Eric Martin (2:44)

Sure. Well, we have seen over the last several weeks Pakistan taking the leading role in passing messages between Iran and the Trump administration. A couple of weeks ago we confirmed that Pakistan had shared a 15 point proposal from the Trump administration with Iran. And we saw this afternoon the strongest indication, the first indication we got that this would be a night when diplomacy would, would not an apparent at least short term victory and avert the kind of strikes that President Trump had threatened was when we saw Pakistani Prime Minister Shabazz Sharif this afternoon posting on X on social media about the Pakistani plea to the US Request to the US to hold off for two weeks on the attack to agree to a two week cease fire in exchange for Iran opening the strait. And so that was kind of mid afternoon today. And that really set the tone for a complete 180 from what we had seen coming into the day, which was President Trump over the last 48 hours repeatedly threatening, including using curse words on Sunday to, to really rain down fire on Iran this morning, starting the day with his tweet about killing a civilization. And so, I mean it's been quite a rollercoaster in the last 12 hours or so here, no doubt about that.

Doug Krisner (4:19)

And from the Iranian side, indications that there will be safe passage for vessels traveling through the Strait of Hormuz that will be possible for a two week period, is that right?

Eric Martin (4:29)

That's what we have seen thus far from the Iranian side. And we have also started to see some reporting coming out. CNN reporting that special envoy Steve Witkoff, Vice President Vance and President Trump's son in law Jared Kushner are expected to attend talks with Iran on Friday in Islamabad. So things moving quickly here, moving from the news of this cease fire to the next step which is trying to reach a comprehensive agreement in discussions, negotiations between the US And Iran.

Doug Krisner (5:06)

Speaking with Bloomberg's Eric Martin, want to bring in Daniel Byman. He is director of the Warfare, Irregular Threats and Terrorism Program at the center for Strategic and International Studies. Daniel, thank you so much for being with us. To share your perspective, did this strike you at all in a surprising way that we would see essentially a dramatic climb down from some of the bellicose rhetoric that we had been hearing earlier?

Daniel Byman (5:34)

President Trump was clearly moving towards a decision moment and today it was either going to be significant escalation or some sort of deal. And he can now claim that it was his threats that led the Iranians to the negotiating table. It's quite possible he could have gotten this deal several weeks ago. So I'm not quite sure that's right. But this possibility has been out there. It's not a comprehensive deal. It doesn't get all of what the United States wants or even close and the same on the Iranian side. So both Sides, I think are hurting enough where they're willing to at least accept a temporary deal where perhaps several weeks ago they might not have.

Doug Krisner (6:16)

So according to the president tonight, the administration has received a 10 point proposal from the Iranian side. Trump called it workable, kind of the basis for negotiations. What would you imagine Iran wants as a part of this negotiation?

Daniel Byman (6:32)

So Iran is claiming fairly ambitious things as part of this 10 point proposal. Some of it is of course a permanent ceasefire. Right. So no renewal of war and that applies not just to Iran, but to Lebanon and Yemen. But also lifting of both primary and secondary sanctions that the US has imposed on freezing assets, allowing Iran nuclear enrichment, while at the same time Iran maintains its position that would not seek a nuclear weapon, but it would still have a nuclear program. So what Iran wants is proposing in the past has not been acceptable to different US Administrations, but it's a beginning negotiating point. So it's quite possible that the final result will be somewhere in between or frankly that there might not even be a final result. It might just be a ceasefire that's indefinitely extended rather than a more permanent deal.

Doug Krisner (7:28)

Daniel Bliman from csis, back to Bloomberg's Eric Martin. Eric, we're getting indications from CNN that Steve Witkoff along with Vice President J.D. vance and Jared Kushner, the President's son in law, are expected to attend the first round of talks in Islamabad on Friday. Do you expect this to be wrapped up within this two week period that they're calling a ceasefire?

Eric Martin (7:50)

Well, there certainly seems on the surface to be a lot that they need to get agreement on in two weeks. Some of the US Previous US Demands, objectives of the war in terms of decimating Iran, its missile program, getting Iran to stop support for proxies, getting Iran to agree to, to give up not only nuclear weapons ambitions but potential nuclear material as well, and to reopen the strait. All of these have been things that they've been at loggerheads in recent days, at least publicly. So it would seem as there is a lot that they need to get done in those two weeks, hence the need to the urgency in getting the two sides to sit down already in just a couple of days from now in Pakistan, apparently.

