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- [00:02]
Vanessa Richardson
Hi, it's Vanessa. If you're drawn to true crime stories about disappearances, there's a new Crime House original you should check out. It's called the Final Hours, hosted by Sarah Turney and Courtney Nicole. Sarah's an advocate for missing and murdered victims whose own sister disappeared in 2001. And Courtney is a true crime storyteller who's seen firsthand how crime can change a family forever. Together, they bring lived experience to every case, examining the moments just before a person disappears, the routines, the timelines, the small details that often get overlooked because every disappearance has a moment where everything still feels normal. Until it doesn't. Listen to and follow the final hours on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, or wherever you get your podcasts. New episodes drop every Monday. This is crime house. In 1951, the Cold War was just starting to heat up. As the threat of a Soviet invasion loomed over Western Europe, the US Hatched a plan to protect its allies. In a document from that year, the CIA laid out its idea. It read, quote, mission the utilization of covert operations to the fullest practicable extent to assist in accomplishing the military defeat of the USSR and her satellites. In other words, the Americans wanted to install secret armies in each of their allied countries. In case of an invasion, those paramilitary groups would slow down the Soviets until the US could retaliate. As the years passed, these elite soldiers prepared for battle. But the but eventually it became clear the USSR wasn't going to attack. But even then, the armies didn't disband. Some experts think they were just reassigned to other missions, including some of the most devastating terror attacks in history. From UFO cults and mass suicides to secret CIA experiments, presidential assassinations, and murderous doctors, these aren't just theories. They're real stories that blur the line between fact and fiction. I'm Vanessa Richardson, and this is Conspiracy Theories, Cults, and Crimes, a Crime House original powered by Pave Studios. Every Wednesday and Friday, I'll explore the real people at the center of the world's most shocking events and nefarious organizations. These cases are wild and I want to hear what you think at the end of each episode. Leave a comment wherever you listen. Be sure to rate, review and follow Conspiracy Theories, Cults, and Crimes to continue building this community together. And for ad free early access to both of our weekly episodes, subscribe to Crime House plus on Apple Podcasts Today. I'm talking about a conspiracy theory that goes back to the Cold war. In the 1950s, the US and its allies were focused on preventing an all out Soviet invasion. So they installed Stay behind units in Europe. These were local soldiers who were trained as elite fighters. This mission would come to be known as Operation Gladio, and according to official government accounts, they never actually did anything because the Soviets never attacked. But a lot of people think these soldiers got a different assignment instead. According to some, those Stay behind armies helped orchestrate bombings and murders to convince European citizens that capitalism was the way forward. And while the US Denies any role in these events, the very existence of Operation Gladio raises a difficult question. What's the point of a weapon without an enemy to use it on? All that and more coming up. These days I'm really focused on quality over quantity. I'm raising my standards, especially when it comes to my closet. If it's not well made and versatile, I just don't bother. That's why I love Quince. Their fabrics feel elevated, the cuts are thoughtful, and the pricing is surprisingly reasonable. They make wardrobe staples in 100% European linen, silk and organic cotton poplin. Their cotton cashmere sweaters are light, soft and perfect for layering this season, and their spring colors gorgeous. Everything is designed to make getting dressed effortless. These are pieces built to last soft gauze that isn't flimsy linen that holds its shape and stitching that really stands up over time. That cotton cashmere sweater I grabbed has become my daily Go to light, luxe and exactly what I want. Stop waiting to to build the wardrobe you actually want right now. Go to quint.com crimehousepod for free shipping and 365 day returns. That's a full year to wear it and love it. And you will now available in Canada, too. Don't keep settling for clothes that don't last, go to q U-I-N c e.com crimehousepod for free shipping and 365 day returns. Quince.com crimehouse podcast real skin results start
- [05:36]
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- [06:07]
Vanessa Richardson
In early 1940, World War II couldn't have been going worse for the Allied forces. The US Was still more than a year out from officially getting involved, and the Soviet Union hadn't announced its stance on Germany. That meant it was just the United Kingdom, Belgium and France going up against the Nazi army. And it was a losing fight. On May 10, 1940, the Germans invaded parts of France and quickly outmaneuvered the Allied forces. Within six weeks, they tore through Belgium and the Netherlands. Then they drove the British armies to the sea at Dunkirk, where they were forced to evacuate. The remaining French troops struggled to hold their own against the Nazis superior planes and tanks. Victory seemed nearly impossible. And then things got even worse when Italy joined the Germans. France was suddenly fighting a war on two fronts. And on June 22, 1915 40, just a month and a half after the invasion began, the French government surrendered to the Axis powers. The British were now alone in the fight. Months earlier, the UK's Prime Minister, Winston Churchill, had vowed that his country would stand strong. He said, quote, we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall never surrender. But to do that, the British needed a secret weapon, something the Nazis wouldn't anticipate. In the summer of 1940, Churchill created the Special Operations Executive, or SOE. The organization bankrolled resistance and espionage operations