← Criminal
Criminal
The Family Land, Part 1
00:35:47
Melvin Davis and Licurtis Reels refused to leave the land that had been in their family for generations – so they were sent to jail. They expected to be in jail for 90 days. They were there for 8 years.
Loading summary
Transcript111 lines
- [00:01]
Apple Pay Advertiser
This message is a paid partnership with Apple Pay. When you've got a gift list to finish, the last thing you want to do is take out your wallet a million times. Instead, pay the Apple way. With Apple Pay, you can pay with the phone you're already holding. Just double click, smile at Face ID tap and you're done. The people in line behind you will thank you. Apple Pay is a service provided by Apple Payment Services, llc, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. Any card used in Apple Pay is offered by the card issuer.
- [00:34]
Botox Advertiser
Botox Cosmetic Adabotulinum Toxin, a FDA approved for over 20 years. So talk to your specialist to see if Botox Cosmetic is right for you.
- [00:44]
Botox Safety Announcer
For full prescribing information, including boxed warning, visit botoxcosmetic.com or call 877-351-0300.
- [00:53]
Botox Advertiser
Remember to ask for Botox Cosmetic by name. To see for yourself and learn more, visit botoxcosmetic.com that's botoxcosmetic.com.
- [01:07]
Narrator
You come to.
- [01:07]
Podcast Host
The New Yorker Radio Hour for conversations.
- [01:09]
Botox Safety Announcer
That go deeper with people you really want to hear from, whether it's Bruce Springsteen or Questlove or Olivia Rodrigo, Liz.
- [01:17]
Podcast Host
Cheney, or the godfather of artificial intelligence.
- [01:20]
Botox Safety Announcer
Geoffrey Hinton, or some of my extraordinarily well informed colleagues at the New Yorker. So join us every week on the.
- [01:27]
Podcast Host
New Yorker Radio Hour wherever you listen to podcasts.
- [01:36]
Narrator
How long have you lived on this land?
- [01:38]
Podcast Host
I've been on this land all my Life. I am 64. I'll be 65 in August. I've been here all my life.
- [01:47]
Narrator
And how long has your family lived on this land?
- [01:51]
Podcast Host
100, 200 years. We've been here all our life. That's all we know.
- [01:56]
Narrator
This is Mamie Reels Ellison, her mother's family. The Reels family has owned land on the coast of North Carolina since 1911, when Mamie's great grandfather purchased 65 acres. What was it like growing, you know, in the summer here, being a kid here?
- [02:14]
Podcast Host
Well, for me, being that little girl, always wanted to go to Disney World. So the, the water was just this magical thing to me because I just always had that imagination about mermaids. But growing up here on this road, you were free. I was a little girl, but I could kick off my blouse and run like the boys, you know, and you could run free. You had the fields to play ball in. You could ride your bikes and you could basically ride in the road because it was a dirt road. And I remember as a little girl there was an ice cream truck that came down. So this Was a quiet area. You could. It was so quiet, you could hear the crickets and the frogs at night. But the ice cream truck was coming. You could hear the ice cream truck coming, playing the music. And you run out and get your ice cream. If you had the money. And growing up in the summertime, you wanted that beach fall and that float, and you could go to the water, you could go swimming. And then my mother would go to work and say, don't go to that water. I had enough time to go to that water, go fishing, go swimming, and go to that water hose and shower off, get the sand off me before she got home from work. And the only thing that stopped me from doing that was I went fishing one day with her swimming po and she told me not to. And I caught an eel. I had never seen an eel, but I thought it was a snake. I let go, fishing pole and all. So I paid the consequences when she got home from work. But that was the beauty of growing up here on silver dollar road. You could just run free.
- [04:08]
Narrator
Mamie reels still lives on her family's land, surrounded by dozens of family members living on silver dollar road, the road that runs along the riels property.
