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- [00:00]
Sponsor Announcer
Over 90 of the top 100 US accounting firms trust Bill to handle bill pay processes. Why? Because our tools are built on over a trillion dollars of secure payments. We're not just moving money, we're powering financial workflows for half a million customers. That's a level of expertise you just can't fake. Ready to talk with an expert? Visit bill.comproven to get started and grab a $250 gift card as a thank you. Terms and conditions apply. See Offer page for details.
- [00:30]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
With its two juicy beef patties, three slices of melted cheese and tangy Big Arch sauce, the Big Arch is what happens when you start making a McDonald's burger and never stop. The Big Arch the most McDonald's McDonald's
- [00:44]
Max Rushton
burger yet for a limited time this
- [00:46]
Sponsor Announcer
episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Do you ever think about switching insurance companies to see if you could save some cash? Progressive makes it easy to see if you could save when you bundle your home and auto policies. Try it@progressive.com Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states.
- [01:08]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
Hey, before we get started, a little reminder that ratings and reviews on Apple Podcasts or Spotify make a big difference for the show. They help other people discover it. And if you know someone who'd like this episode, go ahead and pass it along. Thanks for listening. With all the headlines about psychedelics in medicine or all your friends talking about microdosing, we wanted to learn more about where the science is actually at. So this episode I'm joined by Dr. Ishrat Hussain, a psychiatrist at the University of Toronto and senior scientist at the center for Addiction and Mental Health. He specializes in psychedelics research and is going to help us get past all the headlines. Then we'll pivot to a fascinating Helmets.
- [01:52]
Interviewer Sam
Oh, you think I'm kidding?
- [01:53]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
They're so much more than just foam and hard shells. They've evolved dramatically in the last 15 years. And we'll break down the science behind today's helmet, particularly when it comes to contact sports. Meditation might not just calm our minds, it could also activate the brain's cleaning system. That's right. That same system that rejuvenates us during sleep could be triggered by simply sitting in stillness when we sleep. The cerebrospinal fluid bathing our brain and spinal cord helps flush out toxic proteins and metabolic byproducts that build up during the day. That cleaning is most active during deep sleep. But given all the similarities between sleep and meditation, like slow breathing, low heart rate, researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical center and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston wondered if meditation could run this system during the day. So they recruited 23 experienced meditators. Those are people with an average of over 3,700 lifetime hours of practice. That's a lot. It's like meditating every day for an hour for 10 years. The volunteers climbed into an MRI machine and first just let their minds wander. The type of MRI they did can show a picture of the brain structure and even show real time movement of the cerebral spinal fluid. That is when the team noticed that the flow of fluid through a narrow channel deep in the brain became more efficient. There was less of what's called regurgitant flow. It's that backward churning fluid movement that becomes more chaotic and less efficient as we age. And in neurodegenerative diseases. Instead, the meditators had smoother, more directional flow, similar to what you'd see in younger and healthy brains. The MRI also showed rhythmic pulses of cerebral spinal fluid at the base of the skull around four to five cycles per minute. This low frequency oscillation is known to be a signature of deep non rem sleep. And that, my friends, is when our brain's cleaning system really kicks into gear, clearing out the metabolic waste your brain has been accumulating all day. They saw the fluid flow and blood flow shifting into opposite rhythms, kind of like a seesaw, which is typical for when the brain's natural cleaning cycle is running. Then they had another group of people who were not meditators slow their breath to the same rate. In those equally slow breathers, there were none of the same changes to the brain's fluid flow. That tells us that breathing slow alone isn't enough. It's the meditative state that seems to matter. This study, published in the journal pnas, documents the first evidence using an mri, that meditation can activate brainwashing. Like actual cleansing of the brain. Not the bad brainwashing. That cleaning system is what helps get rid of toxic proteins like amyloid beta, the protein associated with Alzheimer's, which is part of why sleep deprivation is so strongly linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Any low risk, accessible strategy for supporting brain health would be welcome.
- [04:49]
Sponsor Announcer
This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Do you ever think about switching your insurance companies to see if you could save some cash? Progressive makes it easy. Just drop in some details about yourself and see if you're eligible to save money when you bundle your home and auto policies. The process only takes minutes, and it could mean hundreds more in your pocket. Visit progressive.com after this episode to see if you could save Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states.
