US Treasury targets darknet kingpin.

Summary

CyberWire Daily Summary: US Treasury Targets Darknet Kingpin

Release Date: March 5, 2025
Host: Maria Varmazis
Produced by N2K Networks

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Introduction

In the March 5, 2025 episode of CyberWire Daily, host Maria Varmazis delivers a comprehensive briefing on the latest developments in the cybersecurity landscape. The episode delves into significant actions by the U.S. Treasury, ransomware threats, legal battles over encryption, regulatory decisions in the tech industry, sophisticated phishing campaigns, and emerging trends in cybercriminal tactics. Additionally, the episode features the "Certbyte" segment, where experts discuss certification exam strategies.

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U.S. Treasury Sanctions Darknet Marketplace Administrator

Timestamp: [02:01]

Maria Varmazis opens the episode by highlighting a pivotal move by the U.S. Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC). The Treasury has sanctioned Behruz Parsarad, an Iranian national accused of orchestrating the Nemesis Darknet Marketplace, which was shut down by law enforcement last year.

Key Points:

• Control and Profits: Parsarad maintained complete control over Nemesis, siphoning millions from illicit activities, including the sale of fentanyl and other synthetic opioids.

• Government Collaboration: Acting Undersecretary Bradley T. Smith emphasized the Treasury's commitment to dismantling such marketplaces, stating, "Treasury, in partnership with US law enforcement, will use all available tools to dismantle these Darknet marketplaces and hold accountable the individuals who oversee them." ([02:01])

• Future Implications: The sanctions are part of a broader strategy to prevent the resurgence of similar darknet platforms.

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Ransomware Threats Against Tata Technologies

Timestamp: [02:20]

The episode reports on the Hunters International ransomware gang's recent attack on Tata Technologies, a subsidiary of Tata Motors. The gang threatens to release 1.4 terabytes of stolen data unless a ransom is paid within a week.

Key Points:

• Attack Details: The ransomware incident, first disclosed in January, compromised Tata's IT systems.

• Gang's Threat: Hunters International has yet to specify the nature of the stolen data, and Tata has not responded to the claims.

• Industry Impact: This attack underscores the increasing vulnerability of major corporations to sophisticated ransomware groups.

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Apple Challenges UK's iCloud Encryption Backdoor Order

Timestamp: [03:30]

Apple has initiated legal proceedings against the UK's Investigatory Powers Tribunal, contesting a government mandate that demands the creation of a backdoor into its encrypted iCloud systems.

Key Points:

• Legal Battle: Apple argues that introducing a backdoor would compromise user privacy and security, leading to the withdrawal of Advanced Data Protection (ADP) encryption services in the UK.

• Privacy vs. Security: The case highlights the ongoing tension between national security interests and individual privacy rights.

• Global Implications: The outcome could influence global data protection standards and encryption policies.

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UK's Competition Regulator Overlooks Microsoft's OpenAI Partnership

Timestamp: [04:15]

The UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has concluded its review of Microsoft's $13 billion investment in OpenAI, deciding not to pursue a formal merger investigation.

Key Points:

• Decision Rationale: The CMA found no evidence of Microsoft exerting de facto control over OpenAI, especially considering OpenAI's collaborations like the $100 billion AI infrastructure project, Stargate, with SoftBank.

• Regulatory Landscape: This decision comes amid heightened scrutiny of AI-related partnerships, with the CMA also evaluating deals like Amazon's investment in Anthropic.

• Market Impact: The ruling may set a precedent for how large-scale AI investments are assessed in the future.

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Stealthy Malware Campaign Targets UAE's Aviation and Satellite Industry

Timestamp: [05:00]

Proofpoint has identified a sophisticated phishing campaign targeting the United Arab Emirates' aviation and satellite communications sectors, including critical transportation infrastructure.

Key Points:

• Threat Actor: The campaign is attributed to an unknown group, with overlaps suggesting ties to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

• Attack Methodology: Hackers exploited a compromised Indian electronics company to send spear-phishing emails containing a custom backdoor named Sosano, utilizing polyglot files to mask payloads.

• Evading Detection: The use of uncommon obfuscation techniques indicates the attacker's intent to remain undetected for prolonged periods.

• Implications: Such targeted attacks pose significant risks to national security and critical infrastructure in the UAE.

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Scams Mimicking Bien Lian Ransomware Gang and UK Police Impersonations

Timestamp: [06:30]

The episode sheds light on two distinct scam operations exploiting fear and impersonation tactics:

1. Bien Lian Ransomware Impersonation:

   • Modus Operandi: Scammers send physical letters to U.S. C-suite executives, falsely claiming that Bien Lian has stolen their organization's data and threatening publication unless a ransom of up to $350,000 is paid via Bitcoin.
   • Security Firm Assessment: GuidePoint Security determines these demands are fraudulent, noting the absence of actual intrusions and the replication of Bien Lian's public information.

2. UK Police Impersonation for Cryptocurrency Theft:

   • Tactics: Scammers use personal data from leaks to create fake fraud reports, contacting victims and posing as security officers to extract sensitive information like cryptocurrency seed phrases.
   • Impact: Kent Police report that nine individuals have collectively lost £1 million through this scheme.
   • Advice: Authorities urge the public to avoid sharing personal details over the phone and to verify the identities of callers claiming to represent law enforcement or financial institutions.

