Breaking History: The Hundred Year Holy War
Episode Release Date: January 14, 2025
Host: Eli Lake
Introduction to the Century-Long Conflict
In the episode titled "The Hundred Year Holy War," Eli Lake delves deep into the historical underpinnings of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, framing it as an enduring holy war fueled by ideological and territorial disputes. Lake meticulously traces the origins of the conflict, emphasizing the pivotal role of key figures and pivotal events that have shaped the tumultuous relationship between Israelis and Palestinians over the past century.
The October 7th Massacre and Historical Parallels
Eli Lake opens the discussion by recounting the horrific events of October 7th, where gunmen executed a brutal massacre targeting families at kibbutzim and a peace concert. Lake draws a stark comparison between the brutality of the recent attacks and the violent pogroms of the past, highlighting a recurring theme of sacificial violence in the conflict.
"October 7th was a jailbreak from what progressives often called an open air prison."
— Eli Lake [00:01]
Lake underscores the argument made by Al Jazeera journalist Marc Lamont Hill, who views the violence as a predictable response to prolonged occupation. This perspective sets the stage for a deeper exploration of the historical grievances that have perpetuated the cycle of violence.
Al Aqsa Mosque: A Symbol of Contention
At the heart of the conflict lies the Al Aqsa Mosque, a site of profound religious significance for both Jews and Muslims. Michael Oren, a historian and former Israeli Ambassador, provides critical insights into the strategic importance of this location.
"It's Al Aqsa because that's the trigger and that's the sentiment. And it's a profound and deep sentiment that Hajime Hussein succeeds in tapping into."
— Oren Kessler [07:26]
Lake explains how both communities view Jerusalem not merely as a city but as a sacred space embodying their historical and spiritual narratives. The mosque atop the Temple Mount, known to Jews as the site of the ancient Solomon's Temple and to Muslims as Haram Al Sharif, becomes a flashpoint for aggression and defense, as articulated by Hamas in their justification of the recent attacks.
Haj Amin Al Husseini: Architect of the Holy War
A significant portion of the episode is dedicated to Haj Amin Al Husseini, the first Palestinian leader, whose actions and ideology have had lasting impacts on the region's dynamics.
Eli Lake chronicles Al Husseini's rise to power during the British Mandate period, highlighting his appointment as the Grand Mufti of Jerusalem by British High Commissioner Sir Herbert Samuel. This appointment granted Al Husseini unprecedented authority, positioning him as a central figure in Palestinian nationalism.
"October 7th was called the Al Aqsa Flood. The lie Haj Amin Al Husseini told more than a century ago, it thrives today."
— Eli Lake [03:12]
Hussein Ibish, a senior resident scholar, critiques the British decision to empower Al Husseini, arguing that it inadvertently cemented a legacy of incitement and division. Al Husseini's collaboration with Nazi Germany further entrenched his role in promoting anti-Jewish sentiments, which have been echoed in various forms of Palestinian resistance movements over the decades.
British Mandate and the Birth of Palestinian Nationalism
The podcast delves into the complexities of the British Mandate for Palestine, established in 1920 following the Balfour Declaration. Under Hussein Ibish's analysis, Palestinian nationalism surged in response to Zionist immigration and land purchases, creating friction between the Arab and Jewish populations.
Eli Lake recounts the Nebi Musa riots of 1920 and the subsequent Hebron massacre of 1929, events fueled by Al Husseini's inflammatory rhetoric against Jewish presence and intentions in Jerusalem.
"The Masacre of October 7th... why did they do it?"
— Eli Lake [00:01]
These violent outbreaks were pivotal in shaping the national consciousness and hardened attitudes, setting a precedent for future conflicts.
Izzeddin Al Qasim and the Arab Revolt
Oren Kessler introduces Izzeddin Al Qasim, a radical Syrian Muslim cleric who became the first prominent figure to advocate for armed resistance against both Jews and the British. Al Qasim's declaration of jihad in 1935 ignited the Arab Revolt (1936-1939), marking a significant escalation in the conflict.
"Al Qassem became a hero of Palestinian nationalism... his death was the spark that lit a fire known as the Arab Revolt."
— Eli Lake [22:16]
Al Qasim's martyrdom and subsequent idolization by Palestinian factions laid the groundwork for future militant groups, including those responsible for the October 7th massacre.
Al Husseini’s Collaboration with the Nazis
A controversial chapter in Al Husseini's legacy is his collaboration with Nazi Germany during World War II. Jeffrey Herf, a historian specializing in Nazi propaganda, explains how Al Husseini leveraged Nazi support to further his anti-Jewish agenda.
"He was not just a propagandist for the Nazis. He relentlessly lobbied Allied and Axis governments alike to prevent Jews from leaving Europe."
— Jeffrey Herf [28:58]
Despite his significant influence, Al Husseini evaded post-war prosecution due to political maneuvers by the French, allowing him to resume his leadership role in Palestinian affairs from exile in Cairo. His efforts to dismantle both Jewish and moderate Palestinian leadership entrenched extremist positions within the movement.
The Long-Term Impact on the Conflict
Eli Lake draws connections between historical events and contemporary issues, illustrating how the foundational actions of leaders like Al Husseini have perpetuated a cycle of violence and statelessness for Palestinians.
"For generations, this lie about Al Aqsa has poisoned millions of minds. Jewish sovereignty over Israel has not destroyed Al Aqsa."
— Eli Lake [33:39]
Lake critiques modern Palestinian leadership, citing figures like Mahmoud Abbas and Yasser Arafat, who continue to propagate anti-Jewish rhetoric reminiscent of Al Husseini's legacy. The persistence of violent resistance, epitomized by groups like Hamas and their brigades, underscores the enduring nature of the holy war narrative.
Conclusion: Reflections on a Century-Old Struggle
In wrapping up, Eli Lake poses critical questions about the future trajectory of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. He challenges listeners to consider whether Palestinian leadership will eventually reject the extremist legacy that has hindered the establishment of a peaceful and sovereign Palestinian state.
"Will this be the model for the next 100 years? Or will Palestinian leaders finally reject the legacy of the disgraced brand mufti that set them on a path of misery, loss and jihad?"
— Eli Lake [33:39]
Lake emphasizes the importance of understanding historical context to resist repeating past mistakes, aligning with the podcast's overarching theme of "breaking down history to understand the present."
Notable Quotes with Timestamps
- Eli Lake [00:01]: "October 7th was a jailbreak from what progressives often called an open air prison."
- Oren Kessler [07:26]: "It's Al Aqsa because that's the trigger and that's the sentiment."
- Eli Lake [03:12]: "October 7th was called the Al Aqsa Flood. The lie Haj Amin Al Husseini told more than a century ago, it thrives today."
- Jeffrey Herf [28:58]: "He was not just a propagandist for the Nazis. He relentlessly lobbied Allied and Axis governments alike to prevent Jews from leaving Europe."
- Eli Lake [33:39]: "Will this be the model for the next 100 years? Or will Palestinian leaders finally reject the legacy of the disgraced brand mufti that set them on a path of misery, loss and jihad?"
Final Thoughts
"The Hundred Year Holy War" offers a comprehensive examination of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict through a historical lens, emphasizing the significant influence of leadership and ideology in shaping ongoing tensions. By revisiting key events and figures, Eli Lake provides listeners with a nuanced understanding of the entrenched hostilities that continue to impede peace in the region.
For those seeking to grasp the complexities of this enduring conflict, this episode serves as a crucial resource, encouraging informed discussions and reflections on potential pathways to resolution.