- [05:16]
Paige from Giggly Squad
Hey, this is Paige from Giggly Squad and you guys, it's here. McDonald's Big Arch Burger. The new Big Arch is here and it's the most McDonald's McDonald's burger yet. It has two quarter pound patties, three slices of cheese, tangy Big Arch sauce, lettuce, pickles, crispy and slivered onions, and a poppy and sesame seed bun. It's everything you love about McDonald's burgers. Between two buns, the big Arch sauce is tangy, creamy and it's the perfect pair to the Big Arch Burger. Go grab a Big Arch burger today, but warning, you're going to need both hands to hold it. A participating McDonald's for a limited time while supplies last.
- [05:56]
Sponsor Announcer
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- [06:56]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
okay, I have to tell you, I was just looking on ebay, where I go for all kinds of things I love. And there it was.
- [07:02]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
That hologram trading card. One of the rarest.
- [07:05]
Sponsor Announcer
The last one I needed for my set.
- [07:06]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
Shiny like the designer handbag of my dreams.
- [07:09]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
One of a kind.
- [07:10]
Interviewer Sam
Ebay had it.
- [07:11]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
And now everyone's asking, ooh, where'd you get your windshield wipers? Ebay has all the parts that fit my car. No more annoying, just beautiful.
- [07:22]
Interviewer Sam
Millions of finds, each with a story. EBay, things people love. Psychedelics are gaining attention as a potential avenue for mental health treatment. These substances, long relegated to recreational use, are being studied now for Their potential in treating a number of psychiatric conditions like PTSD and depression. And with that hype has come some scrutiny and confusing misinformation. To get to the heart of the matter, we're chatting with Dr. Ishrat Hussain, a psychiatrist actively doing clinical research on psychedelics. He's an associate professor in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto and senior scientist at the center for Addiction and Mental Health and University Health Network here in Toronto. Welcome to the show, Ishrat.
- [08:07]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Thanks for having me.
- [08:08]
Interviewer Sam
Sam, what is a psychedelic scientifically in terms of like the class of drug and how's it different from other recreational substances people might be familiar with?
- [08:18]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
So psychedelics aren't. It's not an official class of a drug, actually. It's a term that was developed in the mid 20th century and its origins stem from ancient Greek, so psyche meaning mind and delic meaning manifesting. So it's a term that was used to describe these molecules or substances that had really quite powerful psychological effects after they were isolated and identified. We use the term to describe molecules that have quite profound psychological, mind altering effects that we believe scientifically are due to actions on a receptor in the brain related to the chemical serotonin. So most of what are called classic psychedelics are those that have powerful activating effects at the serotonin 2A receptor. And we believe that it's through this action that we see these quite powerful psychological, cognitive and mood altering effects.
- [09:35]
Interviewer Sam
So these are things like lsd, psilocybin?
- [09:38]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Yes, LSD is a synthetic psychedelic. Psilocybin is the chemical component of what's colloquially called magic mushrooms. But there are others as well. So there's mescaline, which is derived from the peyote cactus, and there is DMT as well, which is the chemical component of the psychoactive brew from Central and South America, ayahuasca. So there's quite a few of them out there, but broadly they all seem to have those actions at that serotonin receptor.
- [10:16]
Interviewer Sam
I'm curious if you could share what psychedelics are showing promise so far when it comes to mental health treatments and for which types of conditions and also where this rationale comes from, because it's a bit of a leap to think, why would something that changes your perception and changes what you see be helpful for things like depression or ptsd?
- [10:37]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Yeah. So the origins of investigating psychedelics for therapeutic use actually dates back to the mid 20th century. And it was actually when a pharmacologist discovered the sort of psychological effects, they realized that perhaps it could be useful for people with mental health problems. Because you have to remember at the time there wasn't any other treatment other than talk therapy or psychotherapy for patients with conditions like depression, anxiety or addictions. So what happened was after that these molecules were isolated, psychotherapists and psychiatrists began to use them in their practice and found actually some positive outcomes when, when they used them in their in therapy. And then at that point, you know, the funders of research like the National Institutes of Health in the US funded over a hundred clinical trials at that time. But then because of what you mentioned, the sort of the slip into recreational use, they became Schedule 1 Narcotics and were banned even for research purposes. But I think now, almost two decades ago, the research started to increase again. And I think the rationale is that this is a biological treatment that has very quite powerful effects on the brain. But it's combined with a psychological treatment or psychotherapy and oftentimes mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, ptsd, they're a combination of biological, psychological, social factors. And I think it's for that reason that it's seen that psychedelic therapies are quite powerful for treating these types of conditions.
