardly? That is a very strong word.

[Aubrey Carter]

That is a strong word. I think the best example is at haunted houses. I get really scared at a haunted house. I don't want people jumping out at me. So there are times where we, like, go to enter, and I'm like, just kidding. I'll be out here. You guys go ahead. Right.

[Lindsey McMahon]

You don't like it?

[Aubrey Carter]

Really cowardly?

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah, yeah, yeah. We used to, like, run during Halloween. We used to run past this guy's house because there was a guy on our road that our parents told us he was a hermit. I don't know if he was a hermit or not. You know, it was the 90s, it was the 80s, and we would just spit, sprint past his house because we were so afraid of him.

[Aubrey Carter]

It just means they like to stay inside. Right. But you had some kind of idea that this meant, like, scary scary.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Exactly. Exactly.

[Aubrey Carter]

So Boo Radley. It's like a Boo Radley situation.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Right?

[Aubrey Carter]

That kind of situation.

[Lindsey McMahon]

So this is an episode which is a part two of a series. Aubry, tell us about that.

[Aubrey Carter]

Exactly. Michelle and I recorded part one of this series. Adjectives that you expect to be an adverb. You're adding ly, so stay till the end. We'll share the number because you can definitely listen to these. Out of order today is part two nouns that you would expect to add ly and it would become an adverb, but it's still an adjective. Very tricky.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah, very tricky. So English doesn't always follow the formula that we're looking for, and we need to have a flexible mind to be ready for that, right?

[Aubrey Carter]

Exactly. If you learn this rule or guideline that words that end in ly are adverbs, you could really be thrown off because that's just not always the case.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Right. I love that. Interesting. Guys, before we get deeper into this today, this high level English, go ahead and hit the follow button. Aubry, what do we stand for here at Dollars English? How are we different from every other podcast?

[Aubrey Carter]

Right. We believe in connection, not perfection.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yes.

[Aubrey Carter]

So we want you to be able to connect in English. We're always teaching, you know, grammar, vocabulary, interesting thing, culture, cultural insights, but with the goal of connecting in English, of being ready for those in person conversations.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah, exactly. We believe there is something more important than being perfect or being correct, and it is connecting, because that's what leads to a happier life. So we're essentially here to make sure we live happier lives through English, through communication, guys. So hit the follow button or if you're on YouTube, hit Subscribe.

[Aubrey Carter]

All right, good.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Aubry, let's get into the first example here.

[Aubrey Carter]

All right. Our first one is friend and friendly. So we have the noun friend, which is, of course, a person you know well. And like you might say, she has been my best friend since kindergarten. But then when you add ly, this is not an adverb. We do not use this to describe actions or verbs. It is an adjective.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah. So for example, our new neighbors are very friendly and brought us cookies. Yeah. That's just literally describing their nature, how they are. Are your neighbors friendly, Aubry?

[Aubrey Carter]

I do have extremely friendly neighbors. In fact, last week was my birthday, and I have two neighbor friends who both brought super nice gifts. They're very. They're, I think their love language. Both of these amazing ladies is giving gifts.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yes.

[Aubrey Carter]

And I made a note. I'm like, I need to do better at remembering their birthdays and taking them a gift, because that's not usually my love language. But I think that's also how they receive love. So I need to be more cognizant about getting them a gift on their birthday because it is so meaningful. I was very touched. It was so kind.

[Lindsey McMahon]

That's really kind. Happy belated birthday, by the way, Aubrey. Yeah. I hope you had a great day. It's true love languages are tricky because people do usually show love in their language, but if it's not your language, you may not think to reciprocate in that same way.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right, exactly. Especially gift giving, I think, is the trickiest one, because if that isn't your love language, you don't think to do it for others who might really feel loved if you do. So I need to, like, step out of my comfort zone maybe and find a gift for friends. For sure.

[Lindsey McMahon]

All right, good stuff. Well, the next one is Coward and cowardly, so this is interesting. So this is what you asked me at the top of the show. I asked you at the top of the show.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right.