Doug Krisner (8:38)

Back to Daniel Byman from csis. Daniel, we were learning from the Iranian side that as long as there is no longer military campaigning from the Americans and the Israelis on Iran, the that the Strait of Hormuz will be open and free for travel for cargo vessels, notably those tankers that carry crude oil. Is there something here that you believe needs to be caveated or is this going to be kind of a durable cease fire, do you think, or is there still some level of risk that we need to be aware of?

Daniel Byman (9:16)

There's certainly some level of risk. Though I should stress this ceasefire is good news. But Iran has shown that it can close the straits. And this, Iran hopes, will be a deterrent against both US and also Israeli attacks. And one thing to remember here is, of course, there's more than just the United States and Iran. And Israel has said it will go along with this ceasefire, but Israel has its own interests and it's quite possible, especially now that Iran's air defenses are destroyed, that Israel might do a future attack and that could lead to the unraveling or at least short term unraveling of any ceasefire arrangement.

Doug Krisner (9:56)

So to what extent will the Israelis have influence over these talks that will be happening in Pakistan?

Daniel Byman (10:04)

The Israelis are listened to very carefully by the Trump administration and certainly many of their views on Iran's nuclear program and the terrorist groups that Iran supports, those are also shared in Washington. So there is a fair amount of common agreement. But the that said, there may be differences in terms of how much risk the two countries are willing to take with regard to Iran's nuclear enrichment. There may also be differences with regard to verification for things like support to Iranian proxies. So you could imagine a thousand different details where there might be a disagreement. But Israel has weakened Iran significantly in this conflict. And I think Israeli leaders are looking at this and saying this has been a major success. And as a result, I think they recognized that this war was going to end sometime and the current arrangement may be the best they can realistically hope for.

Doug Krisner (11:00)

So to what extent, though, when you look at the situation that exists with Egypt and Turkey, that have been also involved with Pakistan in trying to get talks moving forward towards some type of negotiated settlement, do you expect those parties also to be a part of what gets worked out?

Daniel Byman (11:20)

Absolutely. And these parties have influence. Egypt has some influence with Israel. They've worked closely together on a number of things, including Gaza. But both of them have tried to work with the Trump administration and they recognize that the destabilization of the Middle east is strongly not in their interest and are pushing towards resolution of this. And both are going to try to make a continued pitch for diplomacy, which along with Pakistan, they have had some success. Yes, it's been a difficult road, but you do have to recognize that many of these countries deserve credit for bringing the two parties closer.

Doug Krisner (11:57)

One of the aims, though, if I'm correct, in this was regime change. And it's not clear that that's occurred.

Daniel Byman (12:04)

I would say certainly regime change has not occurred. It is, you know, obviously different leaders because Israel and the United States have killed many of them. But the same regime, the same power system is in place in Iran. This was a goal that President Trump himself articulated, but he also articulated numerous other goals. Figures like Secretary of State Rubio articulated different goals. The United States One of the criticisms I have is the United States has been really all over the map in what it's trying to achieve. If you take minimal US Objectives, some have been achieved, but if you look at more maximal ones, especially regime change, it's nowhere close.

Doug Krisner (12:43)

Daniel, thank you so much for joining us and sharing your perspective. Daniel Byman is director of the Warfare, Irregular Threats and Terrorism Program at the center for Strategic and International Studies. Our thanks to Bloomberg's Eric Martin, our reporter in Washington, D.C. let's get to Bloomberg's Christina Raffini. She is co host of Bloomberg this weekend. Thank you for making time. I think it's your day off. Yeah, right. But there's never a day off, is there, when you're in the news business

Christina Ruffini (13:13)

and when in diplomacy. I was literally just whatsapping before we came on with a Middle Eastern source and I said the same thing, it's my day off, I'm about to go on. And they said we don't have days off anymore, so we're all in it together and we're just trying to figure out what's going on.

Doug Krisner (13:25)

So based on what you were reading in the news flow today, is this really a surprise that there have been, there's been this kind of 11th hour temporary solution?

Christina Ruffini (13:34)

I don't think so. I think the tea leaves were just not really there. But you never know with this administration. And it's such a small group of people making these decisions. As I said before, they can pivot on a dime. So even what sources are telling you can be right up until the minute the president changes his mind. The thing is, I think the president really did need an off ramp. Sources have told me it's unclear how real this Pakistani moderation is, but it's real enough that it allowed the president a way to get out of these highly charged threats he's been making over the weekend. I mean, we saw that profanity lace tweet came out while we were on the air on Sunday. And I got to tell you, we were reading another tweet from the president and I scrolled up and saw that and I Was afraid to read it on air because I thought, oh gosh, am I on a wrong website? Is this a fake true social. And it wasn't until it came through the terminal that we then realized, no, that was actually what the President had said. So a lot of relief throughout the Middle east tonight. A lot of relief on this side of the ocean.

