
Edward C. Moore's Designs for Tiffany at the Met
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A new show at the Metropolitan Museum of Art will make collectors feel. When Edward C. Moore died in 1891, his estate donated 2,000 items from his collection and nearly 500 books to the museum. Now, during his lifetime, Moore was a master silversmith, so much so that Tiffany and Company asked him to be their silversmith exclusively. He was known for designing and creating works of art, from candelabras to sugar jars. But like most artisans, Moore's imagination and vision were sparked through his own collection. You can see the relationship in an exhibit called Collecting Edward Moore at Tiffany and Company. The show features 70 silver pieces designed under Moore's direction at Tiffany and 180 items from his collection that were his muses. Joining us now is Medille Higgins Harvey, the Ruth Bigelow Riston curator of American Decorative Art at the Met. Welcome to all of it.
Medill Higgins Harvey
Thank you, Alison. I'm pleased to be here.
Interviewer/Host
Let's start with a little background on Edward Seymour. He was born the first of five children in 1827. His father was a silversmith. What kind of childhood would the son of a silversmith have?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So it would have been one where he would have spent a tremendous amount of time watching his father work, working in the shop. Both his mother and his father came from silversmithing families. So in his blood and very much a part of how he would have come of age watching and assisting making.
Interviewer/Host
Silver, did Edward Moore show any interest in doing anything else other than silversmithing?
Medill Higgins Harvey
You asked such a good question, and I'm afraid I don't know the answer. He was a very reserved, private person, and we don't know very much about how he felt, what he thought. So did he consider it? Who knows? Did he have many other choices? Probably not. But he certainly changed the trajectory of his career by virtue of his vision and ambition to do things differently from the way silversmiths had worked previously.
Interviewer/Host
He it became clear that he was a designer and a fabricator, but what kind of people would more be making silver for?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So he would have been making silver, obviously, for affluent individuals. But it is worth remembering that in the middle of the 19th century, silver was much more ubiquitous in people's houses than I would say it is today. So this is a moment when you have a burgeoning middle class, people with more leisure time and more disposable income. So individuals who are out shopping would be buying a silver spoon or individual pieces of silver, probably with greater regularity than people are doing so in 2024.
Interviewer/Host
Now, how would someone know that they.
Co-Host/Interviewer
Were getting a piece of silver designed by Edward Moore?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So silversmiths marked their silver typically so that their either their initials or some sort of symbol that they had done the work appeared on the silver. In the early years of Moore's life and work, he and his father were retailing silver through a lot of different retailers. So you have both the retailer, if you've gone shopping at Tiffany, Young and Ellis or another retailer, that mark is on the silver. But then there's also a mark that tells you who made the silver.
Interviewer/Host
You mentioned Tiffany, Young and Ellis at the time, in 1851, Tiffany & Co. Was the trio Tiffany, Young and Ellis. What was their Tiffany, Young and Ellis profile and how did it go on to become Tiffany and Company?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So Tiffany, Young and Ellis was founded as a stationary and fancy goods store. And so they were selling various different sort of elegant trinkets, stationery and silver. And it was a relatively small operation that went on to become the largest silver retail operation in New York. Selling. But they were selling by the time they became Tiffany and Company, they're selling glass, bronzes, all kinds of different merchandise. So when they described themselves as a fancy goods store, it really was a whole array of merchandise.
Interviewer/Host
Now Tiffany made a deal with Moore to be the exclusive retailer of his.
Co-Host/Interviewer
Work that he would design for them.
Interviewer/Host
What made Moore's work so fine that.
Co-Host/Interviewer
Tiffany would ask for his talents to be theirs?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So what distinguished his and his father's work was the quality of the execution. I would say the design was probably pretty typical of the moment, but the Quality of the way the details were rendered. Every aspect of their silver was just beautifully executed. And that clearly was apparent to Charles Tiffany, who was looking for competitive advantages and, as you say, decided they needed an exclusive with Moore.