[Lindsey McMahon]

What is a coward as a noun?

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah. So this is a person who is not brave, is afraid often even to do what is right or expected. This is the difference between just being scared and not brave. Often a coward will collocate with if someone really should be standing up for injustice, someone is being treated badly, and you still don't dare to step in and do the right thing. That is when we would potentially call someone a coward, coward or call ourselves a coward. If we do that.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah. I mean, we can see a lot of examples of this right now in. In government. I won't go into it, but that's another story for another day and always.

[Aubrey Carter]

That's a really good point, though, that often we don't really talk about individuals as cowards, but we will use this in a bigger way to talk about countries, governments, that if one person or group feels like they should step in, they have a duty to step in, and they don't, then we might refer to them as a coward. Absolutely.

[Lindsey McMahon]

It also makes me think of the Cowardly lion on the wizard of Oz. Right. A famous character, right? Yeah.

[Aubrey Carter]

I just saw the preview for Wicked 2. Oh, jeez. I loved part one and I'm very excited for the, you know, the last installment, Part two. It looks like they've done a fantastic job with it. It's going to be so good.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Oh, I'm sure it's going to be really good. And here's an example. So when we use the word cowardly as it. It's not an. An adverb. Right. It's still an adjective describing that person. It was a cowardly act to leave his friends behind or describing the act, the thing he did.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right, Exactly. So we either, you Know, it's always going to describe a noun because it's an adjective. Either a cowardly person, a cowardly act, a cowardly government, a cowardly country. Absolutely right. We can describe any. Often for bigger things like this as well, we would say the act is cowardly.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yes. And it can be so confusing sometimes when you see this, you know, from the outside. I'm sure there's more nuance on the inside, but it can be very frustrating when you see this from the outside. Right.

[Aubrey Carter]

If you maybe are the kind of person who would take action.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Right.

[Aubrey Carter]

This is not in your nature. You are not cowardly. So then if you see someone else doing it. Yeah, I can see potentially a lot of frustration. You just want to jump in and do it for them.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Right, Exactly. All right, what's number three? Aubry.

[Aubrey Carter]

Okay. The next one is cost. So, of course we have the noun, you know, the amount of money required to buy or do something. Or we also use it to talk about, like, the loss or sacrifice involved in an action. The cost of something. For example, cost of living in that city is very high.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yes. And when it comes to costly, again, still an adjective. Something that, again, like you said, Aubrey, causes loss or damage. Their mistakes proved costly in the final minutes of the game. So here we're talking about their mistakes. Cost them the game.

[Aubrey Carter]

Okay. Yes, exactly. And we will use this word bigger as well. If we talk about famine, war, things like this, we would say it's costly if it's causing loss of life. Right. We'll use this for bigger things as well as well.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Absolutely. And now order and orderly. So what about this one?

[Aubrey Carter]

So order, of course, is a noun that means a state of organization or tidiness. So you might say she likes for things to be in order. I feel like this is true about you, Lindsay. Right. You like for things to be in.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Order when possible, for the most part. Sometimes, you know, on. At the end of the week, things get a little messy. But, yeah, I do feel like I need a bit of that Zen in my head to be able to work and focus. Things need to be somewhat in order. I can't have chaos in here.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right. Understandable. I think a lot of people are in that same boat for sure. But interestingly, if you add ly, this does not become an adverb. Right. It stays an adjective. Orderly meaning neat and well organized. You like for your desk to be orderly so you can focus.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yep. The files were arranged in an orderly manner on the shelf. What about you, Aubrey? Are you someone that can't Work or focus if there's a lot of mess in your space. Or do you. Are you okay?

