Lindsey McMahon (3:14)

All right, so I'll go ahead and read the question. So this question comes from Francis from Spain and they say I'm a big fan of your podcast and I truly Appreciate the way you break down English in a fun and practical way. Your episodes have helped me improve my listening and my speaking skills tremendously. Well, that's great to hear, Francis. We appreciate you.

Lindsay (3:34)

Yes.

Lindsey McMahon (3:35)

I wanted to suggest a topic for a future episode. The difference between can and can't in spoken English. Sometimes it's really hard to hear the difference between them, especially in fast speech or in different accents. It would be great to hear your tips or strategies on how to recognize and use these two words to more confidently in real life conversations. Thanks so much for all the valuable content you share each week. Keep up the amazing work. All right.

Lindsay (4:02)

Yes. Awesome. And this also came up in our community recently. I was providing feedback to a student that in their speaking practice, there was no difference between can and can't, which, this is big because it makes it the opposite of what you mean. You could accidentally say can't when you mean can. And your message will be unclear. And there could be misunderstandings.

Lindsey McMahon (4:24)

There could be major mistakes. Let's imagine that your friend invites you to, like, an Airbnb weekend in the mountains, and they invited 10 people, and you say, I'm sorry, I can't. Or not I'm sorry. You just say, I can't come.

Lindsay (4:34)

Right.

Aubrey Carter (4:34)

You mean to say, I can come,

Lindsey McMahon (4:36)

but they misunderstand you and then all the plans get thrown off.

Sponsor Voice (4:40)

Right.

Lindsay (4:40)

They don't plan on you going, and you show up and they're like, wait, what? Exactly.

Aubrey Carter (4:44)

That could be a really good deal for you.

Lindsey McMahon (4:46)

Not good. Not good. So we're going to stop this right now, Aubrey.

Lindsay (4:49)

Exactly. But be sure to hit follow. Guys. If you're not following the podcast, you are likely missing amazing episodes bonus content. So wherever you find your podcasts, search allers English and hit follow.

Lindsey McMahon (5:01)

Yeah, and I'm excited to get into this because we don't do too many pronunciation episodes, but I'm glad we're doing this one today. So, very common issue. I'm not surprised we got this question at all.

Lindsay (5:11)

Yes. Yeah. So let's dive in. It's interesting. The difference between can and can't is mostly about vowel reduction and stress, not the t. A lot of students think it's more about the t at the end. We don't always pronounce the t, so you can't just be listening for T or not. There's more to it than that.

Lindsey McMahon (5:29)

Yeah, I feel like you should almost say that again, because it's so important what you said. It's more about what it's more about.

Lindsay (5:34)

It's more about the vowel reduction and the stress of the word and not really about the sound of the t on can't and the fact that it's missing on can.

Lindsey McMahon (5:44)

Yeah, yeah. So let's take a look at can then. What do we need to know then, about. About stress, vowel reduction and stress when it comes to can.

Lindsay (5:52)

So most of the time, can is actually unstressed and that vowel sound is reduced, and it sounds more like kun. It becomes a schwa sound. I can help you. She can drive. If you listen to that, I'm actually actually saying she can drive. There's no ah sound. It's reduced.

Lindsey McMahon (6:12)

Yeah. And of course, when we introduce can, as we're going to go into this now, can we say can, right? We don't say couldn't.

Lindsay (6:20)

Right. That's what's really tricky, right. When we just say the word can. Oh, these sound so different. Can. Can't. But that's when we're actually speaking. That's not how it's pronounced.

Lindsey McMahon (6:29)

Or there would be an exception. One exception to that would be if you're on that phone talking about that Airbnb weekend in the mountains and you say, I can't come, and your friend says, you can or can't, and then you might say, I can come.

Lindsay (6:42)

Right. And we're going to get into that because sometimes can is stress, and it does sound different. So this is most of the time, like we said, it's unstressed. It does sound different when it's stressed, and sometimes you do need to stress it for meaning to clarify. But when it's unstressed, it's just in a regular sentence. It's a schwa sound, that vowel.

Lindsey McMahon (7:02)

Good. Love it. Okay, now let's talk about can't with

Lindsay (7:05)

a T. So can't is stressed more than can, and the vowel is stronger and clearer. It does sound different in American English and British English. How does it sound in American English, Lindsay?

Lindsey McMahon (7:15)

We just say can't.

Lindsay (7:17)

Right? Can't. That short Ah. But in British English, it's usually the long, like car. It sounds a little different and it depends on the speaker in the US as well. Just like some people say aunt, you might hear someone say kant, like if they're very polished, and that's very polished, but pretty rare in the us it's usually can't.

Lindsey McMahon (7:39)

Yeah, exactly. British English, usually, to the American ear, always sounds much fancier and more elevated. Right.

Lindsay (7:47)

But we don't ever change it to that schwa. That's just for can. So it'll always sound. You'll have that vowel that I can't come tonight. It's held longer and it's stressed more. I can't come tonight. We'll talk about the t in a moment. Sometimes it'll say, sound like, I can't come tonight. And sometimes it'll sound like, I can't come tonight with a glottal stop.

Lindsey McMahon (8:09)

Exactly. So I can't come tonight was an example. He can't hear you.

Lindsay (8:13)

Right.

Lindsey McMahon (8:13)

He can't hear you is another example there.

Lindsay (8:16)

And depending on the native speaker, that T may be very soft or even drop. Stopped. Might be a glottal stop, but the vowel stays strong. So when listening, rely on the vowel sound and stress to differentiate, not the

Lindsey McMahon (8:29)

t. Okay, so how do we know aubry, then, when can should be stressed? Like we mentioned, the call, the fault, the clarification.