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Links Between Black Bosta and Cactus Ransomware Gangs

Timestamp: [07:45]

Emerging research indicates a collaborative relationship between the Black Bosta and Cactus ransomware groups. Both gangs are utilizing identical social engineering tactics and the BackConnect proxy malware for post-exploitation access to corporate networks.

Key Points:

• Shared Tactics: The overlapping methodologies suggest resource sharing or direct collaboration between the two groups.

• Operational Efficiency: This alliance enhances their ability to infiltrate and compromise target organizations effectively.

• Law Enforcement Challenge: Such ties complicate tracking and dismantling efforts, emphasizing the need for enhanced cooperative measures among cybersecurity entities.

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Certbyte Segment: CCNA Exam Strategy

Timestamp: [11:18]

In the "Certbyte" segment, N2K's Chris Hare and guest Troy McMillan delve into strategies for tackling the Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) exam.

Key Points:

• Practice Question Breakdown: Troy presents a scenario where hackers exploit WEP wireless networks using war-driving methods. The discussion emphasizes the importance of changing default SSIDs, disabling SSID broadcasts, and enforcing authenticated access to mitigate such attacks.

• Notable Quote: Troy advises, "Don't jump for the first shiny object that you see... carefully consider all the options before you jump for what you think may be the quickest answer." ([16:51])

• Study Tips: Emphasis on time management, advising candidates to allocate approximately 90 seconds per question and avoid getting bogged down on difficult items.

• Certification Path: The CCNA is positioned as an entry-level certification for those new to the Cisco ecosystem, recommended for individuals with foundational networking knowledge.

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Final Story: Cybercriminals Learning from Law Enforcement

Timestamp: [20:03]

The episode concludes with an analysis of how cybercriminals are evolving their strategies by studying law enforcement investigative techniques. A cybercrime investigator revealed that hackers utilize the U.S. Courts system, specifically PACER (Public Access to Court Electronic Records), to dissect legal cases and refine their methods to evade prosecution.

Key Points:

• Knowledge Acquisition: By analyzing court cases, cybercriminals gain insights into investigative processes, enabling them to adjust their operations accordingly.

• Systemic Challenges: The U.S. faces hurdles in cyber investigations, including inconsistent threat actor naming conventions across firms and jurisdictional complexities with 40 federal agencies involved.

• Comparative Analysis: Unlike Europol, which assigns dedicated personnel to cross-border cases, U.S. agencies depend on detailees bound to their home organizations, leading to competition rather than collaboration.

• Proposed Solutions: The episode advocates for standardized threat intelligence, improved inter-agency coordination, and more flexible jurisdictional policies to effectively combat borderless cybercrime.

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Conclusion

The March 5th episode of CyberWire Daily offers a thorough overview of critical cybersecurity issues, from high-stakes sanctions and ransomware threats to evolving cybercriminal tactics and certification strategies. By providing in-depth analysis and expert insights, the podcast equips listeners with the knowledge needed to navigate the complex and ever-changing cybersecurity landscape.

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For more detailed information and additional resources discussed in this episode, please refer to the Show Notes.

Transcript

[Maria Varmazis]

You're listening to the Cyberwire Network powered by N2K.

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[Maria Varmazis]