[Aubrey Carter]

I thrive in clutter. I feel like I. It's interesting because my partner is like that. Everything must be orderly and neat. So I really try to keep things orderly, but clutter doesn't bother me at all. I like for things to be clean. Okay. So I'll like, clean. But when there's. I don't know. I think as a mom of four children, like, there are always toys and clothes and things everywhere. So if I couldn't handle a little clutter, I would have gone crazy long ago. Yeah.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Do you think that you've grown more tolerance with clutter over the years, having kids?

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah. I think I always was very tolerant of clutter. I remember my room being such a mess. My mom called me a clutter bug because I just. There were clothes and books and everything everywhere, not, like, dirty. I wouldn't have, like, food in my room.

[Lindsey McMahon]

It's just clutch. Yeah.

[Aubrey Carter]

Books. Stacks of books. Right. From the library, I remember. And it would drive my mom crazy. She just couldn't go in my room. She's like, it was such a mess.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah. Yeah, that makes sense. Sense. We're all so different in that sense. Right. But as long as you know what you can handle and what you need, then that's the key, I think.

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah, exactly.

[Lindsey McMahon]

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[Aubrey Carter]

All right. So perfect. You and I Are classmates in this role play? We have been assigned to work together on a school project.

[Lindsey McMahon]

All right, here we go. Let's divide up the work. I made a checklist to keep things orderly.

[Aubrey Carter]

Oh, thank you. I can't afford to get a bad grade on this. My GPA is almost high enough for a scholarship I'm trying for. And the cost of failing this class would be painful.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Only one of us needs to present. Would you be up for that? I'm a bit cowardly when it comes to public speaking.

[Aubrey Carter]

You could totally do it. The class is such a friendly group. Nobody's going to judge you. I can definitely do it, though, if you want. I'm a good friend like that.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Ah, thanks. We can create the slides together, and then I'll proofread them and make sure everything is in the right order.

[Aubrey Carter]

Okay. Remember, it needs to be at least five minutes. The pro. The professor said if it's under that, it'll be really costly for the final grade. Oh, you can tell I'm really stressed about my grade. I need this scholarship.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah, you need the scholarship. Yeah. I remember in school when teachers would kind of hint at what really mattered in your grade or in the syllabi. You get your syllabus in college and it would show how you're graded. Right. What is costly in terms of mistakes? If you don't turn something in or if you're late or.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right. Which exams were going to be cumulative and which were weighted more for your grade. Yeah, we always paid attention to that. What do I really need to study for? Oh, my gosh.

[Lindsey McMahon]

I'm so glad that college is done.

[Aubrey Carter]

It was really nerve wracking. It was stressful. Stressful for sure.

[Lindsey McMahon]

All right, let's go through this. So here I said, I made a checklist to keep things orderly. And we might also say, keep things, I don't know, clear.

[Aubrey Carter]

Organized.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Organized. Yeah.

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah. Absolutely right. Any of those would work. And then I was saying how important the grade is to me. The cost of failing this class would be painful. So another word of saying the result of failing this class.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Exactly. And then I asked you to speak to do the actual speech. I said, would you be up for that? I'm a bit cowardly when it comes to public speaking. I think this is an interesting use of. You know, I could have said I'm not very brave or I'm nervous. I get nervous. But cowardly is unique and different. Might be good for aisles, too. Right, Aubry?

[Aubrey Carter]

Yes. Right. It would be more impressive for ielts because students don't use it nearly as often.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah.

[Aubrey Carter]

It's interesting to point out here, too. I think this is much more common that you'll hear someone refer to themselves as a coward or cowardly rather than calling someone else this, because it is very harsh to call someone else a coward or cowardly.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah, that's a really good point. I'm glad you said that. You'd have to be in a real altercation with them, and you'd have to know them well, and it would be a big thing to drop and to say, you know, you're a cowardly person. That's a real strong thing to say someone, right?

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah. Yes. It would have to be something very extreme that really merits something that heavy. Right. Or maybe sometimes when you're in altercations, fights, you want to use heavy language because you want to really get their attention, you want to upset them. Sometimes you find yourself doing that. Right. You make it bigger in order to have the effect of your words be stronger.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Right.