Co-Host/Interviewer
My guest, Medille Higgins Harvey. She is a curator of American decorative arts at the Met. We're talking about collecting inspiration. Edward C. Moore and Tiffany and Company. So one thing Moore did when he was at Tiffany & Co. Is he created a kind of a school for young designers.
Interviewer/Host
What would someone learn at the school.
Co-Host/Interviewer
He set up for aspiring silversmiths?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So, again, we're short on details, but what we do know is that young and it was all men at this time. Young men would come and be trained in draftsmanship in. And a lot of the education comes by looking, watching, and helping silversmiths do their work, but also looking at works of art, which is where Moore's collection comes into play.
Co-Host/Interviewer
There's this beautiful picture. It's when Moore's moved into 53 Prince street, not that far from where we are right now. And it gives you an inkling of what life was like for a silversmith and for him particularly. Could you share what is in that picture, the picture of his showroom that is in collecting inspiration?
Medill Higgins Harvey
Yes. So that is an image of the design room. And it really does give you a sense of how many different objects, molds, books are all made available for designers to look and study. And you can really almost hear the hum of activity that must be occurring just out of. Out of frame of the photograph. So designers would have been able to take objects to their workbenches, study them, and do a lot of drafting as well as there were a number of different floors where they're making silver, polishing silver, chasing silver. But what that's showing you is where all the designs are originating and where all the creativity is percolating.
Co-Host/Interviewer
Now, before we get into the exhibit, I have to ask about the huge donation. He donated more than 2,000 objects, 500 books to the Met. What kind of things did he like to collect?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So his collections are incredibly diverse and very unlike any other collectors of this moment. He was really on the vanguard when it came to collecting works from the Islamic world, and a very early collector of works from East Asia as well. So he collected. He didn't collect flat art, as we call it, didn't have drawings and prints or paintings. His collections were glass, ceramics, textiles, jewelry, lacquerware, basketry, and any possible form or pattern or that spoke to him. He seems to have snapped up. It ranged from ancient Greece, works from ancient Greece in Rome to works from the Islamic world, East Asia, European glass. He seemed to have a real affection for glass, which for me was somewhat surprising when you think a metalsmith might have gravitated towards work in his own medium. But he was thinking much more broadly.
Interviewer/Host
These objects, they lived in different departments in the Met, is that correct? Across six different divisions.
Medill Higgins Harvey
They do now. So when they came to the museum, we didn't have the kinds of specialized departments we do now. And they were shown together as the Moore collection. And then in the ensuing years, specialized departments developed. And so after the collection was put into storage During World War II, it was then distributed to the various specialized departments. And it sort of shows the shift in the way museums thought about and displayed works of art.
Interviewer/Host
We are talking about collecting inspiration. Edward C. Moore and Tiffany and company. Let's get into the exhibition. The exhibition starts with two examples of silver that are not only beautiful, but they also give us a window into what was going on at the time. Let's start with Sugar Bowl. 1862, 63. It was a sugar bowl and it depicts an important moment in the Civil War. A Confederacy ship being thwarted. Can you describe the bowl and its recipient?
Medill Higgins Harvey
Yes. So this sugar bowl has a lot going on. And it commemorates the fact that the Union warship USS Monitor had arrived in Virginia to confront the Confederate ironclad CSS Virginia. And it was an incredibly historic battle. And the presentation was to honor the engineer Albin Stimmers, who had created the. Who had designed the ship.
Interviewer/Host
Another piece near the front is a vase, and it's made for a man named Thomas Nast. He was an artist, he was a political cartoonist actually, who was recognized for his efforts in supporting the Union cause. It's pretty big. What can we learn from this piece?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So this piece really does tell a wonderful story about this moment in time as you have these sort of cherub like figures, but their spears are actually tools of writing and they are meant to tell the recipient, Nash himself, but also viewers, that his words helped slay the dragons, quote, unquote, of secession. So on each side of the vase you have these open mouth dragons who are meeting their demise at the end of the stylus. That was Nast's tool in rallying support for the Union cause.
Co-Host/Interviewer
Now you have the silver, but you.
Interviewer/Host
Also have various parts of the collection.
Co-Host/Interviewer
And glass is in the first room.