- [12:29]
Interviewer Sam
And are they modified in any way when used clinically in combination with talk therapy? Like how would it differ from what someone might encounter in a non medical setting?
- [12:40]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Yeah, it's very different. Like when we are using it for clinical research purposes, it's not like dried mushrooms that we're, for example, giving in our psilocybin studies. It's sort of like carefully measured amounts of pharmaceutical grade psilocybin that's been extracted and it's actually encapsulated like any other pill. And so we use that type of approach when we administer the treatment. When people are using recreationally, it's really difficult to determine what you're taking, what the actual amounts of the chemical components that you're ingesting are. And also the setting is very different. You know, the setting in which psychedelics like psilocybin are administered in research is, it's very controlled. It's in an environment where we have continuous monitoring. People are supported by trained therapists who prepare them for the powerful experience they're about to have and then support them through it as well. So it's very different from taking it recreationally.
- [13:54]
Interviewer Sam
Can we talk more about some of the specific things being tested? So I know you do a lot of depression research and that's something for which psilocybin, I think, is that correct? Is a promising candidate. Can you tell us more about where that research is and how you study it.
- [14:10]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Yeah. So psilocybin is probably the leading psychedelic candidate for treatment for depression, specifically treatment resistant depression. So that's the type of depression that doesn't get better with your first line treatments like antidepressant medications. And over the last decade there has been replicated evidence, starting with small studies showing that psilocybin when combined with psychotherapy led to quite large antidepressant effects in people that had pretty severe and treatment resistant depression. And those small trials have led to much larger studies which we have been involved in here at CAMH, you know, studies of over know 200 people. Now we've recently completed the largest phase three clinical trial which is, that's the type of trial which is used for regulatory approval for treatment. And that's a study of over 500 patients with treatment resistant depression in which psilocybin when combined with psychological support showed to improve symptoms of depression, treatment resistant depression. So research is really advancing on the use of psilocybin for depression. Other molecules are being used for other indications. So mdma, which is not a traditional classic psychedelic, but it's administered in the same way, has been shown to have quite promising effects for post traumatic stress disorder. And people are investigating LSD for generalized anxiety disorder, which is another common mental health condition as well. So it seems that different psychedelics are being tested for different indications, but broadly, when you look at the combined evidence, they seem to have benefit across these types of mood and anxiety type mental health conditions.
- [16:09]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
That's so interesting and we actually had
- [16:11]
Interviewer Sam
a listener question because I let people know we were going to be talking about this since it's such a popular topic. And one listener at Heidi K. Asked asked specifically for depression and trauma, how long do effects last after a course of treatment? And do you see any different long term effects on neuroplasticity, one being better than another over the long term?
- [16:33]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
It's a very good question and an important question because we don't actually know at this point if it's a sort of one and done treatment or if it's something that you need top up or repeated treatments for. In the limited studies that have looked at longer term effects, it seems that for a subgroup of people they stay well with it. About a third of people over the course of a year don't need further treatments. However, there are 2/3 that seem to require additional treatments. But this is from small studies. We're actually looking and doing the work now in which we're following up people for a year in this large phase three study over of over 500 people to determine, for example, for those with treatment resistant depression and psilocybin, whether they require repeated dosing or not and how often that will be. The same is true for MDMA and PTSD symptoms. Most studies haven't done long term follow up, but those that have followed people up to six months after the dosing have shown that in a group of people the improvements are in fact sustained after two to three treatments.
- [17:49]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
And is the dose high enough that
- [17:51]
Interviewer Sam
you know, is it incapacitating someone for a significant portion of their day? Like how does it look realistically in terms of how it's used in a clinical setting?
- [18:01]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
So because of the duration of effects of the psychoactive effects of these treatments, it is a full day visit to the hospital or clinic where we're doing the work because we want to make sure that people are in a safe and controlled setting while they they are under that dose. Because the doses that we are looking at are the ones that would cause quite powerful psychedelic effects in most people that would take it. Microdosing, by the way, is something that often people talk about not only.
