American History Hit: "Elections Explained: How FDR Won Four Times" (October 21, 2024)

In this compelling episode of American History Hit, host Don Wildman delves deep into the extraordinary political career of Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR), exploring how he secured an unprecedented four presidential victories. Joined by Jonathan Darman, a renowned journalist and author of "Becoming the Personal Crisis that Made a President," the conversation unpacks the multifaceted strategies, personal attributes, and historical contexts that propelled FDR to the pinnacle of American politics.

1. Introduction to FDR’s Electoral Prowess

Don Wildman sets the stage by highlighting FDR's unique position in American history as the only president elected to four terms. He underscores the dual demands of political office: serving the public and the relentless need to campaign.

"He was also a twice elected governor of New York and a New York state senator. The man could rally the vote. He's a textbook of political triumph, electorally and legislatively."
[05:04] Don Wildman

Jonathan Darman echoes this sentiment, emphasizing FDR's transformative impact comparable to Abraham Lincoln and George Washington.

"Franklin Roosevelt is without question one of the most consequential, transformative, and I would argue, greatest presidents in our history."
[05:15] Jonathan Darman

2. The 1932 Election: A Perfect Storm

FDR's first presidential victory in 1932 emerges against a backdrop of the Great Depression, where Herbert Hoover's inability to effectively address the economic turmoil left the electorate disillusioned.

"The Great Depression has happened. The bottom has fallen out of American economy... He is not doing well at creating a sense of trust."
[08:37] Don Wildman

Darman explains that FDR's campaign was less about specific policies and more about offering a beacon of change amidst desperation.

"He's really just saying, I know you don't like this, what you're getting from Herbert Hoover's leadership in the Depression, and I'm going to offer you an alternative."
[09:24] Jonathan Darman

3. Building an Impressive Resume

FDR's political journey, marked by roles such as Assistant Secretary of the Navy and Governor of New York, provided him with a robust platform to launch his presidential campaigns. His unexpected victory as governor in 1928 after a hiatus due to polio added to his comeback narrative.

"He runs in 1928... and Roosevelt surprises everyone by winning the governorship and doing much better than his ticketmate Al Smith."
[15:28] Jonathan Darman

4. Mastery of Communication: The Fireside Chats

One of FDR's most significant tools was his ability to connect with the American public through his Fireside Chats. Unlike his predecessor Hoover, who struggled with media, FDR adeptly utilized the radio to foster a personal bond with citizens.

"If you look at the sweep of the Roosevelt presidency, he makes plenty of policy mistakes and he gets things wrong, like, quite frequently... what he's great at is forming this bond with the American people."
[26:54] Jonathan Darman

Don underscores FDR's unique ability to speak directly to individuals while addressing millions, a skill rarely matched in modern politics.

"He's so good at creating an intimacy like no other president before or since... There's emotional qualities to it."
[27:34] Don Wildman

5. Overcoming Political Challenges and Seeking a Third Term

As World War II loomed, FDR faced the contentious decision to pursue a third term, breaking the traditional two-term precedent. Darman attributes this move to both personal conviction and the global threats of the time.

"When Germany launches the battle of France... it's clear that the future of the democracies in Europe is in great peril... FDR decides that he will accept his party's nomination in 1940."
[32:54] Jonathan Darman

FDR's charisma and established trust with the public were pivotal in overcoming resistance to his unprecedented bid for a third term.

"It's his charisma, largely that ability and desire to create a connection with the people that enabled the trust that he would have had to depend upon."
[34:58] Don Wildman

6. Navigating Polarization and Party Dynamics

During FDR's era, American politics were less polarized, with both Democratic and Republican parties housing conservative and liberal wings. This environment allowed FDR to position himself as a unifying progressive figure.

"Franklin Roosevelt and Teddy Roosevelt were both examples of the sort of progressive, good government wings of their two respective parties."
[21:34] Jonathan Darman

Darman highlights that unlike today’s stark partisanship, the 1930s Democrats were fractured, yet FDR managed to navigate these divisions effectively.

7. FDR’s Failures and Controversies

While celebrating FDR's achievements, the episode does not shy away from acknowledging his significant failings. Darman discusses FDR's internment of Japanese Americans, neglect of European Jews' plight, and civil rights shortcomings, painting a nuanced picture of his presidency.

"There is no way, when you look at the internment of the Japanese population in the United States, just this sort of blatant violation of what we think of as American norms around civil liberties."
[39:34] Jonathan Darman

Additionally, FDR's attempt to "pack the Supreme Court" in 1937 is cited as a major political misstep that showcased his flawed judgment despite his broader successes.

"He goes about with this court packing scheme... and it fails spectacularly. It's a moment of great political vulnerability in FDR's presidency."
[41:13] Jonathan Darman

8. Legacy and Enduring Influence

FDR's legacy as a defining figure of the 20th century is explored, noting his influence on subsequent presidents like Ronald Reagan and Joe Biden. Darman emphasizes that FDR set a benchmark for American leadership, combining charismatic communication with strategic political maneuvering.

"If you were someone in 1932 who was deeply concerned about where America was heading and Franklin Roosevelt was what was on offer to you as the potential leadership of the country, you wouldn't have seen in him, necessarily... the greatness comes in surprising places."
[37:53] Jonathan Darman

Don concludes by reflecting on FDR's unique leadership qualities and the timing that allowed him to rise during one of America's most challenging periods.

"It's an uncanny example that the US seems blessed with leadership for the worst dilemmas we face... it's crazy."
[37:35] Don Wildman

9. Conclusion

The episode wraps up with Don and Jonathan acknowledging both the immense successes and notable failings of FDR's presidency. They underscore the complex interplay of personal skill, historical context, and political strategy that enabled FDR to secure four presidential victories, leaving an indelible mark on American history.

"Jonathan Darman is an author and journalist who writes about American politics and history. He previously came on the show to discuss becoming FDR in episode 14. Look back at that one, it'll be just as compelling in a conversation."
[41:59] Don Wildman

Notable Quotes with Timestamps

• Don Wildman on FDR's Political Triumph:
  "He was the winningest president in our history, elected to four consecutive terms in the White House and then died on the job."
  [05:04]

• Jonathan Darman on FDR’s Transformative Impact:
  "Franklin Roosevelt is without question one of the most consequential, transformative, and I would argue, greatest presidents in our history."
  [05:15]

• Don Wildman on FDR’s Communication Skills:
  "He's so good at creating an intimacy like no other president before or since."
  [26:54]

• Jonathan Darman on FDR’s Legacy Amid Challenges:
  "I think we can take consolation that that leadership can come on in surprising moments from places that we don't expect to see it."
  [37:53]

This episode offers a comprehensive exploration of FDR's unparalleled political journey, providing listeners with rich insights into the strategic acumen, personal resilience, and historical forces that shaped one of America's most iconic leaders. Whether you're a history enthusiast or seeking to understand the intricacies of political success, this episode is an enlightening listen.