- [04:19]
Podcast Host
When you come on silver dollar road, you might see 20 homes on Silver dollar road. But if you go down a dirt road or a lane, there are probably five or six, some more homes back there. Coming up here as a little girl, it was like the place to be because you didn't see a lot of law enforcement, you didn't see a lot of strangers. And you really. The amazing thing is you really knew who was who by the sound of their vehicle. You knew who vehicle it was. We lived off the land. My grandfather had hogs, and my uncles did so obey. But we lived off the land, so we had enough to keep us busy. I remember my mom doing the pickle, the pickles in the jar, the beets in the jar, and stain the green beans and preserve them for the winter, and shucking the corn and them cutting the corn off the cob and preparing it for the winter. And so it sound like hard living, but it was good living.
- [05:33]
Narrator
Mamie is the youngest of nine siblings. She was closest in age to her brother, Ly Curtis. Their mother had 10 siblings. Many of them lived on silver dollar road.
- [05:44]
Podcast Host
There was a lot of good memory, because if my mother were at work, it was that village looking out for you, you know, if she was at work, my uncle and different ones will come and say, okay, I'm making sure your kids is all right. Over here. Mamie wears like Hertis, Like Hertis wears Mamie. So we all looked out for one another.
- [06:09]
Narrator
Mamie says at the heart of her family was her grandfather, Mitchell Reels.
- [06:15]
Podcast Host
My grandfather, he was a deacon for reels Chapel for 50 years. And he had this love for people. We would sit out under his tree, pecan tree in his yard. And if we pump water for the hogs and his animal, our reward was to go to the store and pick out what we want and eat it. But he would sit under the tree and he would talk to us. And he was that kind of person that it wasn't monetary for him. Now, he knew a lot of white people with businesses and money and they respected him. And when you said Mr. Rie's name, it had a lot of power to it because he owned land, he was a business person. But my grandfather was that nurturing kind of person, he was that loving kind of person. If he loaned you money, you didn't sign a paper saying you owed him. Your word was your bond. And he was the type that once you got out of school or got married, wanted your own place, you could tell him what part of the land you wanted to be on and that's where you would be. And if he didn't want you there, then he would tell you, no, you can't have this spot, but you can have that spot.
- [07:39]
Narrator
And then when Mamamie was about 10 years old, her grandfather got sick. Her mother, Gertrude took him to C level hospital. He had cancer.
- [07:49]
Podcast Host
Now I remember the night my mother went to C level hospital to carry him. And him telling my mother he had waited too late, waited too long.
- [08:01]
Narrator
Mitchell Reels was dying and he didn't have a will.
- [08:05]
Podcast Host
And so I think he realized then that, you know, I didn't do what I really should have done. But I raised my children and they know to try to hold onto the land because he knew, he had that feeling when he got sick that the family would run into some issues with this land. He realized by not making a wheel that that was going to become a problem.
- [08:38]
Narrator
What were his wishes for the land? What did he tell your mother?
- [08:42]
Podcast Host
The night that my mother took Mitchell to C level hospital, he told my mother, whatever you do, don't let the white man have my land.
- [08:56]
Narrator
I'm Phoebe Judge. This is criminal. Mamie Reels grandfather Mitchell died in October 1970. He was buried in a cemetery on the Reels family land, right next to Riels Chapel. Mamie says people have been buried there since the 1800s. The 65 acres on the North Carolina coast had originally belonged to Mamie's great grandfather, Elijah Reels. He was born in 1866 and his family had been enslaved. He was able to purchase the land in 1911 when he was 45. He lost it when he couldn't keep up with the taxes. But his son Mitchell bought it back from the county in the 1940s, and Mitchell never wanted the family to lose it again.
- [09:54]
Podcast Host
His wish was to hold onto the land for the family to keep working the land, making a living off it. And he knew jobs were hard for family because a lot of them had went up north. So. But if the. If they kept the water, fish the water, they could always make a living.
- [10:16]
Narrator
But because Mitchell Riels didn't have a will, the land became something known as Ayers Property.
- [10:22]
Podcast Host
Ayers Property. I could sum it up, it's a hot mess.