- [18:39]
Interviewer Sam
I was going to ask you about that too. Yeah.
- [18:41]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Not only clinically but also I think people just to optimize their life seem to be looking into it. It's sort of stemmed from this Internet subculture, I think. But actually the data in clinical populations on microdosing is quite weak. There hasn't been a well designed clinical trial testing it as yet. And in the studies in recreational users that are using it sort of just for general optimization, it's shown that microdosing psychedelics isn't really better than a placebo. So it seems that there is a sort of expectation or placebo effect that's contributing to the perceived benefits of microdosing. At least.
- [19:28]
Interviewer Sam
Now we gotta talk about safety. It's super relevant here and for any medication. And you did a real world population based study using a WH Joe database on safety regarding psychedelics, but I think it was specifically mdma. So I'm wondering if you can tell us more what you found about that or in general what we know about safety so far.
- [19:48]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
So the study you're referring to is actually all psychedelics and mdma. We decided to include MDMA in it because it's being tested for clinical use. And generally we found that psychedelics and MDMA were safe and well tolerated. There was an increased risk of adverse events or effects when people were combining them with other substances like alcohol or cannabis, or they had Pre existing medical conditions or psychiatric conditions generally. If you look at data from recreational users, it seems that psychedelics, you know, aren't high risk if you don't have those pre existing, you know, mental health conditions or physical health conditions. But I think that, you know, we still need to determine the safety in clinical populations. And that's, that's one of the main outcomes of the studies that we're doing is are these safe in vulnerable populations like those with treatment resistant depression, those with bipolar disorder and so on. And you know, for anybody that has a personal or family history of a serious mental illness, I would say that they're not safe because, you know, if you have a history of psychosis or schizophrenia, then taking a substance that increases the likelihood of you having perceptual disturbances is highly risky. So that's something as well. And the other thing is age groups, right? Like you have to remember that the populations that are included in clinical trials are working age adults generally. So we don't know. We can't comment on the safety in people who are younger or older adults as well. So these are things that are still to be determined.
- [21:56]
Interviewer Sam
I wanted to ask you if you're comfortable commenting on. One of the most public cases, I think, was the MDMA assisted therapy for PTSD submission that the FDA rejected approval for in 2024. Is there anything there? Can you tell us more about what happened and how it's influenced your research perhaps going forward in your approach?
- [22:15]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
I think the main issue related to that finding was that the panel of the FDA had some, some concerns about the methodology of the trials. The other one is that the FDA can't really comment on psychotherapy. So they submitted it as a package in which mdma. It was MDMA assisted therapy that was submitted for approval and the FDA does not have jurisdiction over psychotherapy. And the outcome was that we have to characterize the role of the psychotherapy in this treatment. And so that directly informed what we're doing. In fact, we, we designed a trial in which we are doing that exact same thing, characterizing the role of the psychotherapy versus the drug alone. We've been funded by CIHR to do that work and we're excited to get started on it.
- [23:08]
Interviewer Sam
That's, that's really interesting. I know that you've talked a lot about stigma in general with mental health. So here you have both the stigma related to the type of treatment and to the condition, the mental health. So I'm wondering how stigma might impact treatment access, compliance, and if that's something that we can start working towards or is something that to at least factor in when we're studying this.
- [23:31]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
You know, I actually think the public conversation around psychedelics has really reduced the stigma around them as potential treatments. You know, you've got Netflix documentaries like how to Change youe Mind that are really, I think, reduced some of the stigma associated with it. But you're right, there's still stigma related to it, particularly from certain cultural groups around the sort of the use of taking a traditionally or what's historically been seen as a recreational or street drug for use as a therapy. And I think ultimately what we need to do is to continue to educate the public that the way that it's administered, the way that it's studied is very different from the way that it's used in recreational settings. So I think that's a part of the work, but I think a lot of the public discourse around it has in fact led to what you referred to earlier, a lot of hype. And a lot of the work that we have to do is actually try and temper that hype because people come in thinking that this treatment or their involvement in this trial is gonna transform their lives and cure them of their illness. And that's simply not the case. Actually, you know, it is something that we do a lot of work in preparing people with and saying that, you know, still experimental, there's still a lot of work to do and there's still options out there if this doesn't work out.
