Articles of Interest – Episode: Modesty Host: Avery Trufelman | Release Date: April 24, 2024

Introduction: Exploring Modesty Across Cultures and Faiths

In this insightful episode of Articles of Interest, Avery Trufelman delves into the multifaceted concept of modesty, particularly focusing on how it manifests through clothing across various religions and cultures. The episode weaves together personal narratives, expert analyses, and historical contexts to present a comprehensive exploration of modesty and its implications in today's society.

Personal Journey: Shireen's Experience with Hijab

The episode opens with Shireen sharing her personal transformation upon choosing to wear a hijab. Initially part of a secular community, Shireen describes the subtle yet profound change introduced by adding a headscarf to her wardrobe.

Shireen [00:26]: "That's the only thing I changed. I added a headscarf to my wardrobe. I still wore jeans. I still had my clothing, but all I did is I added one garment, and that was the headscarf... I don't like attention. And I'm not doing it for attention. I'm doing it for my religious beliefs."

Shireen recounts the social ramifications of her decision, noting how relationships became strained and she faced isolation. Despite these challenges, she emphasizes that her choice was rooted in her faith rather than a desire for notoriety.

Shireen [02:30]: "To be honest, the only reason I didn't want to cover early on is because I was afraid of what other people, how they were gonna react and treat me."

After a period of introspection, Shireen experiences a moment of clarity that propels her to embrace modest dressing fully, leading to a sense of empowerment and control over her own visibility.

Shireen [07:26]: "I really felt liberated and empowered after I started covering."

Religious Interpretations: Insights from Professor Faefe Shirazi

Avery consults with Professor Faefe Shirazi, an expert on religious dress codes, to unpack the Quranic foundations of modesty in Islam. Professor Shirazi clarifies common misconceptions about the hijab, highlighting that the Quran's directives on modesty are subject to varied interpretations.

Professor Faefe Shirazi [04:24]: "There are two main verses of hijab... Oh, you wives of the Muhammad. Okay, cover your jewels... This could mean any number of things."

She emphasizes that modesty in Islam is not intended to suppress women but to dignify them by fostering interactions based on personality rather than physical appearance.

Professor Shirazi [06:04]: "Modesty is not about making women disappear or shutting them up. In fact, the Quran encourages women to be intellectually active."

Professor Shirazi also critiques authoritarian interpretations, particularly those enforced by certain governments, which distort the original intent of religious teachings on modesty.

Historical Context: The Hijab in Iran

The conversation shifts to the historical enforcement of hijab in Iran, providing a backdrop for understanding contemporary issues surrounding modesty. Professor Shirazi recounts how hijab was first banned in Iran under Prime Minister Reza Khan in the 1930s as part of a Westernization effort.

Professor Shirazi [19:00]: "In 1936, hijabs were actually illegal in Iran. Reza Khan wanted to Westernize Iran to make women look modern and free and liberated."

This policy was not merely a dress code but a forceful attempt to alter cultural norms, leading to significant backlash and resistance from women who saw their autonomy being compromised.

Professor Shirazi [20:52]: "They have an issue with this veiling unveiling, forceful veiling, forceful unveiling... you are ordering them to do something, and they are not emancipated."

The Islamic Republic later reinstated hijab mandates, further entrenching it as a tool for political and social control rather than a personal or religious choice.

Modern Impacts: The Case of Mahsa Amini and Morality Police

A pivotal moment in the episode addresses the tragic case of Mahsa Amini, a young woman in Iran who was fatally beaten by Tehran's morality police for not adhering to hijab regulations. Avery speaks with two anonymous Iranian women, referred to as M and Elle, who provide harrowing accounts of their encounters with the morality police.

Elle [14:50]: "I had everything like from the checklist. I wanted to feel safe, so I accept the rules... but apparently not loose enough."

Elle describes being forcibly detained despite following the official dress code, underscoring the arbitrary and oppressive nature of these enforcement practices.

Elle [16:37]: "They say, can you just identify yourself?... but if you are already inside the bus, you are not coming out again."

These stories highlight the broader issue of how hijab has become a symbol of resistance against systemic oppression in Iran, rather than an inherent religious mandate.