- [10:27]
Narrator
Ayres property dates back to Reconstruction and Jim Crow. It's something that was especially common among black families who weren't always able to access the legal system to make legally binding wills or who didn't want to. Mamie says her grandfather didn't trust the courts with Ayres property. When someone dies without a will, any land they own goes to their descendants, who then jointly own the land. But the property isn't cut up and given in chunks to each descendant. Instead, each of them gets a percentage in all of it, like owning shares in a business. And the property title often remains in the original owner's name, making it hard for descendants to leverage it. It's hard to apply for a loan, and when there is a dispute, it's hard to hold on to it. The U.S. department of Agriculture calls heirs property, the leading cause of black involuntary land loss. In the 20th century, black farmers all over the country lost over 90% of their land. Today, more than a third of black owned land in the south is Ayers property, including the Reals family land. We'll be right back.
- [12:00]
Apple Pay Advertiser
This message is a paid partnership with Apple Pay. When you've got a gift list to finish, the last thing you want to do is take out your wallet a million times. Instead, pay the Apple way. With Apple Pay, you can pay with the phone you're already holding. Just double click, smile at face ID tap and you're done. The people in line behind you will thank you. Apple Pay is a service provided by Apple Payment Services llc, a subsidiary of Apple Inc. Any card used in Apple Pay is offered by the card issuer.
- [12:34]
Botox Advertiser
Subtle results. Still you, but with fewer lines. Botox cosmetic Adabotulinum Toxin A is a prescription medicine used to temporarily make moderate to severe frown lines. Crow's feet and forehead lines look better in adults.
- [12:48]
Botox Safety Announcer
Effects of Botox Cosmetic may spread hours to weeks after injection causing serious symptoms. Alert your doctor right away as difficulty swallowing, speaking, breathing, eye problems or muscle weakness may be a sign of a life threatening condition. Patients with these conditions before injection are at highest risk. Don't receive Botox cosmetic if you have a skin infection. Side effects may include allergic reactions, injection site pain, headache, eyebrow and eyelid drooping and eyelid swelling. Allergic reactions can include rash, welts, asthma symptoms and dizziness. Tell your doctor about medical history, muscle or nerve conditions including ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, Myasthenia gravis or Lambert Eden syndrome and medications including Botulinum toxins as these may increase the risk of serious side effects. For full safety information, visit botoxcosmetic.com or call 877-351-0300.
- [13:31]
Botox Advertiser
See for yourself at botoxcosmetic.com After Mitchell.
- [13:35]
Narrator
Reels died in 1970, his daughter Gertrude Riels, Mamie's mother, was able to get a judge to put it in writing. The surviving 11 children or descendants of children of Mitchell Reels are the owners of the lands, exclusive of any other claim of anyone. Mamie Reels was 11 when her grandfather died. By the time she graduated from high school, some of her older siblings had already moved into their own homes on Silver Dollar Road. Mamie's brother, Lie Curtis, lived in a trailer next door and her brother Melvin built a house right by the water. Melvin bought a boat and made his money fishing and shrimping. Around this time, Mamie remembers, her grandfather's brother, Shedrick Reels, started coming to town. Mamie didn't really know him. He lived in New Jersey.
- [14:28]
Podcast Host
I remember talking to him and talking to him, I realized he was a he was total opposite from my grandfather. My grandfather had that giving, loving heart. He had this business money hungry attitude about him.
- [14:52]
Narrator
In the legal document Mamie's mother had secured from the court, the land was only for Mitchell's children and grandchildren, not his siblings. But Shadrick didn't agree with that. In 1978, he claimed he owned a chunk of land on Silver dollar road, around 13 acres right by the water, the most valuable part of the land and the part of the land where Mamie's brothers like Curtis and Melvin lived. Sedrick claimed that he'd had the deed to the 13 acres since 1950, which Gertrude and her children didn't believe Mitchell, Mamie's grandfather, had the deed for the full 65 acres, including the waterfront.
- [15:37]
Podcast Host
Mitchell bought it at the courthouse door. So if he bought it at the courthouse door, Shed wouldn't have owned it one way or another because he's not Mitchell Rill's child.
- [15:48]
Narrator
Mamie was in her late teens by this time and remembers helping her mother and father figure out what to do.
- [15:55]
Podcast Host
And I remember when my mother now first started with this land situation, I would go with them to lawyers offices and I would help keep up with paperwork. And so I started being like that, my own little detective, keeping the papers, reading their papers because they were old, they didn't understand a lot of things. And so I felt like I was the educated one to okay to help them understand it.