- [25:08]
Interviewer Sam
So we had another listener question from Emma Smallbone.
- [25:12]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
They ask, how do we keep the
- [25:13]
Interviewer Sam
indigenous wisdom that brought these medicines to us at the core of its healing and how important is that kind of integration in a medicalized psychedelics practice?
- [25:23]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
You know, I wish I could speak to that in some detail. I will say that it's really important and I think that, you know, what we've tried to do as best as possible is to include people from the indigenous community into our research team. So that's very important. I think some of these medicines, not all of them, some of them, they came to use in Western medicine because of their centuries long use in spiritual shamanic ceremonies that were used for healing in those communities. So there's immense value in that and we're trying to do our best to be as respectful to that as we can.
- [26:09]
Interviewer Sam
That was fascinating. Thank you so much for joining us on the show, Ishrat.
- [26:12]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
Thanks for having me, Sam.
- [26:14]
Interviewer Sam
Dr. Ishrat Hussain is an associate professor
- [26:16]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Toronto and senior scientist at
- [26:19]
Interviewer Sam
the center for Addiction and Mental Health and University Health Network in Toronto.
- [26:28]
Sponsor Announcer
This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Do you ever find yourself playing the budgeting game? Well, with the name your price tool from Progressive, you can find options that fit your budget and potentially lower your bills. Try it@progressive.com, progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates price and coverage match limited by state law not available in all states.
- [26:47]
Paige from Giggly Squad
Hey, this is Paige from Giggly Squad and you guys, it's here McDonald's Big Arch Burger the new Big Arch is here and it's the most McDonald's McDonald's burger yet. It has two quarter pound patties, three slices of cheese, tangy Big Arch sauce, lettuce, pickles, crispy and slivered onions, and a poppy and sesame seed bun. It's everything you love about McDonald's burgers. Between two buns, the big Arch sauce is tangy, creamy and it's the perfect pair to the Big Arch Burger. Go grab a Big Arch burger today, but warning, you're going to need both hands to hold it. A participating McDonald's for a limited time while supplies last.
- [27:27]
Max Rushton
Do you want your soccer analysis more direct than an Arsenal set piece? Join me, Max Rushton and the Guardian's expert soccer journalist for the latest action and news from the Premier League to the Champions League and all the way
- [27:37]
Dr. Ishrat Hussain
to the World Cup.
- [27:38]
Max Rushton
We'll have chat more out of the box than Dominik Szoboszlai. Free Kick, more panelists than Chelsea have players and unlike var, we know where to draw the line for fine margins, fun debates and full blooded tackles. Football Weekly Listen wherever you get your podcasts and watch the full episodes on YouTube.
- [27:53]
Sponsor Announcer
When it comes to managing money, forget the hype and look at the results. Bill has a trillion dollars of secure payments powering our Bill pay tools Instead of just moving money, Bill is powering the financial operations of nearly half a million customers. So stop the guesswork and start scaling with the proven choice. Ready to talk with an expert? Visit bill.comproven to get started and grab a $250 gift card as a thank you. Terms and conditions apply. See Offer page for details.
