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Casefile Archives is simply a way to mark the 10th year, revisit some older episodes, and to offer previously subscriber exclusive episodes to the wider audience for the first time. For the re release episodes, we have fully edited, polished, re recorded and freshly produced them from start to finish to match our current production standards. They are not full rewrites. Our aim isn't to reshape the cases or alter the original storytelling, but to preserve them as they were first told while giving them the level of production they didn't have back in 2016. Where appropriate, updates have been added, but the core structure remains faithful to the originals. Because of this, these episodes may sound a little different to our recent work. Today's re release is the Somerton man, the second Casefile episode ever produced. In December 1948, the body of an unidentified man was discovered on Somerton beach in Adelaide, South Australia. At first it appeared he had simply passed away in his sleep, but as detectives examined his belongings and retraced his final movements, they uncovered a series of strange and unexplained clues that only deepened the mystery. Originally released in January 2016, the case has seen a significant development since then, which has been included in this re release version. Thank you to everyone who has listened and supported us over the years. Now here is the second episode from Casefile Archives, the Somerton Man. Our episodes deal with serious and often distressing incidents. If you feel at any time you need support, please contact your local crisis centre for suggested phone numbers, for confidential support and for a more detailed list of content warnings, please see the show notes for this episode on your app or on our website. On Wednesday, Dec. 1, 1948, the body of a man was discovered along the seawall of Somerton park beach in Adelaide, South Australia. At first, police thought they were dealing with a straightforward matter, the natural death of an unknown man who needed to be identified. However, it soon became apparent that the case was anything but straightforward. The further police looked into it, the deeper it went. Welcome to the mysterious case of the Somerton Man. The unknown individual discovered on Somerton park beach would come to be known as the Somerton Man. He was found with his head and shoulders leaning up against the seawall, his legs outstretched along the sand and his feet crossed. It looked like an uncomfortable position. When Casefile originally released this episode, the man's identity and cause of death remained a mystery. As with all unsolved cases, there were many theories and a lot of speculation. The Somerton man had no identification on him. In fact, even the labels on the clothes he was wearing had been removed. He was found with a crumpled up piece of paper featuring two words, Tamam should, which is Persian, meaning it is finished or ended. These words were later linked to a poetry book that contained what many believed to be a secret code and the phone number of a woman who lived just 400 metres from where the Somerton man was found. While she said she had no idea who the man was, many believed that she was lying. In recent years, some questions in this case have been answered. But for a long time it seemed like an impossible mystery. There were only a few details known with any certainty. We know that the Somerton man arrived at Adelaide Railway Station one day before he died on Tuesday, November 30, 1948. Upon arriving at the station, he checked in a suitcase in the cloakroom. The suitcase was tagged and a receipt was given to the Somerton Man. From a timestamp found on the suitcase's tag, it was determined that he checked it in somewhere around 11am Police suspected that the Somerton man had likely travelled to Adelaide from another large city as an unidentified man walking around a small country town or regional area with a suitcase would have caught the attention of locals. The only train arriving from a big city at about that time was one from Melbourne, the capital of the neighbouring state of Victoria. After checking in his suitcase, the Somerton man bought another train ticket to travel from Adelaide station to Henley Beach, a coastal suburb in the west of the city. It was a one way second class ticket, although nothing could really be surmised from that as that line had no first class and all tickets were classified as second class. There were two departures to Henley beach around the time that the Somerton man checked in his suitcase. One was at 10.50am and the other left at 11.51am but the Somerton man didn't catch either of these as his purchased ticket was found unused in his pocket. After his death, instead of boarding a train, he walked across the road and bought a bus ticket to Glenelg, another seaside suburb about eight kilometres south of Henley Beach. The bus departed at 11:15am and dropped the Somerton man off a short distance from where he was found dead. It's thought that the Somerton man probably purchased a train ticket to Henley beach as it was the closest railway station to his intended destination. However, perhaps after talking to someone or reading a map, he realised that a bus would be a more direct and efficient route. He then changed his plan and had no further use for the train ticket. After jumping on board what would have been an old fashioned double decker bus, he made the journey to Glenelg arriving at around lunchtime. What he did over the next few hours was anyone's guess because there were no further sightings of the summit