- [16:24]
Narrator
There was a court hearing about Shadrick's claims. Shadrick was using something called the Torrens act, where all you need to do is prove to a lawyer that you own the land. And the lawyer then reports it to the court. The family's lawyer, Claude Wheatley iii, later described the hearing as chaotic. But Mamie says after the hearing they still felt sure that the land, the 13 waterfront acres where like Curtis and Melvin lived, was still theirs. But then about three years later, in 1982, they received a trespassing notice. The family was told that they didn't own that land anymore. Shedrick did. During the hearing that had been described as chaotic, Shadrick's lawyer looked at the rights of the surviving 11 children of Mitchell Reels, and he concluded that Shadrick was the owner of the waterfront property. According to the family's former lawyer, Claude Wheatley iii, one of Mitchell's sons, Calvin, had given verbal authorization for Claude to sign over the 13 acres to Shadrick, and Calvin died shortly after. Mamie says she doesn't think her uncle Calvin would have done that. Claude Wheatley III said that Mitchell's heirs received notice of the decision, but Mamie's family said they weren't notified and didn't find out until years later. By then it was too late to appeal the decision.
- [17:59]
Kim Doohan
I was always told that, Shedrick said when his brother passed away, this is my opportunity to take the waterfront.
- [18:09]
Narrator
This is Kim Doohan, Mamie's niece. She didn't grow up on Silver Dollar Road, but visited often as a kid. When did you first become aware about what was going on with this land?
- [18:22]
Kim Doohan
So when I was younger and I would say more so in my early teenage years when we would come down for different holidays or whatever, I would always hear my grandmother Speaking early in the morning about a possible situation with the land. It was always, there's something going on with the land again. But it was always kept very hush hush. The older I got, it was still kind of talked about in secrecy, but at one point I knew that it was some major issues going on because it was a lot of activity, not just conversation, it was activity regarding legal stuff and documents coming in. So I would say in my early 20s is when I realized, okay, something's not quite right.
- [19:13]
Narrator
And you would come here in the summers when you were growing up?
- [19:17]
Kim Doohan
I come here. I came here every summer as a child. My father was in the Coast Guard, so we traveled a lot, but this was our personal safe haven.
- [19:27]
Narrator
She says a lot of black families in eastern North Carolina that had owned land on the water had lost it.
- [19:33]
Kim Doohan
I think we're one of only few families in this actually, probably on this on the southern east coast that still has some ownership to black waterfront.
- [19:45]
Narrator
And so friends would come to the reals land to visit.
- [19:48]
Kim Doohan
I mean, we walked freely on the property. We swam, we ran, we had barbecues, we. This was our personal country club. So I would have never thought there were any issues. We thought that this was our property.
- [20:04]
Narrator
Now they were being told they didn't have access to it anymore. And then Shadrick sold the 13 acres of the family land to a developer. Melvin and Lycurtus lived on the part of the land that was going to be sold off. What were they supposed to do?
- [20:26]
Podcast Host
Those are the questions we ask. What do they supposed to do? Melvin makes his living on the water. My Curtis was a brick mesa. Okay? This is air property, so you cannot get a loan to do anything, okay? You live in Carteret County. We're not called Jim Crow county, okay? It ain't like you gonna go walk in a bank and they're gonna loan you money to buy property to go somewhere else. But what were we to do? What was they supposed to do? Where were they going? Had been here all their life, know they own their land, and then you gonna just take them and throw them out of the house.
- [21:12]
Narrator
Not far from his house, Melvin had built a small club which he called Fantasy Island.
- [21:18]
Melvin Reels
I really built that to keep the family coming to the water.
- [21:23]
Narrator
Here is Melvin.
- [21:24]
Melvin Reels
And where we can enjoy ourselves on the water with all the guys got their boats, they be bringing in the stuff. Shrimps, crabs, fish. That's what we used to do.
- [21:37]
Narrator
When did you start fishing?
- [21:40]
Melvin Reels
I'm 77. I started fishing and swamping when I was 7. 16. I got my commercial license and I went to fishing den, making good money and making good money out on that water and I got that boat. That's where I went on to work.