- [28:28]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
It was 2017 NFL Sunday and the San Francisco 49ers were playing against the Houston Texans in the second quarter. The ball was thrown and the camera zoomed in on the quarterback of the Texans, Tom Savage. He was tackled to the ground like really hard. His head and his shiny blue football helmet slammed onto the field. His arms twitched and his body froze. He was suffering from a concussion right there on live TV the replay of that blow went viral, and it created a national outrage around contact sports and helmets. But what exactly happens to the brain when there's a blow to the head like that? The brain is soft tissue suspended in cerebrospinal fluid. It's protected by thin layers of tissue called meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord. When the impact is hard enough, it can jostle the brain, causing the tissue to stretch and in more severe cases, bruise and even tear. Severe impacts can cause the brain to swell, which compresses blood vessels and deprives it of oxygen. The American association of Neurological Surgeons estimates that the likelihood of suffering from a concussion while playing a contact sport is as high as 19% per year of play. If you're doing the math, that means it's very likely that almost all athletes in contact sports will get some form of a concussion if they play for five years. And repeated concussions can lead to chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or cte, which is an incurable disease with symptoms like Alzheimer's or dementia. CTE has really come into the spotlight, especially thanks to Will Smith's movie Concussion, which is based on a true story. The film opened people's eyes to how repeated brain injuries can lead to serious problems down the line. After the film's release in 2015, the NFL made some big changes to their concussion protocols. They now have much stricter evaluations and better training for medical staff at the games. Incidents like Tom Savage's tackle showed just how important it is to prioritize player health. That's also why we have helmets to protect our brains. But consider the engineering challenge here. Design something that's lightweight enough to wear during a game, but can absorb the impact of 1600 pounds of tackling force or more. Older helmets with foam padding didn't distribute that force effectively enough, so scientists and engineers put sensors and cameras in real football helmets while players were using them to help them understand the physics of impact and model it in computers. Today's helmets function a lot more like the crumple zone of a car. That's the front and rear zone of a car, which is designed to absorb and dissipate energy during a car accident, keeping the occupants safer inside. Instead of foam, the material in today's football helmet is flexible and deforms more easily, so it can absorb more of the energy. Now, the lining uses what's called controlled buckling. This looks like many small flexible tubes with a cone inside, all arranged in a honeycomb like pattern, with each pod designed to collapse bit by bit. As the impact pressure increases, the cone collapses gradually creating more resistance at each stage. This whole process slows down the force against the helmet lining, ensuring that the energy from the hit is distributed elsewhere and isn't transferred so strongly to the head. Helmets are the last line of defense. Players have helmets from years ago. They just weren't cutting it, which is why it's essential to keep improving them. In 2018, the NFL introduced a policy to phase out older helmet models deemed less safe. They're now mandating these advanced helmets and it'd be really great to see that at all levels of play. Hopefully, with continued regulations and feats of engineering, we'll get to enjoy the sports we love with fewer risks. For Warner Bros. Discovery Curiosity Weekly is produced by the team at Wheelhouse DNA. The senior producer and editorial correspondent is Teresa Carey, our producer is Chiara Noni, our audio engineer is Nick Kharisimi and head of production for Wheelhouse DNA is Cassie berman. And I'm Dr. Samantha Yamin. Thanks for listening. I'd make a jello brain and be
- [32:39]
Interviewer Sam
like this is how delicate it is.
- [32:40]
Dr. Samantha Yamin
Wear your helmet. Yeah, fresh brain. My anatomy Prof. Said it was as soft as room temperature butter. I mean, other people have said like soft tofu. Let me know how many other foods you want me to ruin.
- [32:58]
Sponsor Announcer
This episode is brought to you by Progressive Insurance. Do you ever think about switching your insurance companies to see if you could save some cash? Progressive makes it easy. Just drop in some details about yourself and see if you're eligible to save money when you bundle your home and auto policies. The process only takes minutes and it could mean hundreds more in your pocket. Visit progressive.com after this episode to see if you could save Progressive Casualty Insurance Company and affiliates. Potential savings will vary. Not available in all states. Over 90 of the top 100 US accounting firms trust Bill to simplify and secure bill pay. That's proven financial infrastructure built on over a trillion dollars of secure payments. Visit bill.com proven for a special offer.
- [33:42]
Max Rushton
Looking for soccer analysis more knowing than a Carlo Ancelotti eyebrow raise with the World cup around the corner? Join me, Max Rushton and the Guardian's expert soccer journalist on Football Weekly for all the latest soccer action and news throughout the week. We'll cover more ground than due by Bellingham in a Champions League final with conversation sharper than an Arsenal set piece for fine margins, fun debates and full blooded tackles. Football Weekly Listen wherever you get your podcasts and watch the full episodes on YouTube.
- [34:07]
Paige from Giggly Squad
Hey, it's Paige from Giggly Squad and If you've been thinking about tackling any home or yard projects lately, this is your sign. Lowe's Spring Fest is on Lowe's Spring Fest is happening right now at Lowe's, featuring great deals to help you refresh your homes and outdoor spaces just in time for spring. We talked about airing out your home, and Lowe's is just taking it to the next level. You can save up to 40% on major indoor appliances and help supercharge your chores. Springfest is happening now, and our best lineup is here at Lowe's, valid through April 22, 2026, while supplies last selection varies by location. See lowe's.com for details. Mulch offer excludes Alaska and Hawaii.