Doug Krisner (14:34)

Speaking with Bloomberg's Christina Ruffini, co host of Bloomberg this weekend, about our top story. President Trump tonight postponing his threat to attract or attack, I should say, civilian infrastructure across Iran for two weeks as negotiators inch closer to a cease fire deal. The deadline had been 8pm Eastern Time, but around 3:25 this afternoon we learned that Pakistan asked the President for a two week extension. And this evening President Trump said he accepted that request. The Iranians, according to the New York Times, have agreed to this cease fire. And Iran tonight saying that safe passage through the Strait of Hormuz is possible for this two week period. We're seeing crude oil prices simply collapse right now. I want to bring in Terry Haines from Pangea Policy. Terry, thanks for making time. It's a busy night. Let me get your reaction.

Terry Haines (15:27)

Good evening, Doug. My reaction is that as Churchill once put it, jaw, jaw is better than war or war. So the fact that the two sides continue to jaw is a good thing. I heard enough of Christina's point to agree that, you know, there are lots and lots of loose ends here and tentative, tentative agreements for a ceasefire without a complete agreement on anything. Thirdly, just for markets, I would urge that, you know, this looks much more like, you know, a brief step back than any kind of, any kind of directional. I think you can't assume that the direction of travel here is inexorably towards peace. And people, people want to believe that. They hope it's true, of course, and, and they will expect that a move in this direction is a move towards that. I'd urge a lot of caution on that front because, you know, we frankly don't know enough about what the, the basis of the ten point plan is, whether it covers a broad swath of diplomatic issues that the United States wants, whether it's a very narrow set of issues like Iran wants or exactly what's in it. But the fact that we've got a little breathing room here is generally speaking a good thing.

Doug Krisner (16:56)

Terry, give me a sense of what President Trump has been facing in terms of domestic pressure to try to dial down the severity of what's been happening even beyond the rhetorical side and arrive at some sort of deal.

Terry Haines (17:09)

Well, Doug, I think what's been going on from the Trump side is, you know, looking through all the smoke and mirrors, you know, kind of the fog of war stuff that, that goes on. And I don't mean to minimize any of it because some of it, you know, the blow them back into the stone age sorts of things or end the civilization are, you know, quite consequential and serious statements. But, but I think, but I do think diversionary. Yeah. The war is not, not popular for a lot of reasons. Republicans to date have tended to, to back Trump for the short term, more or less uncritically. Democrats decided within hours of the beginning of hostilities that it would oppose. And so what you, and you see that political split among the elected leaders mirrored in the public, by and large. But the public does support, I think on a bipartisan basis and a quite large one, the core goals of removing Iran's ability to have a nuclear weapon. I think that that needs to be understood. So as long as the president remains the actual policy, the actual steps to get to a resolution remain laser focused on that. That said, that goal, that set of goals the public I think will continue to support if they, if the administration starts dissipating, I think then, and becomes less clear about its objectives, then I think what you have is a situation where opposition in the country rises fairly quickly and congressional opposition rises fairly quickly. Let's remember that the idea, the War powers resolution idea kicks in again. There's a minimum of 60 days, so we're coming up on that by the end of the month. And so there's a lot of pressure both domestically in terms of the, in terms of how people feel about the war and the levers available to Congress to direct some sort of conclusion. There's a real set of pressures on the White House to try to conclude something within the next three weeks or so.

Doug Krisner (19:40)

Speaking with Terry Haines of Pangea Policy, we'll get back to Christina Ruffini now. She is co host of Bloomberg this weekend. So Christina, as I mentioned, according to Axios, we'll have the first round of negotiations happening Friday in Islamabad. And we are learning from CNN tonight that Israel has agreed to suspend bombing during these negotiations. I would imagine during this two week interregnum period. How closely aligned are the US And Israel when it comes to the objectives here for some sort of deal? And would you expect Israel to play any role in these negotiations?