of man until after 7:00 clock that evening. At 7:15pm, just as the sun was starting to set, a well known local businessman by the name of John Lyons went for a walk with his wife along Somerton Park Beach. As they walked, the couple spotted the Sumer man lying on the sand dressed in a suit with his head propped up against the sea wall. When John and his wife passed by, the Somerton man raised his right arm up then flopped it down again. The couple put the stranger's pose and demeanour down to him having had too much to drink. Assuming he just needed to sleep it off, they continued on their way. Now this was not a quiet isolated spot. It was a popular location with plenty of people who regularly used the beach and walked along the esplanade above. The Somerton man was lying right next to a commonly used set of stairs that led up to the esplanade. At about 8pm that night just as the light was turning to dusk, a young couple was strolling along the esplanade. They sat down on a bench right next to the staircase by the Somerton man. The couple noticed another unknown man in a hat standing at the top of the stairs who was looking down at the sand below. This man was never identified nor seen or heard from again and it remains unknown whether he is related to the case or if he was just another passerby. The young couple followed the man's line of sight and saw the legs of Somerton man sprawled out on the sand. Their view of his head and upper body was obscured by the staircase. The couple didn't see the Somerton man move, but they thought he might have changed positions at one point. They later left without seeing anyone else. At about 6 o' clock the next morning, Wednesday, December 1, two jockeys were riding horses along the beach. They rode past the Somerton man but like John Lyons and his wife, they believed he was just drunk and sleeping off a bender. However, when they rode back up the beach, passing him again, they realised that he hadn't moved at all. The man was in the exact same spot with his head propped up against the seawall in an unnatural looking position. The two jockeys approached the Somerton man to see if he was alright. They discovered that he was dead. Now, at the same time, businessman John Lyons was actually back at the beach enjoying a morning swim with a friend. He noticed the jockeys crowded around the Summerton man and realised it was the same person he'd seen the night before. He rushed over to help and called the police. Officer John Moss arrived at 6.45am he examined the scene and found a half smoked cigarette that had fallen between the Somerton man's cheek and collar. Yet there were no burn marks on his face or clothing. The sand wasn't disturbed, his clothing wasn't dishevelled and there was no debris or personal items scattered around the beach. Officer Moss determined there were no signs of violence at all. A cheque of the Somerton man's pockets found the unused train ticket, the bus ticket and two combs, one aluminium and one plastic. The aluminium comb was thought to be of American origin as there were none like it available in Australia at the time. The Somerton man's pockets also contained a packet of Juicy Fruit chewing gum, a box of Bryant and May's matches and a pack of cigarettes. The cigarette pack featured Army Club branding but the cigarettes inside were Cancerdis Club. At the time it was common for people to buy an expensive brand of cigarettes. Then keep the box and later fill it with cheaper cigarettes. Just an image thing, trying to look more distinguished while giving yourself cancer. But the funny thing about the Somerton man was that the cannidous cigarettes were the expensive ones, more expensive than the army club pack they were in. This was seen as a sign of someone who might have been trying to keep a low profile. An ambulance arrived to take the summit man's body to Royal Adelaide Hospital where a doctor pronounced him dead. The time of death estimated by the doctor was no earlier than 2am, but that was a very rough estimate. The methods used to determine when death has occurred are far superior today. An autopsy was performed the next day. The coroner's report described the Somerton man as a Caucasian male, aged about 45 years old and weighing around 80kg. He was a well built, strong man in excellent physical condition with the classic V shaped body of an athlete. His hands were smooth and uncallused, indicating he hadn't worked in manual labour, though they bore the yellow stains of a heavy smoker. His finger and toenails were well cared for. The Somerton man had well developed calf muscles with a bulge near the knee. The coroner thought this was a sign that he may have been a professional dancer, a ballet performer or similar. He was missing about 16 teeth, but that wasn't uncommon at the time. His spleen was three times the size of a normal one, which indicated pre existing illness rather than an overnight injury sustained at the time of his death. This was evidence that the Somerton man may have already been in a weakened physical state when he died. Enlarged spleens can be a result of many illnesses, including viral and bacterial infections, inflammatory diseases and even various cancers. The Somerton man's cause of death was not immediately obvious as there were no signs of foul play. It was initially believed he'd died of natural causes. The police certainly weren't treating it as suspicious and were convinced that it wouldn't be long before a friend or relative came forward to identify the body. Sure enough, many people did come forward to view the Somerton man, believing that he might have been a missing loved one. But