Church History Matters Podcast - Episode 093 Summary: “What Was Brigham Young's Role in the Mountain Meadows Massacre?”
Introduction to the Mountain Meadows Massacre In Episode 093 of the Church History Matters podcast, hosts Scott Woodward and Casey Griffiths delve into the complex and tragic events surrounding the Mountain Meadows Massacre, which occurred on September 11, 1857. They explore the massacre's immediate aftermath, focusing on Brigham Young's reaction, the myths surrounding his involvement, and the prolonged quest for justice against those responsible.
Context and Background Scott opens the episode by highlighting the massacre's grim facts: approximately 120 to 140 men, women, and children were brutally killed by the Iron County militia and Paiute Indians under local LDS leadership. Casey adds, “There’s so much good information now online that is laying all the facts bare” ([05:44]). The massacre occurred against the tense backdrop of the Utah War, where Brigham Young and other LDS leaders were preparing for potential conflict with the approaching U.S. army.
Brigham Young's Role: Dispelling Myths A significant portion of the discussion centers on the misconception that Brigham Young ordered the massacre. Scott clarifies, “The documentary record does not suggest even remotely that Brigham Young ordered the massacre” ([14:11]). Evidence shows that while Young contributed to an atmosphere of fear and preparedness for siege, there is no concrete proof of his direct involvement in the massacre. Notably, during John D. Lee’s execution, Lee denied any orders from Young, stating, “I do not believe everything that is now taught and practiced by Brigham Young” ([35:09]).
Aftermath and Delayed Justice The hosts examine why justice took two decades to emerge. The onset of the Civil War significantly delayed federal investigations ([44:18]). Additionally, a general amnesty was declared, complicating prosecution efforts. Scott notes, “A warrant was actually issued for his arrest... but nothing ever came of that” ([48:30]). Ultimately, John D. Lee became the sole individual executed for the massacre in 1877, after two trials and persistent public and legal pressures.
Media Representations and Historical Accuracy Casey expresses concern over inaccurate portrayals in popular media, such as Jon Krakauer’s Under the Banner of Heaven and films like September Dawn, which irresponsibly depict Brigham Young as the orchestrator of the massacre ([22:16]). They emphasize the importance of accurate historical representation and caution against sensationalized accounts that distort facts.
Fates of the Perpetrators The discussion covers the varied fates of those involved:
- John D. Lee: Executed in 1877 after being found guilty in his second trial. Lee maintained his innocence regarding direct orders from Young until his death ([51:46]).
- William Dame: Arrested but released due to insufficient evidence. He suffered strokes and died quietly, with records showing little cooperation in implicating others ([54:00]).
- Isaac Haight: Excommunicated and later reinstated, Haight lived a troubled life, eventually dying in obscurity in 1886 ([60:31]).
- Philip Clingan Smith and Others: Some turned state's evidence or died without facing justice, while others remained elusive or faced minimal repercussions ([53:49]).
Church Apologies and Healing Efforts The podcast acknowledges the LDS Church's efforts to address this dark chapter in its history. Significant apologies were issued, including one by Elder Henry B. Eyring in 2007 and gestures by leaders like Rex E. Lee and President Gordon B. Hinckley in the 1990s ([62:56]). Casey shares moving quotes from a healing quilt created by descendants, emphasizing forgiveness and understanding ([65:40]).
Conclusion and Future Directions Scott and Casey conclude by recognizing the enduring controversy surrounding the massacre but express hope for ongoing healing and reconciliation. They highlight the importance of transparent historical discourse and the church’s role in fostering peace and understanding. The episode sets the stage for the next installment, featuring authors Richard Turley and Barbara Jones Brown, who offer deeper insights into the massacre based on their acclaimed research ([67:26]).
Notable Quotes:
- “[...] nothing that any of the immigrants purportedly did or said, even if all of it were true, came close to justifying their deaths.” – Rick Turley and Barbara Jones Brown ([13:03])
- “I do not believe everything that is now taught and practiced by Brigham Young.” – John D. Lee, during his execution ([35:09])
- “History cannot be unlived, but understanding and forgiveness make both the present and the future brighter.” – Marlon Jensen, descendant of massacre survivors ([65:41])
Final Thoughts This episode of Church History Matters provides a comprehensive and nuanced examination of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, challenging prevailing myths about Brigham Young's involvement and highlighting the complex aftermath faced by the perpetrators. Through meticulous analysis and poignant reflections, Scott and Casey offer listeners a deeper understanding of one of the most tragic events in LDS history and the ongoing efforts to reconcile and heal from its legacy.