across occupied Europe. But that wasn't the SOE's only mission. They were also tasked with creating a network of trained soldiers to stay in the United Kingdom and fight back against a Nazi invasion. The project was headed by Colonel Colin McVean Gubbins, a lifelong soldier who'd survived both mustard gas and a bullet to the neck in World War I. During that time, Gubbins had become an expert in guerrilla warfare, where a smaller fighting force uses hit and run tactics and sabotage against a larger army. Gubbins used those insights to create the SOE's auxiliary units, the secret forces that would stay behind to fight the Nazis. The Most of the recruits were men who'd been exempt from military service. Farmers, factory workers and teenagers who were too young to be drafted. They trained in the art of guerrilla warfare, learning how to construct roadside bombs and attack the enemy with minimum risk of contact. Dozens of women also joined the auxiliary units operating radios to link the guerrilla Network. By early 1941, the units were fully operational. Now the only thing to do was wait until the Nazis stormed the uk. But months passed and the Germans stayed put. By the end of 1941, the Soviet Union and the United States had joined the fight against the Nazis. Suddenly, Hitler's army was fighting a war on multiple fronts and couldn't commit to invading the uk. The British Auxiliary units were never deployed. But the idea stuck. And as the Cold War began, it would grow into something far more dangerous. So fast forward three years, it's 1944 and Germany is on the brink of surrender. The Americans and British are sweeping across the Western front and the Soviets are close to taking Berlin. The Allied powers were united against Germany, but the Americans and British knew their association with the USSR would only last as long as the war did. To them, the Soviets communist ideology had the potential to be an even bigger threat than the Nazis. Even before the end of World War II, the battle between capitalism and communism had already begun. During the war, Nazi occupied Greece had two major resistance organizations. One supported the exiled Greek king and the other wanted a new communist government. By 1944, the two resistance groups were fighting against each other as much as they were against the Nazis. But when the British army arrived in the country in October of that year, they wanted to reinstate the King. That didn't sit right with the communist fighters who had helped liberate the country. So on December 3, 200,000 people protested in front of Athens Royal palace under the direction of the British army. The Greek police opened fire on the crowd, killing 28 protesters and wounding hundreds. According to a Life photographer, quote, the police fired without provocation. This massacre would be the first spark in the Greek civil war and the first front in the brewing Cold War. After the Allied forces officially defeated the Nazis on May 8, 1945, the US and the Soviet Union began carving up Europe. Europe deciding who would influence which countries. The Americans got the western nations like France, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands. Meanwhile, Germany was split in half, creating two countries. The Soviets gained influence over the Eastern European countries, including East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania. At that point, neither the US nor the Soviet Union was willing to risk another another global war. But they were still fighting under the radar. It quickly became clear that this new conflict would be defined by proxy wars like the one in Greece. And the only way to win would be through espionage and covert operations. That's why President Harry Truman ordered the creation of the Central Intelligence Agency in 1947. The CIA's Office of Policy Coordination Nation led the charge in installing new spy agencies across Europe to aid in the fight against the Soviets. While the Americans built up their military and covert power, the Soviet Union was doing the same thing. Neither nation knew who would strike first. But the Americans weren't willing to take any chances. That's when they decided to take a page out of the UK's playbook. Using the same techniques as Britain's auxiliary units, the CIA started installing Stay behind guerrilla forces all across Western Europe. In 1947, the CIA helped organize the Western Union Clandestine Committee, or the WUCC. It was made up of the United Kingdom, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. The goal was to coordinate the training and implementation of guerrilla warfare. Then, in 1949, the U.S. spearheaded the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, or NATO, to create a military alliance against the Soviet Union. Twelve countries signed the treaty, including the U.S. canada, Iceland, Italy, Denmark, Portugal, and Norway. The WUCC was folded into NATO's network of collective security. If one country were attacked, the rest would come to defend it. This was meant to discourage the Soviets from expanding westward. But the NATO states knew they could only hold off the USSR for so long. In August 1949, just a few months after the formation of NATO, the Soviet Union had its first successful test of an atomic bomb. Suddenly, the United States had lost its edge. As the threat of nuclear war loomed, the NATO countries ramped up their stay behind guerrilla armies. And by the mid-1950s, they each had their own units, which worked in tandem with local intelligence agencies. In Italy, this project was called Operation Gladio, after the short sword used by Roman soldiers. This name would come to encompass the entirety of the Stay behind operation across Europe. The men in Operation Gladio were elite soldiers, and many had fought in World War II, either on the front lines or in resistance efforts against the Nazis. They had experience in the art of sabotage and were highly skilled with all kinds of weaponry. But most importantly, they were extremely anti communist. And they weren't the only ones. In 1958, the US helped form the Allied Clandestine Committee. This officially brought the European covert operations under one umbrella. It also unleashed a whole new wave of violence.