no positive was made when he remained unidentified more than a week later. On Friday, December 10, a decision was made to embalm and preserve the body in the hopes that in the coming days or weeks somebody would identify him. But no one ever did. By now, investigators were starting to deviate from their initial belief that the Somerton man had died of natural causes. He had a healthy heart with no sign of disease or a cardiac arrest, yet something had caused it to stop beating. It was believed that this something was poison. The Somerton man's stomach, kidneys and liver were congested with a large amount of congealed blood, something that typically happens after an individual is poisoned and not when they die naturally. Tissue samples were sent away for testing with the coroner almost certain they would return positive for poison, yet nothing was detected. Dr. Robert Cowan, the chemist who tested for the presence of poisons, I found no common poison present and I do not think any common poison caused the death. If he did die from poison, I think it would be a very rare poison. I mean something rarely used for suicidal or homicidal purposes. There are poisons that excrete from the body quickly, leaving no trace. And although there was no sign that the Somerton man had vomited, something that usually occurs in poisoning deaths, it was possible that he had vomited elsewhere before making his way to the beach. The to this day, it hasn't been definitively proven that poison caused his death, but it hasn't been disproven either. Regardless, the coroner, medical examiners and police were now certain he hadn't died of natural causes. They just had to work out if his death was suicide or murder. Casefile will be back shortly. Thank you for supporting us by listening to this episode's sponsors. 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For a limited time, Home Chef is offering my listeners 50% off and free shipping for your first box, plus free dessert for life. Go to homechef.com casefile that's homechef.com casefile for 50% off your first box and free dessert for life homechef.com casefile must be an active subscriber to receive free dessert. Thank you for listening to this episode's ads. By supporting our sponsors, you support casefile to continue to deliver quality content. Detectives were assigned to the case. While there were no signs of foul play, when the Somerton man was found, something unusual was discovered after his body was examined. All of the identifying tags on his clothing had been deliberately removed, so it was impossible to see where the clothes had been made. Detectives had no idea whether the tags had been removed by the Somerton man himself or or somebody else. They checked the Adelaide train station to see if there was any unclaimed luggage, even though he had no luggage receipt on him. Amidst the public transport tickets and other items on his person, they found a suitcase that had been checked in on November 30th. At around the same time, the Summiter man arrived in Adelaide and had been left abandoned. Despite the missing receipt, detectives were certain that the suitcase belonged to the Somerton man. A piece of thread inside it matched the suit he was wearing and the clothing sizes were a match. Inside the suitcase was a dressing gown, a laundry bag, a few singlets, some underpants, two ties, a pair of slippers, a pair of trousers, a sports coat, a scarf and a shirt. There were also some coat hangers, handkerchiefs, envelopes, a cigarette lighter, a toothbrush, a razor, a shaving brush, pencils, a towel, a stencil brush and a screwdriver, a pair of scissors and a knife. Detectives found nothing significant or unusual. But there was one strange detail. The suitcase's identifying labels. Along with the labels from the clothing inside it had been removed. Just a few tags remained. The laundry bag had the name Keen printed on the label. This name was also found on one of the singlets, while one of the tyres featured the name T. Keane. This was their sole lead so far in identifying the Somerton man. It was a matter of some concern that they still had no idea who he was, despite sending his photo and fingerprints to agencies across Australia and overseas. Extensive checks into individuals with the surname Keane were conducted, but the name couldn't be matched to the Summerton man. There were no known missing persons or other unaccounted for people with that name. At the time, it was very common for people to buy second hand garments as clothing had been rationed during World War II. This meant it was very possible that the name belonged to the clothing's previous owner and not the Somerton man at all. This seemed even more likely when taking into consideration the fact that all of the other tags had been removed from his clothing and from the suitcase case, just leaving three items labelled with Keen. If the Somerton man or somebody else was trying to conceal his identity, the obvious thing to do would be to leave tags behind that bore a false name. Another key detail was the Somerton Man's missing luggage receipt. As the suitcase was found unlocked, it was possible that somebody had taken the receipt, accessed the suitcase and tampered with its contents, maybe even removed a few labels. Detectives made inquiries into the Somerton Man's clothing and found that the jacket he was wearing when he died had been made in the United States of America. His tie featured a certain print that pointed to it also being made in the United States. This didn't mean that the Somerton man was American, but it was clear that some of his clothing was. Unfortunately, the