Fashion and Modest Clothing: Navigating Modern Trends

Transitioning from personal and political dimensions, the episode explores how modesty intersects with contemporary fashion. Avery discusses the emergence of brands like Splashgear, founded by Shireen, which creates functional and stylish modest swimwear.

Shireen [24:38]: "I wanted swimwear that would cover me but not cling to the body when wet."

The burkini, another focal point, serves as a symbol of both empowerment and controversy. Avery illustrates how designs like the burkini challenge societal norms and provoke debates about cultural integration and women's autonomy.

Laura Kamerlingo [22:22]: "We have a burkini on view in black by Aheda Zanetti... It allows modest women to go swimming."

Through interviews with designers and users, the episode showcases the innovative ways Muslim women are redefining modesty to fit their active lifestyles without compromising their values.

Diverse Faiths: Comparisons with Judaism and Mormonism

The episode broadens its scope by comparing Islamic modesty practices with those in Judaism and Mormonism. Zahava Stadler, a practitioner of Modern Orthodox Judaism, discusses the distinct requirements for modest dress within her faith.

Zahava Stadler [25:44]: "Generally speaking, I'm wearing a skirt or dress rather than pants or shorts. I cover my legs to over the knee..."

Rosemary Card, a Mormon model, shares her experiences navigating the fashion industry while adhering to her faith's modesty standards. Her story highlights the tensions between professional demands and religious obligations.

Rosemary Card [28:15]: "I was super stressed about that because I knew in my job that I wouldn't always be able to dress modestly."

Laura Kamerlingo provides a historical perspective on Mormon modesty, tracing its evolution from early health-focused reforms to contemporary interpretations influenced by broader societal changes.

Laura Kamerlingo [35:08]: "Early style of modesty was also a means of financial independence for the church... There was a lot of emphasis on making your own clothes."

These comparisons emphasize that modesty, while a shared value across different faiths, is uniquely interpreted and practiced within each religious context.

Reflections on Modesty: Balancing Personal Autonomy and Religious Doctrine

As the episode progresses, Avery reflects on the complexities of adhering to modesty codes, questioning the balance between personal choice and religious mandates. Discussions with Jodi Avergan, involved in Jewish educational communities, underscore that while modesty can foster a respectful self-presentation, it often comes with internal and external pressures.

Avery [45:33]: "Does that mean there's, like, some element of God's will that I will never fulfill?"

Jodi Avergan reassures that religious observance is not about perfection but about striving and personal growth.

Jodi Avergan [47:56]: "The beautiful struggle, the struggle that God loves is to try to obey his rules, not to execute them perfectly, just to try."

This segment delves into the psychological and emotional aspects of practicing modesty, highlighting the tension between societal expectations and individual beliefs.

Conclusion: The Ongoing Dialogue on Modesty and Identity

In wrapping up, Avery synthesizes the diverse perspectives presented throughout the episode, emphasizing that modesty is a deeply personal yet socially influenced practice. The episode underscores the importance of autonomy in choosing how to express one's faith through clothing while acknowledging the societal and political forces that shape these choices.

Avery [44:43]: "It gives us that reminder."

Ultimately, Articles of Interest portrays modesty not merely as a dress code but as a profound statement of identity, belief, and resistance. The episode invites listeners to consider the intricate ways in which clothing intersects with religion, culture, and personal empowerment.

Notable Quotes with Timestamps:

• Shireen [00:26]: "That's the only thing I changed. I added a headscarf to my wardrobe..."
• Professor Faefe Shirazi [04:24]: "There are two main verses of hijab..."
• Shireen [07:26]: "I really felt liberated and empowered after I started covering."
• Elle [14:50]: "I had everything like from the checklist..."
• Shireen [24:38]: "I wanted swimwear that would cover me but not cling to the body when wet."
• Rosemary Card [28:15]: "I was super stressed about that because I knew in my job that I wouldn't always be able to dress modestly."
• Jodi Avergan [47:56]: "The beautiful struggle,..."

Final Thoughts

Avery Trufelman's Articles of Interest episode on Modesty offers a nuanced examination of how modesty is intertwined with faith, culture, and personal identity. By featuring diverse voices and expert insights, the podcast sheds light on the empowering and sometimes oppressive dimensions of modest dressing, encouraging a deeper understanding of its role in contemporary society.

For more discussions on what we wear and its broader implications, subscribe to Articles of Interest at articlesofinterest.substack.com.