- [22:00]
Narrator
What do you love about being on the water?
- [22:03]
Melvin Reels
It's so peaceable. And then I'm catching shrimps and fish and stuff. That's what I enjoy doing. And I love to feed people that enjoy seafood and then put the word out, y'all get you some pans and come down and go on the boat and get all the shrimp you want and it be had sometime 3,000 pound of shrimps.
- [22:31]
Narrator
For a while, Melvin kept fishing like normal and kept inviting friends and family over to his club. He didn't want to leave and it didn't seem like the developers were going to start any construction. Here's his brother, Ly Curtis.
- [22:47]
Melvin Reels
People coming from everywhere, Elizabeth City, everywhere coming down for, you know, enjoying the salesman. Black or white, it didn't matter. We just bought it. That was it.
- [22:59]
Narrator
Every weekend.
- [23:00]
Melvin Reels
Yeah, every weekend. Stole them Thursday night and go all.
- [23:05]
Podcast Host
The way up to Sunday night.
- [23:08]
Narrator
We visited Melvin, Ly Curtis, Mamie and their family at their mother Gertrude's home on Silver Dollar Road. When we got there, Melvin showed us around the land and turning around. So the rest of the property, is it all, the rest of the 65 acres, is it all in here?
- [23:27]
Melvin Reels
Yeah, it's from that water back down there to that curve. Everybody on the Silver Dollar Road is just about family.
- [23:38]
Narrator
You know everyone?
- [23:39]
Melvin Reels
Yeah, I know everyone. We growed up together.
- [23:44]
Podcast Host
She said, get Chad.
- [23:45]
Melvin Reels
Come on in. Come on.
- [23:47]
Narrator
Whose house is this?
- [23:48]
Melvin Reels
It's my mother. Yeah, we built this. Yeah, we built this house. We built the house, towed the old one down and built it and designed it just about like she had.
- [23:59]
Narrator
What year did you build this house?
- [24:01]
Melvin Reels
What year this house was built, Mother?
- [24:05]
Podcast Host
This house was built after Hurricane Floyd.
- [24:08]
Narrator
Mr. Floyd.
- [24:09]
Podcast Host
Floyd was the one that destroyed her old house.
- [24:12]
Melvin Reels
Okay, Floyd.
- [24:15]
Narrator
Hurricane Floyd hit the North Carolina coast in 1999, more than 10 years after Melvin and Ly Curtis land was sold, they were still living on it. After the hurricane, Melvin and Ly Curtis and their brothers built their mother a new house on her land. That's where we spoke with everyone. Five years after Floyd. In 2004, Melvin and Lycurtis learned that there was a court order. They had to vacate the land. They also had to tear down their houses themselves so the land would be ready for the developers. The developer Shedrick had sold it to had hired Claude Wheatley III to finally enforce the eviction the same lawyer who'd originally represented the Reels family as they tried to protect the family land. Wheat contacted Quad Wheatley III for this story and he declined to comment. How did it feel when you were told that you were trespassing on your own land?
- [25:19]
Podcast Host
Well, I knew it was a lie at first.
- [25:23]
Narrator
Lycurtus thought maybe he could try to move his house to move it back further into his family's land, but his mother, Gertrude, told him not to. She said, that's yours.
- [25:36]
Kim Doohan
They pretty much said they weren't going down without a fight.
- [25:39]
Narrator
Kim Doohan, Melvin and Lycurtis niece.
- [25:42]
Kim Doohan
They were not going to give this property up knowing that they'd lived on this property all their lives. They knew that the property belonged to them and if it meant them being incarcerated, that was what they were going to do.
- [25:57]
Narrator
We'll be right back.
- [26:12]
Botox Advertiser
Support for this show comes from Amazon Prime. However you plan to make the most of the holiday season, you can do it with Amazon prime, whether it's last minute ingredients and stocking stuffers or a themed puzzle to solve with the family. Get fast Free delivery on Holiday Essentials with Prime. And with Prime Video, you can curl up on the couch, warm drinks in hand, and have a holiday movie marathon throughout it all. You can tune into classic holiday playlists on Amazon Music. Whatever you're into this holiday season, from streaming to shopping, it's on Prime. Visit Amazon.comprime to get more out of whatever you're into.