- [15:13]
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- [16:22]
Vanessa Richardson
From the start of the Cold War, the United States and its partners in NATO promised that capitalism was the way forward. They spent the decade after World War II trying to spread freedom, democracy and economic prosperity around the globe. But by the early 1960s, that message rang hollow for some Americans. Part of the shift in attitude had to do with the red scare and McCarthyism. That was when alleged American communists were brought before Congress and blacklisted from business and society. At the same time, the injustices against black people in the south were making international headlines. The Soviet Union saw this and latched on. The USSR promised that its society was free from racism. Of course that wasn't entirely true, but it had the intended effect. Suddenly, lots of left leaning citizens in the US and Europe started to wonder if maybe the Soviet Union wasn't all that bad. And this only led to more tension. And soon extremist groups on both sides of the political spectrum were going head to head. Civil rights and labor leaders were assassinated. Worldwide domestic terror attacks suppressed public protests. On its face, it seemed like those right wing groups were led by local militias. Everyday people who were fed up with Soviet propaganda. But in the decades since, these attacks have actually been linked to the COVID armies that were established in the early days of the Cold War. And it's not just conspiracy theorists who have sounded the alarm. The soldiers themselves have come forward to share the truth. Born in 1914, Andre Moyas was one of Belgium's most important spies during the German occupation. But there was one thing he hated even more than the Nazis. Communism. After World War II came to an end, Moyan was recruited by the Belgian intelligence services. He went on to become one of their most successful operatives. Using his connections to the country's police, Moyan formed an organization called the Belgian Anti Communist Bloc which terrorized suspected communists. The organization had a lot of crossover with Moyan's other work, running the Belgian wing of Operation Gladio. Like with the anti communist bloc, Moya ran the stay behind units like his own personal army. Especially during a major period of upheaval in Belgium. In 1950, Belgium was in the midst of a deep political crisis. Most citizens felt like King Leopold II had abandoned his country. During the war and in the aftermath, Belgians were split on whether they should let him go keep the throne. The Belgian Communist Party, led by Chairman Julien Lao, was dead set on abolishing the monarchy and they'd gained a lot of ground in the last few years. Lao in particular represented a threat to the status quo. And according to historians, Andre Moya was the one who decided that Lao needed to go. On August 18, 1950, Lao was shot by two unknown assassins in his own home. The murderers were never officially caught, but decades later, they were revealed to be members of the Stay behind network organized by Moya. In a document sent to a former interior minister, Moya said Lao's execution was necessary since he was an agent of the ussr. Laos assassination was the first time a Stay behind network was used used for anti left wing political violence. But it wouldn't be the last. South of Belgium, Italy's post war position was unique. It had been an enemy of the Allies during World War II, but became one of the first NATO states in 1949. Within the country, political allegiances were split. Some citizens clung to Bonito Mussolini's fascism. Others sided with the new American led capitalism and a good number supported communism and democratic socialism. This mix of ideologies made the country an important battleground in the eyes of the CIA, and Operation Gladio was key to their strategy. Italy's Stay behind forces were implemented in the early 1950s under the Minister of Defense, Paolo Emilio Taviani. Unlike other Stay behind units, Operation Gladio coordinated intensely with the CIA and the American agency gave the units an explicit mission. They were to control the population in the event of a, quote, emergency situation created by domestic upheaval. That situation would come to pass a few decades later and it would completely revisit, reshape Italy as a country. By the late 1960s, Italy's political situation had exploded, literally. Student protests in 1968 sparked a period of social unrest in the country. Things escalated a year later when right wing terrorists bombed a bank at the Piazza Fontana in Milan, killing 17 people. The terrorists tried framing left wing activists for the attack. Even though this was proven false. The bombing spread fear among the population and kicked off two decades of political