Lindsay (8:38)

Yeah. When it's being emphasized. Right. If can is emphasized, it keeps that full vowel. So it's all about context, like you said. No, I can come. It's being emphasized as being stressed. If you say, I can do it, why do you think I can't? Stress can. And it sounds very different.

Lindsey McMahon (8:55)

And again, context. Right. The context would be, I probably said to you, I don't think you can do it. And you say, yes, I can.

Lindsay (9:01)

Yes, yes, I can.

Lindsey McMahon (9:03)

I can do it.

Lindsay (9:04)

Right.

Lindsey McMahon (9:05)

Why do you think I can't? Good.

Lindsay (9:07)

Right. So a pro tip for pronunciation. Record yourself saying, I can go and I can't go. I can go. I can't go. And if they sound the same, you need to adjust. You need to reduce can more. Make the vowel more of a schwa. A shorter, softer vowel sound.

Lindsey McMahon (9:26)

Yep. I love it. For this, we're always practicing can and can't in the context of a sentence. We're not taking them in isolation because that would not be good practice based on what we've told our listeners today.

Lindsay (9:36)

Especially because sometimes can wills, depending on the sentence, it might not be reduced if it's stressed. So. Exactly. Practice with full sentences. Record yourself, make sure they sound very different so that the difference is clear to whoever. To your listener.

Lindsey McMahon (9:50)

Or listen to a native Pot English podcast and record it and then listen and mimic.

Lindsay (9:56)

Right.

Lindsey McMahon (9:56)

A lot of our listeners like to mimic our show with the transcripts, right?

Lindsay (9:59)

Yes, absolutely.

Lindsey McMahon (10:01)

All right.

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Lindsey McMahon (11:21)

Okay, we said context matters here for Canon Can't. So let's break it down here we are co workers. Aubrey. Working together.

Lindsay (11:27)

Yeah. You're going to hear a lot of can and can't here. Here we go. I'll start us out. Hey, can you meet me later today?

Lindsey McMahon (11:35)

I can't today, unfortunately. I've got a deadline.

Lindsay (11:38)

Okay. What about tomorrow? I can do the afternoon.

Sponsor Voice (11:40)

Tomorrow could work, but I can't stay late.

Lindsay (11:43)

That's fine. We can keep it short.

Lindsey McMahon (11:45)

Perfect. I can send you all the details tonight, but I can't promise they'll be final.

Lindsay (11:50)

No worries. If anything changes, you can text me.

Lindsey McMahon (11:52)

Will do. I can't believe how busy this week has been. Nice.

Lindsay (11:56)

Nice. So if you listen to that role play again and listen to each of these to differentiate between can and can't. Each of the cans has a schwa vowel sound. Sounds more like, can you meet me?

Lindsey McMahon (12:09)

I can. Yeah.

Lindsay (12:10)

And the cants, the vowel is very different. It's held longer. And it's that. Ah, can't. I can't. You might not hear the T, but The vowel is different.

Lindsey McMahon (12:18)

100. I mean. And that's it. So I think the best way to actually review this role play is for our listeners to go back and replay it.

Lindsay (12:25)

Yes.

Lindsey McMahon (12:25)

And. And notice the difference. Maybe write down when you hear the schwa sound, the can.

Sponsor Voice (12:29)

Right.

Lindsey McMahon (12:29)

Hi.

Narrator/Host (12:30)

Hey.

Lindsey McMahon (12:30)

Can you meet. Can you write? Can you.

Lindsay (12:32)

Right.

Lindsey McMahon (12:32)

It's almost like it's the schwa sound, but it also almost feels like we're completely dropping the.

Lindsay (12:37)

It's a very quick schwa. Yes.

Lindsey McMahon (12:40)

Yeah, exactly.

Lindsay (12:41)

So this is interesting and it is so tricky because often context won't help you. Like we were saying if someone says, you know, you can come to the cabin, I don't know if they mean you can come or you can't come based on the context. It's all based on the vowel sound.

Lindsey McMahon (12:56)

So that's why we're often clarifying. Right. So that's why I'm so glad we got this question today. Incredibly important for our listeners, right? In general success in life. Right?

Lindsay (13:06)

So true. And we want to point you guys to a couple other amazing episodes if you missed them. We did some great pronunciation episodes this summer. 2466 picky pronunciation. Part one, should I use two or three syllables? And then a follow up, a part two was 2470 about words that have three and four syllables. So go back, check those out on the app. You could search that episode, those episode numbers to find them. If you're looking for more pronunciation episodes.

Lindsey McMahon (13:34)

Yeah. And if you love the way we teach pronunciation, I'd suggest you check out our course, Aubry. This is a new course, Global English Pronunciation. What's different about our course is that we focus on showing you how English is a stress time language as opposed to a syllable time language. So we give you the foundation of the language and yes, we teach you key sounds, but we don't start there. We start with kind of changing your understanding of the language itself. And that's a key that a lot of courses tend to miss.

Lindsay (14:01)

Yes, it's been really fun. The course has been out just long enough that students are starting to finish it and give us this amazing feedback. I've. It's been really fun hearing from students about how much they've learned, how much they loved the course. So it truly is. I've been really impressed with this course. Really cool.

Lindsey McMahon (14:18)

So guys, go to allersenglish.com pronunciation to get in there. And Aubry, as always, great being on the mic together. You have a good rest of your day.

Lindsay (14:26)

You too. See you next time.

Lindsey McMahon (14:28)

Bye.

Aubrey Carter (14:33)

Thanks for listening to all ears English. Would you like to know your English level? Take our 2 minute quiz, go to allearsenglish.com forward/fluencyscore and if you believe in connection, not perfection, then hit subscribe now to make sure you don't miss anything. See you next time.

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