Catholic Saints Podcast: Episode Summary on St. Gregory of Nazianzus
Episode Title: St. Gregory of Nazianzus
Host: Taylor Kemp, Director of Formed (Augustine Institute)
Guest: Dr. Christopher Mooney, Professor at the Graduate School
Release Date: January 2, 2025
Introduction
In this episode of Catholic Saints, host Taylor Kemp engages in an insightful discussion with Dr. Christopher Mooney about St. Gregory of Nazianzus, one of the esteemed Cappadocian Fathers and a pivotal figure in early Christian theology. The conversation delves into Gregory's life, theological contributions, and enduring legacy within the Church.
Biography of St. Gregory of Nazianzus
Dr. Mooney begins by outlining the biographical background of St. Gregory of Nazianzus. Born around 330 AD in Cappadocia (modern-day Turkey), Gregory hailed from a devout Christian family. His father, who was converted by his mother, served as a bishop—a role not uncommon at the time due to the less stringent rules on clerical celibacy.
Gregory pursued an extensive education across the eastern Roman Empire's prominent cities, studying philosophy and rhetoric. A pivotal moment in his life occurred during a stormy journey to Athens, where he experienced a significant personal conversion, vowing to dedicate his life to Christ. In Athens, he became classmates with Basil of Caesarea and Julian the Apostate, the future Roman emperor known for his opposition to Christianity.
Upon returning home, Gregory attempted a semi-monastic life with Basil, focusing on contemplative prayer and scholarly pursuits. However, his father ordained him as a priest, leading Gregory to initially flee his ecclesiastical duties out of fear and resentment. Despite this, he returned to his role and eventually rose to become the Bishop of Constantinople, a position he held during the Second Ecumenical Council (Council of Constantinople) in 381 AD. Gregory found the political climate of the council distressing and ultimately resigned, returning to Nazianzus, where he lived until his death in 390 AD.
Personality and Scholarly Perspectives
Dr. Mooney addresses the complex personality of St. Gregory, noting that while he is revered as a saint, historical scholars often perceive him as somewhat prickly and difficult. Quoting historian Lionel Wickham, Dr. Mooney states:
"Gregory is second only to Augustine of Hippo in the degree of self-revelation. He permits himself, if less often to his advantage. For if I could wish to have known Augustine even better, I feel I know Gregory enough."
— Lionel Wickham, Introduction to a volume on Gregory [04:59]
Despite these critiques, Dr. Mooney emphasizes that such traits do not diminish Gregory's sanctity. Instead, they highlight that human imperfections are not barriers to holiness. The Tradition venerates Gregory with the title "The Theologian", a recognition he shares with only a few others in the Eastern tradition, underscoring his profound impact on theological discourse.
Theological Contributions
A significant portion of the discussion centers on Gregory's theological legacy, particularly his defense of the Trinity and his profound explorations of the Incarnation. Dr. Mooney highlights Gregory's role in shaping Eastern Orthodox theology and his influence resembling that of St. Augustine in the Western Church.
Gregory's writings, especially his homilies and letters, are lauded for their depth and clarity. His ability to intertwine philosophical rigor with devotional fervor made his theological contributions both intellectually robust and spiritually enriching.
Gregory's Preaching and Rhetoric
Dr. Mooney passionately asserts Gregory's supremacy among patristic preachers, stating:
"I think Gregory is the greatest of all patristic preachers. Wow. Augustine's a great preacher. There are many other great preachers. I think Gregory is the best."
— Dr. Christopher Mooney [08:37]
He cites Gregory's Oration 38 on Christmas as a prime example of his rhetorical mastery:
"Christ is born. Give glory. Christ is from the heavens. Go to meet him. Christ is on earth. Be lifted up. Sing to the Lord, all the earth."
— St. Gregory of Nazianzus, Oration 38 [08:37]
Gregory employs contrasts and rhetorical flourishes to convey the profound mysteries of the faith, such as the Incarnation and the union of the divine and human natures in Christ. Dr. Mooney underscores Gregory's ability to transform scriptural truths into engaging and thought-provoking sermons, making them accessible and impactful for his audience.
Takeaways and Contemporary Relevance
The conversation culminates in practical applications derived from Gregory's life and teachings. Both host and guest agree on Gregory's role as a patron saint of preachers, emphasizing the importance of preaching in nurturing and sustaining the faith community.
Dr. Mooney offers a poignant takeaway:
"We should pray to Gregory for more preachers, for people who love to preach the word. I think St. Gregory in heaven would be glad to hear these prayers."
— Dr. Christopher Mooney [12:30]
Furthermore, Gregory's commitment to holding fast to theological truths amidst controversies serves as an enduring model for contemporary Christians. His declaration:
"That which is not assumed is not healed. But what is united with God is also being saved."
— St. Gregory of Nazianzus [14:33]
highlights the necessity of whole-hearted faith and the comprehensive nature of salvation through Christ's complete humanity.
Conclusion
Taylor Kemp wraps up the episode by reinforcing the inspiration derived from St. Gregory of Nazianzus. Listeners are encouraged to engage with Scripture more deeply, drawing parallels between Gregory's fervent preaching and the vital role of Sunday homilies in modern faith practice. The episode serves as a compelling exploration of Gregory's life, theology, and lasting influence, providing both historical context and spiritual guidance for believers seeking to emulate his example.
Additional Resources Mentioned:
- On God in Christ by St. Gregory of Nazianzus
- Festal Orations – Homilies compiled in the Popular Patristics series by SVS Press
- Daily Reflections with Dr. Tim Gray – Available at daily.formed.org, offering daily scripture commentary
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