- [26:51]
Botox Safety Announcer
You've probably sent hundreds of cards in your life. Birthdays, anniversaries, holidays. But unfortunately most of those tend to end up in boxes, closets, or worse, the garbage. Not with Moonpig. Moonpig is here to level up your card game and add that personal touch. With Moonpig, you can upload photos directly from your phone, browse message inspirations, set reminders, and even add your own handwriting for that extra little touch. They'll even mail the cards for you. No stamps or post offices required, either on the go or from your sofa. Easy peasy. Everyone deserves a Moonpig card. Try your first card free with code free@moonpig.com.
- [27:36]
Narrator
The Reels family tried again to get the courts to reverse the decision that gave the land to Shadrick, but nothing worked. Kim Doo Han told the reporter that land was never his to sell. We're angry at the courts. We feel like we own the land. Melvin and Ly Curtis stayed put, ignoring the court order. And then one morning, an explosion woke Melvin up. He said he'd Never heard anything like it. His shrimping boat named Nancy J was sinking. He reported it to the sheriff, but they didn't ever find out what had happened. The whole thing made Melvin even more nervous. He said he'd wake up in the middle of the night feeling anxious about someone being outside his house. Sometimes he'd take a flashlight outside and shine it around. It was hard to eat. He says he lost a lot of weight. Mamie remembers Ly Curtis was anxious too, even if he didn't talk about it. Sometimes she would see him awake early in the morning, walking up and down Silver Dollar road. In early 2011, a hearing was scheduled.
- [28:47]
Podcast Host
Here's Mamie, the attorney we had at that time. He forewarned us before court. He said, this judge don't want to hear nothing. He just want to lock him up. He said, you thumbing your nose at the court.
- [29:01]
Narrator
Their attorney warned them that Melvin and Lai Curtis could be put in jail for civil contempt for not obeying the court. Kim Doo Han remembers Melvin came to visit with her before the hearing.
- [29:14]
Kim Doohan
He was my hero growing up because he was the one that kind of. He kind of took care of the entire family. So it was like he was that person that if you wanted some extra money, you could always do little odd jobs and he'd give you extra money. So of course to me he was the person that you went to if you wanted anything extra.
- [29:34]
Narrator
Now Kim had a chance to help her uncle.
- [29:36]
Kim Doohan
My Uncle Melvin literally came to my home in Jacksonville, North Carolina and said, Kim, I'm going to jail and I need your help.
- [29:46]
Melvin Reels
And I knew I was going to jail. When he bought that evictions and stay off this land, I knew that was the land, so you got to lock me up.
- [29:56]
Kim Doohan
He asked me to promise him that I would get involved and help secure the property at any cost.
- [30:05]
Narrator
The hearing took place in Beaufort, North Carolina in March of 2011. By this time, Melvin was 64. My Curtis was 53. Kim says they thought they'd get an opportunity to present their case in front of the judge, but instead the judge said he was sending them to jail. Kim says it felt like a punch in the gut. She remembers they didn't even really get a chance to say goodbye. Before Melvin and Ly Curtis were led away, Melvin made eye contact with her and mouthed, remember what I told you. The bailiff only had one pair of handcuffs. They didn't usually need them in civil court. So one side of the handcuffs went around Melvin's wrist and the other went around like Curtis's and we was in.
- [30:54]
Melvin Reels
Jail in less than 15 minutes.
- [30:58]
Narrator
What did you think when, when they said, you're going to jail, were you. Were you surprised?
- [31:04]
Melvin Reels
I would. I didn't think they could do it.
- [31:08]
Narrator
A judge can hold someone in contempt for their actions in the courtroom after an outburst, for example, or for actions outside of court, like refusing to obey court orders. In North Carolina, the most common situation is someone has refused to pay child support. Sometimes journalists have been held in contempt for refusing to reveal their sources. Sometimes the person held in contempt just has to pay a fine. Sometimes they spend a short amount of time in jail. It isn't like being charged with a crime. A judge can just announce that they're holding someone in contempt and the punishment can happen immediately. It can happen without a trial. So they were put in jail because at the hearing they were trying to say, no, we're not leaving this where we live. We're not leaving land. And because Melvin and like Curtis refused to say, we're going to be, we're going to leave, they were held in contempt of court and put in jail.
