President Warren G. Harding: Scandals, Affairs & Cabinet Selections
American History Hit delves deep into the multifaceted presidency of Warren G. Harding, the 29th Chief Executive of the United States. Hosted by Don Wildman and guided by Professor Jason Roberts, a historian specializing in 1920s US politics, this episode explores Harding's complex legacy, balancing his personal life, administrative scandals, and significant policy achievements.
1. Introduction to Warren G. Harding
The episode opens with a vivid recounting of Eugene V. Debs' release from prison and his meeting with Harding, setting the stage for an exploration of Harding's presidency—a term often marred by scandal yet layered with substantial accomplishments.
Don Wildman [00:00]: "History is never as simple as we may choose to believe."
2. Harding's Personality and Political Acumen
Harding is portrayed as a quintessential politician of his time—warm, likable, and highly effective in garnering public support. Professor Roberts emphasizes Harding's adeptness in relating to people, a trait that made him highly favored among his contemporaries.
Professor Jason Roberts [05:11]: "He is one of the most skilled politicians we've ever had as president."
Harding's background as a successful newspaper publisher in Ohio is highlighted, showcasing his understanding of media's growing influence in American culture.
3. Personal Life and Affairs
A significant portion of the episode examines Harding's personal life, particularly his extramarital affairs with Carrie Fulton Phillips and Nan Britton. These relationships reveal a more vulnerable and complicated side of Harding, contrasting with his public persona.
Don Wildman [09:31]: "Wouldn't you like to make the suspected occupant of the next room jealous of the joys?"
The revelation of these affairs, especially Nan Britton's memoir "The President's Daughter," and subsequent DNA tests confirming Harding's paternity, add layers to his character, illustrating the personal struggles he faced alongside his political responsibilities.
4. Scandals During Harding's Presidency
Harding's administration is infamously associated with significant scandals, most notably the Teapot Dome and the Veterans Bureau scandal. These corrupt activities, primarily involving cabinet members like Albert Fall and Charles Forbes, underscored the rampant cronyism and loss of public trust during his term.
Professor Jason Roberts [26:32]: "He signed off on transferring authority over to the Interior Department, which later led to bribery scandals."
While these scandals emerged prominently after Harding's death, they overshadowed his administration's efforts and tainted his legacy, leading to a historical perception of Harding as one of the less effective presidents.
5. Achievements and Policies
Despite the scandals, Harding's presidency saw noteworthy achievements. He was a strong advocate for racial equality and women's suffrage, appointing African Americans to federal positions and supporting the 19th Amendment. His economic policies laid the groundwork for the Roaring Twenties, transforming the national debt and achieving budget surpluses.
Professor Jason Roberts [33:09]: "He supported anti-lynching legislation and gave powerful speeches against voter suppression."
Harding's efforts to stabilize the post-World War I economy and his focus on returning America to "normalcy" resonated with a war-weary populace seeking peace and prosperity.
6. Death and Legacy
Harding's presidency was cut short by a sudden heart attack in 1923 while on a goodwill tour. His death at 57 underscored the intense pressures he faced, both personally and politically.
Don Wildman [39:25]: "He worked himself to death in the White House, with 80 to 85-hour days."
His untimely demise left many scandals unresolved publicly, but the ensuing investigations posthumously damaged his reputation, despite his substantial contributions to civil rights and economic policy.
7. Comparison with Successors
The episode concludes by comparing Harding with his successor, Calvin Coolidge. While Harding was outgoing and personable, Coolidge was more reserved and understated. Nevertheless, Coolidge continued many of Harding's policies, ensuring the continuation of economic growth during the 1920s.
Professor Jason Roberts [42:03]: "Coolidge was essentially following Harding's policies, making the transition smoother for the continuation of their agenda."
This comparison highlights the enduring impact of Harding's administration on subsequent presidencies and the broader trajectory of American politics in the early 20th century.
Conclusion
Warren G. Harding's presidency remains a study in contrasts—a leader who embodied the hopes for a return to stability and normalcy, yet whose administration was marred by significant corruption and personal indiscretions. American History Hit presents a nuanced portrayal, urging listeners to look beyond the scandals to appreciate the complexities of Harding's contributions to American history.
Notable Quotes:
- Don Wildman [00:00]: "History is never as simple as we may choose to believe."
- Professor Jason Roberts [05:11]: "He is one of the most skilled politicians we've ever had as president."
- Don Wildman [09:31]: "Wouldn't you like to make the suspected occupant of the next room jealous of the joys?"
- Professor Jason Roberts [26:32]: "He signed off on transferring authority over to the Interior Department, which later led to bribery scandals."
- Professor Jason Roberts [33:09]: "He supported anti-lynching legislation and gave powerful speeches against voter suppression."
- Don Wildman [39:25]: "He worked himself to death in the White House, with 80 to 85-hour days."
- Professor Jason Roberts [42:03]: "Coolidge was essentially following Harding's policies, making the transition smoother for the continuation of their agenda."
This comprehensive exploration of Warren G. Harding's presidency offers listeners a balanced view, recognizing both his political and personal challenges alongside his enduring contributions to American society.