Christina Ruffini (20:17)

I don't think they can on the face. I mean, obviously Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is very influential in the White House and depending on what reporting you're reading, likely had a big influence in convincing President Trump to launch this attack in the first place. Has been something he has wanting, wanted for decades. And he has waited for the correct American president to be in place to convince the US to take this action. That the dangers Iran pose not just to Israel, but to the region at large, the presence of Israel publicly in these talks would be a poison pill. That would not be something Iran could allow. Just on the face of it, that would not be something I don't think Pakistan would want either. That's just not going to work. It's not going to be productive. Now, Israel in the U.S. of course, back channeling will be aligned and will be coordinating. It is significant that Israel has agreed to hold its fire as well for the past, I mean, for these next two weeks, because that cease fire would not hold. Because diplomatically, if you are Iran, if you are getting these incomings, they are not really distinguishing between the policy of those two countries at this time. So if one were to fire or the other were to fire, the C sound will break the cease. Excuse me, the cease fire would break down completely because they would assume that any strike Israel took had been made with the approval of the United States, whether or not that was true.

Doug Krisner (21:36)

Let's bring in Israel. I'm sorry, go ahead. No, no, no, no, you finish. I interrupted you. Well, I was going to bring in your friend Jeff Mason, who is our White House in Washington correspondent.

Christina Ruffini (21:45)

Oh, all right. I guess we can bring in Jeff Mason.

Doug Krisner (21:47)

Okay. Jeff, what are you hearing from the White House at this hour?

Jeff Mason (21:51)

Christina doesn't want to share the airtime. That was the problem there. No, I'm just kidding. We love being on together. What am I hearing from the White House? Well, number one, the spokesman for the White House is President Donald Trump and he made news tonight with his decision to put off this strike or to delay it in any case for two weeks and also to accept a ceasefire from Iran. So this the, I think the big question marks continue to be whether or not this will lead to a more permanent deal. And he hinted at that in his post by talking about the fact that he said Iran had given a 10 point plan that he spoke somewhat favorably of and whether or not the next two weeks is enough time for them to agree on that. But certainly if he does get the Strait of Hormuz opened, if Iran follows through on that and opens it up for two weeks, that's a huge, what I think he would probably call gift to the United States and the rest of the world while they continue these negotiations.

Doug Krisner (22:57)

Back to Terry Haines from Pangea Policy. Terry, the Iranian parliament passed a, I guess we can call it legislation recently which essentially applied a toll for vessels passing through the strait. Do you think that's a deal breaker for the Trump administration, that there is no way that any type of fee could be charged for traffic in the strait?

Terry Haines (23:22)

Well, in a state like Iran, I think those pieces of legislation aren't going to matter very much. What will matter a great deal is whether or not Iran holds to what appears to be its, its agreement to open the strait during these two, during this two week period, if Iran, Iran keeps to its word on reopening the strait, it has some ability to recover a little bit of world opinion. But right now what you have is, you know, Iran's done a very good job of making it hard for its allies China and Russia to overtly be helpful. There's a variety of ways that's been reported in which they are being more or less covertly helpful, but overtly, you know, Europe is not fully in the situation where it is interested in coming down on the Iranians nor with the global, the global south. But you know, Iran has done itself a great disservice with its Gulf neighbors. It can recover a little bit of good opinion if it holds to this deal without complications or strings or invoking the law that you just mentioned, which quite appropriate question, but should it decide it wants to start playing games or favoritism or opposite selectively applying tolls or anything like that, that is going to edge closer to being a deal breaker with the United States and Israel and is exactly the kind of thing that I'm talking about when we discussed earlier that markets should not take a firm direction of travel here to the bank. You know, that's a perfect example of something that can, that can gum up the works pretty quickly.

Doug Krisner (25:19)

Back to Bloomberg's Jeff Mason, our White House and Washington correspondent. So, Jeff, we've got this two week period now for negotiations between the US And Iran. How much of this do you think will play out publicly versus kind of behind the scenes?

Jeff Mason (25:35)

Well, I suspect it'll be a little bit of both. Number one, the president is always pretty public and he'll be continuing to update people and journalists like me will throw questions at him when we have a chance to. So that public aspect will be present. But I think it's also worth noting that this is going to be the first face to face talks that the two sides have had since before the war. So there's a public nature to that as well. Even though the media no doubt will not be allowed to sit in on those talks, there may be briefings afterwards or there may be statements with both sides at the beginning or at the end of those talks. So this is completely different from the less formal and more secretive over the phone or over email or over secure line type of communication that has been happening over the last several weeks since the war began.

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