Interviewer/Host
Just beautiful glass, all different kinds of glass. Glass dating back to the first century.
Co-Host/Interviewer
What was it about glass that interested a silversmith? You sort of touched on this A little earlier.
Medill Higgins Harvey
No, you asked such a good question. And it is the ability to achieve inventive, fluid forms, and it is the kinds of color and pattern effects that. That glass makers achieved. And as you go through and look at the silver that Moore created, you realize he was wanting to find ways for silver to have that same kind of energy, color, pattern, and texture.
Co-Host/Interviewer
Throughout the exhibition, we see all different kinds of elements that inspired Moore. We see pieces from Japan and his reflections on Islam and his use of ancient Greece and Rome. So this is a good place to ask what makes his work different from appropriation of a different culture? What makes it inspiration rather than appropriation?
Medill Higgins Harvey
I think a key part of the distinction there, and obviously that's a complex question to answer, but it is the reverence and fascination with which he's approaching these works from different cultures, recognizing how much they have to teach and the ways in which they can inspire better artistry. And instead of it being a desire to demonstrate cultural hegemony or superiority, it is with the utmost respect and fascination that he's approaching the works that he's collecting. Does he know and understand them in the ways that we might expect an artist to today to sort of navigate that. That divide between appropriation and artistic inspiration? I think it's complicated, but I do think that's an important factor to consider in terms of thinking about Moore's work.
Interviewer/Host
Collecting inspiration. Edward C. Moore at Tiffany & Co. Is running through October 20th at the Met. I'm speaking with Medill, Higgins, Harvey. So let's talk about his influences from Japan. In the Japanese section, we see kimonos, we see the sort of samurai sword holders. The use of. I think it's shokudo, which is sort of inlaying of various materials. Where would we see that used in his silversmithing?
Medill Higgins Harvey
Yes. So in terms of the shokuto and various different metalworking techniques, he and his team at Tiffany studied these very closely. They didn't know how they were done, but they actually took scrapes of metals and analyzed them and experimented endlessly to achieve them. And then they would use those, the kinds of color and pattern that were achieved with these different Japanese inspired alloys to perhaps create texture in a butterfly's wing or to decorate an entire surface of an object. So it's when it comes to the silver making, they used it in all kinds of different ways and sort of everywhere. But it lends what was at the time sort of unprecedented color and pattern to silver designs.
Interviewer/Host
The first piece of Tiffany silver to be acquired by any museum comes from the Museum of Fine Arts in Boston. And you have it. It's titled Pitcher.
Medill Higgins Harvey
Is it a poetic title?
Interviewer/Host
I know, right? And it's very tiny, might I say it's a very little picture.
Medill Higgins Harvey
Every time I see it, I am struck by how diminutive it is. It has such presence that even though I've seen it many, many times, I'm always surprised by how petite.
Interviewer/Host
First of all, did it have a practical use?
Medill Higgins Harvey
You are not the first person to ask that question. And I suspect. I mean, it could have, but it was displayed at their exhibit at the 1870 Philadelphia World's Fair. And I think it was more about design and showcasing newly acquired knowledge as to how to combine different metals into an object. You could have put a teeny bit of something in there, but I don't think it's the most functional object they created.
Interviewer/Host
Well, at the time, why was this considered a piece of art?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So I think it was in large part the innovation. In the 19th century, when you read people talking about what defines accomplishment and art, it is very focused on novelty and innovation. And so when they unveiled what they called, quote unquote, chromatically decorated silver, it is the fact that they are using both copper and silver and that they are incorporating patterns that were entirely unfamiliar to most American and Western audiences in the form of these abstracted, sort of inspired by the Islamic world and the Indian subcontinent. So that, I think, is part of it. There was a great mania at these World's fairs to celebrate sort of where did American production fall relative to crafts and art from around the world. And so this work stood out for those reasons. It was also. The acquisition was prompted and funded by a man who was. Was involved with Tiffany and Company. So it was probably a very strategic effort to get people to think about Tiffany as. As a place where fine art in the form of what we now call decorative arts is being made.