violence in Italy known as the Years of Lead. Eventually, the people of Italy learned this violence was actually encouraged by the United States. The goal was to undermine and discredit left wing activists. Decades later, Gen. Gerardo Cervale, who headed Operation Gladio from 1971 to 1974 during the years of lead, testified in Rome. He said the CIA helped coordinate training for Operation Gladio soldiers. They were even sent to the UK to train on a base built by the United States. General Gianna Delio Maletti, a former head of Italian military counterintelligence, also testified in court. He alleged that the CIA had actually supplied the explosives used in the Piazza Fontana bombing and that they had used the Operation Gladio network to do it. Paolo Emilio Taviani, the co founder of Italy's Operation Gladio, corroborated this account. He admitted their intelligence service was aware of the bombing before it happened and tried to shift the blame onto left wing anarchists. The Piazza Fontana bombing and the assassination of Julien Lau in Belgium were just two acts of terrorism with proven ties to Operation Gladio. But similar attacks were committed across Europe. And they're not all as clear cut. Stay behind armies were set up in as many as 15 European countries during the Cold War. Even those that were supposed to be neutral, like Switzerland. The Stay behind army in Greece was given the nickname Operation Sheepskin. But there they were known as the Hellenic Raiding Forces or with Greek abbreviation the L.O.K. The group was established after the Greek Civil War where US forces helped defeat communist rebels. Afterwards, the LOK maintained close ties with the CIA and became active in intelligence operations around the country. And they sensed trouble brewing. Throughout the 1960s, the conservative Greek government repeatedly failed to build a coalition and liberal reformers began to make progress. Before there could be a transition of power, the Greek military attacked on April 21, 1967. They overthrew the government and instituted a military dictatorship. The Stay behind units of the LOK participated in the coup, forcibly taking command of the Greek Defense Ministry. There's no evidence that the CIA knew about the coup before it happened or assisted the LOK in any way. But afterward, the US government formally supported the military government with or without their help. The Stay behind army had helped squash left wing opposition. And Greece wasn't the only country where that happened. Spain officially joined NATO in 1982, but had close ties with the United States long before that. While they never set up their own Stay Behind Army, Gladio operatives worked within the country for years. After the fall of Francisco Franco's fascist government in 1976, a separatist movement known as Carlism gained momentum. On May 9th of that year, a massive Carlist rally in Montehura was interrupted when a cross group of far right terrorists opened fire on the crowd. Two people were killed and three others wounded. In the aftermath, it came out that one of the gunmen was Italian terrorist Stefano Deli Chie. Allegedly he had ties to Operation Gladio. Just one year later, five communist labor activists were murdered in Madrid. One of their killers was a man named Carlo Chicutini. Later it was revealed that Cicutini was also an Italian gladio operative. Again, there's no evidence these attacks were coordinated as part of Operation Gladio, but Andre Moya, the leader of the Belgian anti communist bloc, testified that Gladio was operational in Spain after the fall of Franco's regime. Regardless of where these attacks originated, the use of stay behind armies became less important as the decades passed, especially because by the late 1980s the Cold War was beginning to thaw. At that point the Soviet Union was on the path to falling and the capitalism forward policies of Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher had moved the world even further right. In Italy, the years of lead ended in 1988 with stronger anti terrorism laws and the arrests of key extremist leaders. Meanwhile, Belgium's right leaning Christian Democrat Party held power for decades. Still, the leftist movement did make some progress. After the end of the military coup, Greece became a socialist republic focused on reform and as Spain transitioned into a constitutional monarchy, the Socialist Party was elected in a landslide in 1982. With the changing tides, Operation Gladio was quickly becoming antiquated, especially as the world grew increasingly digital. By 1990, espionage efforts were less on the ground and more online. It seemed clear that the remaining stay behind units were on their way out, but that process was accelerated when the media learned the truth about their efforts and ensured the world did too.