Somerton man suitcase and its contents no longer exist as they were destroyed long ago in a police cleanout. Detectives didn't know who this man was, where he came from, how he died, or if it was suicide or murder. And their job was made even harder because the investigation had started on the back foot. With the Summit of Man's death initially treated as natural, crucial evidence might have been lost. In addition to all of this, crime investigation techniques in 1948 were nowhere near the level of what we have today with DNA evidence, unheard of for another 40 years or so. The detectives were essentially chasing their tails from the very start. As the investigation continued into the early months of 1949, the Somerton Man's body was starting to deteriorate. Police decided to make a plaster cast of his head and upper body to use in their investigation. The cast still exists today. After it was made, the Somerton man was buried at West Terrace cemetery on Tuesday, June 14, 1949. A headstone was placed at his gravesite which reads, here lies the unknown man who was found at Somerton Beach, 1st December 1948. At around the same time as the Somerton man's burial, a piece of evidence was found that investigators originally missed. A crumpled up piece of paper in the Somerton man's trousers printed with the words Tamam shud. This Persian phrase means it is finished or ended. The piece of paper had been torn from a book. Investigators got to work trying to find where these words could have been taken from. They found that they were printed on the last page of a poetry book titled Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Omar Khayyam was a Persian poet, astronomer, philosopher and mathematician who lived from 1048 to 1131. Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam is an English translation of a selection of his poems completed by Edward Fitzgerald in the 1850s. The translations are pretty subjective and others have different interpretations of the poems, but Fitzgeralds are the most well known. The general theme throughout the book is one of seizing the day, living life to the fullest and dying without regret. Death is a common focus throughout. Investigators would eventually track down the actual book the Summit of Man tore the words from. But unfortunately not until a month after the inquest. A coronial inquest into the summit. A man's death was held over two days. On Friday, June 17, and then again on Tuesday, June 21. The coroner concluded the identity of the deceased was quite unknown, his death was not natural and that it was almost certainly not accidental. It was noted at the inquest how remarkably clean the Somerton man's shoes were, looking as though they had been recently polished. That, along with his well kept nails and general clean and tidy appearance, led the coroner to believe he wasn't a vagrant or drifter. The inquest was adjourned to no fixed date, meaning the case would remain open and continue to be investigated. If further information turned up, the inquest could sit again. Poison was still thought to be the cause of death and two poisons in particular were named as possible culprits. Due to being untraceable, the names of these poisons weren't released as they were easy to obtain. At the time. The last thing police wanted was to publicise an easy, undetectable way to kill someone. By now, the media had well and truly started to focus on the case following their initial disinterest. A man dying of seemingly natural causes on the beach hadn't exactly been headline grabbing. But as time went on, the mystery surrounding the Somerton man's identity and the exact circumstances of his death captured the interest of the media and the public alike. I mean, who doesn't like a good mystery? After detectives tied the words Tamam Shud to Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam, they made a public appeal asking if anyone had a copy of the book with a page or a piece of a page missing. Incredibly, on Friday, July 22, 1949, a man came forward with a copy that had a piece missing from the exact page where those words would have been printed. It was a very rare edition of the book that was published in New Zealand in 1941. The man said he'd found the book on the backseat of his open roof car and had no idea how it had gotten there. It wasn't his and he'd never seen it before. His car had been parked at Somerton park beach at around the time of the Somerton man's death. This suggested the Somerton man had thrown the book into a random car. But why discard it this way instead of in a bin? If he wanted to dispose of it? Did he want someone to find it? Was he being followed? And did that lead to him needing to get rid of the book quickly? An expert in paper was consulted and tests revealed that the crumpled up piece of paper in the Somerton man's possession was definitely from the same book that had been handed in. The identity of the man who came forward with the book is unknown. He requested to remain anonymous and police respected those wishes. As if there weren't already enough mysteries in this case, Foreign. Casefile will be back shortly. Thank you for supporting us by listening to this episode's sponsors. This episode is brought to you by Pura. After the holidays, your brain wants one thing less. Less noise, less clutter, less doing. Pura helps you reset your space with premium smart home fragrance. No complicated routine required Right now. You can get a free Pura 4 home diffuser when you subscribe for 12 months, set schedules, adjust intensity and come home to calm on your terms. This offer won't last. Get your free diffuser at Pura.