[Aubrey Carter]

For sure.

[Lindsey McMahon]

All right, great. So let's see then. You said, aubrey, the class is such a friendly group, and I know our listeners know that word friendly, but it is interesting to think that this is an adjective.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right.

[Lindsey McMahon]

It's not an adverb.

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah, it's interesting. Just to point this out, right. If you've always thought, okay, every word that ends in ly is an adverb. It's interesting to take a step back, be like, actually, quite often they're adjectives.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah, that is really interesting. What's the next one? Aubry.

[Aubrey Carter]

And then friend. Of course. I'm a good friend. This is something I say sometimes, right. If someone thanks me for something, I will usually kind of make, like, a funny comment to, like, maybe remove awkwardness or to. I'm not very good at taking compliments. Okay, I'll make a joke. I'm a good friend like that. I would say this.

[Lindsey McMahon]

It is funny how when we feel a little awkward, we. We say something. We, you know, we kind of lighten things a bit and. And respond in some way or other.

[Aubrey Carter]

And this chunk we use a lot. And you could add anything there. You could say, I know, I'm amazing like that, right. I'm fantastic like that. I'm a good friend like that. Yeah.

[Lindsey McMahon]

You're being a little. Physician's a little sarcastic.

[Aubrey Carter]

Having fun doubling down, Right? Aren't I am.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Exactly. And that. And that kind of, like, makes it less awkward, which is really interesting, so.

[Aubrey Carter]

Exactly. And then you said making sure everything is in the right order. And here you're talking about the order of slides, that one comes after another in the correct order.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Exactly. And then finally you said, the professor said if it's under that it'll be really costly for the final grade, meaning it will cost you a big chunk of your grade. Okay.

[Aubrey Carter]

Exactly. Right. And again, an adjective. So the big main mistake we want to help you avoid here is using all of these words that end in ly to describe verbs, actions, because you're assuming they're an adverb. Right. I know this happens. So yeah, very excited for you guys to just have this tidbit. Right. Even native speakers will make that mistake sometimes. Because we are taught. Right. Adverbs end in ly.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Oh, interesting. And what was the first part of this series, Aubrey? Where can we go if we missed the first episode? What episode should we go to?

[Aubrey Carter]

Scroll up to episode 2444 right here on Allers. English Grammar that breaks the rules, part one, Adjectives that end in ly. So these were interestingly adjectives. And then you add ly to it and it becomes another adjective but with a different meaning. So don't miss that one.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Love it. And what's our takeaway today? Where should we leave our listeners in terms of connection?

[Aubrey Carter]

Yeah, it's interesting how something like this can actually help you avoid letting grammar stress you out.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Yeah.

[Aubrey Carter]

Because the more you know, right. The more you know, the more you feel confident that you're not making minor errors. And also just that there aren't all these things that you're just not aware of. This is something that until today probably just kind of weren't aware that this is a possibility. Adjectives also end in ly.

[Lindsey McMahon]

I love it. The more we know, the more we can use that freedom of mind to focus on something ultimately more important, which is the connection.

[Aubrey Carter]

Right, Aubry? Absolutely.

[Lindsey McMahon]

So that's why we do recommend studying grammar so that you can move on to what really matters. And I think our listeners get that. They understand that on a deep level. Good stuff.

[Aubrey Carter]

Absolutely. So fun. Glad we were able to chat with about this, Lindsay. Thank you for joining me. Great.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Aubry, we'll see you next time. Have a good day.

[Aubrey Carter]

Awesome. See you next time. Bye bye.

[Lindsey McMahon]

Thanks for listening. To all ears, English. Would you like to know your English level? Take our two minute quiz, go to allearsenglish.com forward/fluency score. And if you believe in connection, not perfection, then hit subscribe now to make sure you don't miss anything. See you next time.

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Could you be more specific?

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I'm seeing a pattern here.

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Crave which is anything from am, pm.

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