- [27:44]
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- [29:13]
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Heath (Going West Podcast Host)
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- [30:15]
Vanessa Richardson
on October 23, 1990, the last meeting of the Allied Clandestine Committee was held in Belgium. By then, a number of ACC members had already shut down their stay behind units. Operation Gladio was becoming a thing of the past. Normally it would take years for such a wide ranging operation to be revealed, but the very next day Italian Prime Minister Giulio Andriati held a press conference admitting the existence of Operation Gladio. Andreati didn't come forward because he wanted to, though he came forward because Italian courts were close to uncovering the truth about Gladio. During the briefing, Andreati talked about a coordinated response between the NATO states in the event of a Soviet invasion. He even offered a list of 622 civilians who were trained as operatives. Andrade's disclosures were groundbreaking, but they were also somewhat misleading. He said the operation began in in 1964 under the Allied Clandestine Committee, when it was really set up almost a decade earlier. Additionally, Andreotti's list of civilian operatives was later proven to be incomplete. Not only that, but he denied the government had anything to do with the bombings that took place during the years of lead. This was only technically true, since the CIA's involvement was funneled through Gladio operatives. Despite these discrepancies, Andreati's announcement revealed just how widespread Operation Gladio was, and it sparked a reckoning that gripped Europe. Two weeks after Andradi's press conference on November 5, 1990, a NATO spokesperson denied any involvement between the organization and Operation Gladio. But the media had already picked up the story, and over the next few weeks, each country that had stay behind Armies was forced to come clean. The French government admitted they had a Stay behind army as part of the Allied Clandestine Committee which trained in guerrilla tactics in West German forests. But they told the media it had no connection to any terrorist networks and had recently been disbanded. Belgium, Belgium, Portugal, the Netherlands and Greece all confirmed their involvement in Operation Gladio, though Greece denied a connection between the operatives and the military coup. Meanwhile, the US and the UK refused to comment on the operation. When Admiral Stansfield Turner, then head of the CIA had a TV interview in late November 1990, he wouldn't discuss it at all. When the reporter pressed him, Turner ripped off his microphone and walked off set. Clearly he knew the existence of these secret armies was highly controversial. Most European citizens didn't like the idea of US backed espionage groups embedded within their countries. But one of the most disturbing accounts of Operation Gladio came from the supposedly neutral country of Switzerland. A few months before Giulio Andreati held that press conference, the Swiss parliament uncovered a Stay behind army in their country. It was known as Project 26 or P26. While P26 wasn't set up under NATO, it maintained close connections with British intelligence. Like in other countries, its operatives targeted left wing activists. In the 1960s, P26 collected files on almost 8,000 so called suspect persons. These included leftists, anti nuclear demonstrators and Jehovah's Witnesses. Decades later, when the government began to investigate Project 26, one former operative named Herbert Alboth wrote a letter to the Defense Minister. According to Colonel Alboth, he could reveal the whole truth. A month and a half later, before he could do so, Alboth was murdered in in his own home. No suspect was ever arrested. Several months later, on November 14, 1990, right in the middle of the Operation Gladio scandal, the Swiss parliament shut down Project 26 for good. Three days later, they published a detailed report about the Stay Behind Army. But there was still a lot more to the story. As people around the world came to terms with P26 and Operation Gladio, they started to wonder if those forces were connected to the terrorist attacks that ravaged Europe in the 1970s and 80s. And one man made it his mission to expose everything. In 2005, a Swiss conspiracy theorist named Danielle Ganzer published NATO's Secret Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe. Ganzer's book linked the CIA and Stay Behind Armies with dozens of high profile acts of terrorism across several decades. In total, Ganzer claimed Operation Gladio was responsible for hundreds of deaths and thousands of injuries. Some of the evidence he presented was thorough and compelling. While other connections were a little more controversial. Ganzer pointed to a prediction particular document to justify his claims, Supplement B to the US Army's Field Manual. 