Co-Host/Interviewer
We're discussing an exhibition at the Met featuring in the work of 19th century silversmith Edward Moore, his association with Tiffany & Co. And his collections that inspired him. We're speaking with curator of American decorative arts, Medill Higgins. Harvey. Let me ask you about the section on guns.
Interviewer/Host
What did it mean for a person to carry a silver pistol?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So I liken these silver pistols to male jewelry. We don't see any evidence that these were particularly used or some of them. It's clear they really weren't used. And by having the grips decorated in such elaborate fashions, they would not be the easiest or most comfortable weapons to use. And in fact, I think they're very much more a sort of object to admire and show friends. And, in fact, the way the designs are created, they sort of think about them in two dimensions and then wrap them around the handles. And they offer a wonderful array of examples of the kind of work that Tiffany was most proud of. And so this partnership with Smith and Wesson and some other gun makers, it is a sort of curiosity. You can't really imagine what the appeal was on the one hand, but I think it is very much a sort of luxury object to be showed off and admired.
Interviewer/Host
It's so interesting in the exhibit is the lighting is really interesting.
Medill Higgins Harvey
It is so difficult to light silver. And I have such admiration for the lighting team at the Met, led by, in this case, by Jordan Ferguson. It's so hard to light silver. And the simplest way I can summarize her artistry is that she thinks about lighting the deck and letting the light bounce back up off the silver. Because if you light silver, it blinds the viewers.
Interviewer/Host
Oh, I'm glad they didn't do that.
Medill Higgins Harvey
Well, no, I mean, you know, the reflection is such that it really would not be an enjoyable experience.
Co-Host/Interviewer
No, I understand.
Interviewer/Host
This was supposed to open in July of 2020.
Medill Higgins Harvey
It was.
Interviewer/Host
What has changed as the result of waiting four years?
Medill Higgins Harvey
So in certain senses, a wonderful amount didn't change in that amount of time. You, as a curator, cannot count on the fact that every lender is going to be willing to meet the new schedule. So in certain senses, I'm happy to say, very little changed. All of the objects I hope to include are all on view in the exhibition. And because the book was published in 2021, it allowed me time to think about what I had written and what my collaborating curators had written. And having a little bit of distance allows you to maybe think in somewhat different ways about what you're going to share in the form of a label and things like that. So I think the shift is not sort of losing the forest for the trees and being a little more rational about what information that you. You need to share and what information can live in the footnotes of a book.
Interviewer/Host
For example, my guest has been Medill, Higgins, Harvey. We've been talking about Collecting Inspiration. Edward C. Moore, Ifany and co. It's at the Met through October 20th. Medille, thank you for being with us.
Medill Higgins Harvey
Thank you so much for having me.
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Podcast: All Of It (WNYC)
Episode: Edward C. Moore's Designs for Tiffany at the Met
Host: Alison Stewart
Guest: Medill Higgins Harvey, Ruth Bigelow Wriston Curator of American Decorative Arts at the Met
Date: August 5, 2024
This episode delves into the life, work, and lasting impact of Edward C. Moore—a master silversmith who shaped the course of Tiffany & Co. and the American decorative arts by drawing inspiration from his eclectic, world-spanning collection. Host Alison Stewart interviews Met curator Medill Higgins Harvey about the new Metropolitan Museum exhibition, "Collecting Inspiration: Edward C. Moore at Tiffany and Company," which displays Moore’s Tiffany designs alongside the diverse objects that inspired him. Together, they explore the personal history of Moore, his pivotal partnership with Tiffany, and the questions of cultural inspiration versus appropriation in his work.
This episode offers a rich tour of Edward C. Moore’s role as a creative force and collector, shaping American decorative arts and Tiffany’s international reputation. Listeners gain insight not only into the stunning objects but into the complexities of cultural inspiration, innovation, and museum practice. For anyone interested in art, craft, or the cultural intersections that shape great design, the Met’s "Collecting Inspiration" is not to be missed.
Exhibition:
Collecting Inspiration: Edward C. Moore at Tiffany & Co.
On view at the Met through October 20th, 2024.