- [32:09]
Kim Doohan
That is absolutely correct.
- [32:13]
Narrator
They expected to be in jail for 90 days. They were there for eight years. Next time, the rest of the Reels Family Story Criminal is created by Lauren Spohr and me. Nadia Wilson is our senior producer. Katie Bishop is our supervising producer. Our producers are Susannah Roberson, Jackie Sajiko, Lily Clark, Lena Silason and Megan Kinane. Our show is mixed and engineered by Veronica Simonetti. Special thanks to Ruth Roberson. Julian Alexander makes original illustrations for each episode of Criminal. You can see them@thisiscriminal.com for more on the Reels Family Story, you can read Lizzie Presser's article Their family bought land One generation after slavery. The Reels brothers spent eight years in jail for refusing to leave it. We'll have a link in the show notes and you can sign up for our newsletter@thisiscriminal.com Newsletter we hope you'll join our new membership program Criminal Plus. Once you sign up, you can listen to Criminal episodes without any ads. And you'll get bonus episodes with me and Criminal co creator Lauren Spohr, too. You'll also get to come to special virtual live events with our team. Our next one is coming up on October 30th. We're playing criminal Trivia. To learn more and sign up, go to thisiscriminal.com plus we're on Facebook and Twitter criminalshow and Instagram and TikTok @ criminalpodcast. We're also on YouTube at YouTube.com criminalpodcast criminal is part of the Vox Media Podcast Network. Discover more great shows@podcast.voxmedia.com I'm Phoebe Judge this is criminal.
- [34:19]
Botox Advertiser
The number one selling product of its kind with over 20 years of research and innovation. Botox Cosmetic Adabatulinum Toxin A is a prescription medicine used to temporarily make moderate to severe frown lines. Crow's feet and forehead lines look better in adults.
- [34:34]
Botox Safety Announcer
Effects of Botox Cosmetic may spread hours to weeks after injection causing serious symptoms. Alert your doctor right away as difficulty swallowing, speaking, breathing, eye problems or muscle weakness may be a sign of a life threatening condition. Patients with these conditions before injection are at highest risk. Don't receive Botox Cosmetic if you have a skin infection. Side effects may include allergic reactions, injection site pain, headache, eyebrow and eyelid drooping and eyelid swelling. Allergic reactions can include rash, welts, asthma symptoms and dizziness. Tell your doctor about medical history, muscle or nerve conditions including ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, Myasthenia gravis or Lambert Eaton syndrome and medications including Botulinum toxins as these may increase the risk of serious side effects. For full safety information visit botoxcosmetic.com or call 877-351-0300.
- [35:16]
Botox Advertiser
See for yourself at botoxcosmetic.com the number one selling product of its kind with over 20 years of research and innovation. Botox Cosmetic Adabatulinum Toxin A is a prescription medicine used to temporarily make moderate to severe frown lines. Crow's feet and forehead lines look better in adults.
- [35:34]
Botox Safety Announcer
Effects of Botox Cosmetic may spread hours to weeks after injection causing serious symptoms. Alert your doctor right away as difficulty swallowing, speaking, breathing, eye problems or muscle weakness may be a sign of a life threatening condition. Patients with these conditions before injection are at highest risk. Don't receive Botox Cosmetic if you have a skin infection. Side effects may include allergic reactions, injection site pain, headache, eyebrow and eyelid drooping and eyelid swelling. Allergic reactions can include rash welts, asthma symptoms and dizziness. Tell your doctor about medical history, muscle or nerve conditions including ALS or Lou Gehrig's disease, Myasthenia gravis or Lambert Eaton syndrome and medications including Botulinum toxins as these may increase the risk of serious side effects. For full safety information, visit botoxcosmetic.com or call 877-351-0300.
- [36:16]
Botox Advertiser
See for yourself at botoxcosmetic.com.