30, 31. The document surfaced in Turkey in 1970 before being spread around Europe in subsequent years. It allegedly showed that faking domestic terrorism was American military policy. The document supposedly said, quote, there may be times when host country governments show passivity or indecision in the face of communist subversion. In such cases, US army intelligence must have the means of launching special operations which will convince the HC governments and public opinion of the reality of the insurgent danger and of the necessity of counteraction supposedly is the keyword because according to military scholars and the US Government, Supplement B did didn't exist. Some claimed it was a forgery put out by the Soviet Union to discredit American policy. And the U.S. state Department said it had long been publicly identified as a phony document. In the years since, Ganzer hasn't done himself any favors. Instead of gathering additional evidence, he linked the gladio conspiracy with 911 and the COVID 19 pandemic. According to him, armies modeled on Gladio units were used to perpetrate these events. His claims got him fired from his post at ETH Zurich's center for Security Studies. But even though Ganzer may have been discredited, Operation Gladio hasn't. And today there's still many unanswered questions about Gladio and the upheaval of the late 20th century. In the tiny nation of the Luxembourg two police officials are on trial in connection with two bombings that took place in the 1980s. Many citizens believe these officials had ties to Operation Gladio. The truth is we'll probably never know the full extent of Operation Gladio. But certain facts aren't up for debate. We know the US government was worried about a Soviet invasion and organized stay behind forces to fend them off in case of an attack. We know those units persisted through the Cold War. And we know there's a lot of compelling evidence to suggest that Operation Gladio was connected with terrorism. Some, like the assassination of Julien Laux, have been proven by historians. But when it comes to Ganzer and his claims, there are some major leaps in logic. For over half a century, hundreds of government officials were involved in Operation Gladio. Ganzer thinks each one contributed to the conspiracy wholeheartedly without telling anyone what they did. It's a lot to take in and I'd love to get your thoughts. What do you think about Operation Gladio? Do you believe that the CIA was behind these terrorist attacks. And do you buy Danielle Ganzer's conspiracy theories? Tell us in the comments. We would love to hear. Operation Gladios started with pretty noble aims, protecting Western Europe against the very real threat of invasion. But the longer the Cold War dragged on, the more the enemy and the mission began to mutate. Conspiracy aside, the evidence shows the CIA and its fellow intelligence agencies were focused on suppressing left wing groups. For all their propaganda about spreading democracy, they were committed to destroying the rights of people in their own countries. And that's something we all deserve to know the truth about. Thanks so much for listening. Good evening, I'm Vanessa Richardson and this is Conspiracy Theories, Cults and Crimes. Come back next time. We'll decode the episode together and hear another story about the real people at the center of the world's most notorious cults, conspiracies and criminal acts. Conspiracy Theories, Cults and Crimes is a Crime House original Powered by Pave Studios. Here at Crime House, we want to thank each and every one of you for your support. If you like what you heard today, reach out on social media, rime house on TikTok and Instagram. Don't forget to rate, review and follow Conspiracy Theories, Cults and Crimes wherever you get your podcasts, your feedback truly makes a difference. And to enhance your Conspiracy Theories, Cults and Crimes listening experience, subscribe to Crime House plus on Apple Podcasts. You'll get every episode early and and ad free. We'll be back on Friday. Conspiracy Theories, Cults and Crimes is hosted by me, Vanessa Richardson, and is a Crime House original powered by Pave Studios. This episode was brought to life by the Conspiracy Theories, Cults and Crimes team. Max Cutler, Ron Shapiro, Alex Benedon, Natalie Pertzovsky, Lori Marinelli, Sarah Camp J, Jake Natureman, Leah Roche and Michael Langsner. Thank you for listening. Close your eyes, exhale, feel your body relax and let go of whatever you're carrying today. Well, I'm letting go of the worry that I wouldn't get my new contacts in time for this class. I got them delivered free from 1-800-contacts. Oh my gosh, they're so fast. And breathe. Oh, sorry. I almost couldn't breathe when I saw the discount they gave me on my first order. Oh, sorry. Namaste. Visit 1-800-contacts.com today to save on your first order. 1-800-contacts. Hi, it's Vanessa. If you're drawn to true crime stories about disappearances, check out the new Crime House original, the Final Hours, hosted by Sarah Turney and Courtney Nicole. Listen to and follow the final hours on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, Amazon Music, or wherever you get your podcasts. New episodes drop every Monday. Lifelock how can I help? The IRS said I filed my return, but I haven't.
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