U.S. treasury Department sanctions Iranian national accused of running the Nemesis Criminal Marketplace Hunters International threatens to leak data stolen from Tata technologies Apple challenges UK's iCloud encryption backdoor order UK competition regulator says no investigation into Microsoft's OpenAI partnership Stealthy malware campaign targets the UAE's aviation and satellite industry. This week on our cert byte segment, N2K's Chris Hare is joined by Troy McMillan to break down a question targeting the Cisco Certified Network Associate Exam and Hacker hit the books Today is Wednesday, March 5, 2024. I'm Maria Varmazes, host of N2K's T Minus Space Daily podcast in for Dave Buettner and this is your Cyberwire Intel Briefing. Thanks for joining us today. Let's get into it. The U.S. treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control has sanctioned the administrator of the Nemesis Darknet Marketplace, which was shuttered by law enforcement last year. Treasury says Iranian national Behruz Parsarad maintained full control of the marketplace and its illicit profits, pocketing millions of dollars while Nemesis was active. Acting Undersecretary for Terrorism and Financial Intelligence Bradley T. Smith said in a press release that as the administrator of the nemesis Darknet marketplace Parserad sought to build and continues to try to reestablish a safe haven to facilitate the production, sale and shipment of illegal narcotics like fentanyl and other synthetic opioids. Treasury, in partnership with US law enforcement, will use all available tools to dismantle these Darknet marketplaces and hold accountable the individuals who oversee them. The Hunters International ransomware gang has claimed responsibility for an attack against Tata Technologies, a product engineering subsidiary of Indian auto manufacturing giant Tata Motors. The company disclosed in January that it had sustained a ransomware attack that affected some of its IT systems. According to a report from Security Week, the Hunters gang is threatening to publish 1.4 terabytes of stolen data if a ransom isn't paid by next week. Hunters hasn't shared what the stolen data contains, and Tata hasn't commented on the gang's claims. Apple has filed a legal complaint with the UK's Investigatory Powers Tribunal to challenge a government order demanding the creation of a backdoor into its encrypted iCloud systems. This order, issued under the Investigatory powers Act of 2016, seeks access to data protected by Apple's ADP, or Advanced Data Protection Encryption. In response, Apple has withdrawn ADP from the uk, arguing that such measures compromise user privacy and security. The case raises significant concerns about the balance between national security and individual privacy rights, with potential implications for global data protection standards. In other UK regulatory and big tech news, the UK's Competition and Markets Authority, or CMA, has concluded its review of Microsoft's $13bn investment in OpenAI, determining that the partnership does not warrant a formal merger investigation. The CMA found no evidence of Microsoft exercising de Facto control over OpenAI, particularly in light of OpenAI's recent collaborations, such as the $100 billion AI infrastructure project Stargate with SoftBank, which reduces its reliance on Microsoft's computing infrastructure. This decision comes amid increased regulatory scrutiny of AI related partnerships with the cma, also examining collaborations between other tech giants and AI startups, such as Amazon's investment in Anthropic. Proofpoint has published a report on a highly targeted phishing campaign that targeted several aviation and satellite communications organizations in the United Arab Emirates, as well as critical transportation infrastructure and the threat actor, which proofpoint tracks as unk. Crafty Camel compromised an Indian electronics company that had a business relationship with the targets and used this access to send spearphishing emails tailored to each targeted entity. The emails were designed to deliver a custom go backdoor, which proofpoint has dubbed Sosano. The researchers note that the campaign used polyglot files to obfuscate payload content, which is a technique that is relatively uncommon for espionage motivated actors in proofpoint telemetry and speaks to the desire of the operator to remain undetected. Proofpoint doesn't attribute the campaign to any known threat actor, but notes that the ttps overlap with previous operations tied to Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Scammers are imitating the Bien Lian ransomware gang and sending physical letters with fake ransom demands to C Suite employees in the United States, according to a report from Bleeping Computer. The letters inform the recipient that their organization's data has been stolen and will be published if a ransom isn't paid within 10 days. The letters and again these are physical letters, contain a QR code leading to a Bitcoin wallet address, and recipients are instructed to pay up to $350,000. GuidePoint Security, which is tracking the scam, assesses with a high level of confidence that the extortion demands are fake and not actually tied to the Bien Lian gang. The security firm hasn't observed any evidence of intrusions at the targeted organizations, and the information in the letters is copied from Bien Lian's public websites. According to the police in the uk, scammers are impersonating police officers in order to steal cryptocurrency from investors. Using personal information obtained from data leaks, the scammers create fake action fraud reports and then contact victims claiming to investigate alleged fraud. Victims are then instructed to expect a call from their cryptocurrency wallet provider. Subsequently, a scammer posing as a security officer requests sensitive information, including the seed phrase of the victim's cryptocurrency wallet, enabling the scammer to access and steal the funds. Kent Police report that nine individuals have collectively lost £1 million to this scheme. Authorities advise against sharing personal details over the phone and recommend verifying the identity of callers claiming to be from law enforcement or financial institutions. Recent research has uncovered further links between the Blk Bosta and Cactus ransomware gangs, with members of both groups utilizing the same social engineering attacks and the BackConnect proxy malware for post exploitation access to corporate networks. These shared tactics and tools suggest a potential overlap between the Black Bosta and Cactus ransomware groups, indicating that they may be collaborating or sharing resources. Coming up after our break, we've got our Certbyte segment. N2K's Chris Hare is joined by Troy McMillan to break down a question from N2K's Cisco Certified Network Associate Practice Test and after Certbyte hear how cybercriminals are studying port docs.

[Dave Bittner]

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[Maria Varmazis]

We'Ve got our Certbyte segment coming up next. N2K's Chris Hare is joined by Troy McMillan to break down a question from N2K's Cisco Certified Network Associate Practice Test.

[Chris Hare]

Hi everyone, it's Chris. I'm content developer and Project Management specialist here at N2K Networks. I'm also your host for this week's edition of certbite, where I share a practice test question from our suite of industry leading content and a study tip to help you achieve the professional certifications you need to fast track your career growth in it, cybersecurity and project management. Today's question targets the Cisco Certified Network Associate CCNA Exam 201301 version 1.1, which was updated in April 2024. This exam tests skills related to network fundamentals along with new topics such as generative AI, cloud network management and machine learning. I've enlisted Troy as our new guest host today. He's a specialist in all things Cisco, ISACA and EC Council. Welcome Troy. How are you today?

[Troy McMillan]

I'm doing great, Chris. Thank you for having me.

[Chris Hare]

Absolutely. And before we get into it, be sure to stick around after our question for our special study bit for this test as well as for the latest News on upcoming N2K practice tests. Okay, so we are going to be turning the tables and Troy, you're going to be asking me today's question. Troy, I turn it over to you.

[Troy McMillan]

Okay, Chris, here's your question. You've discovered that hackers are gaining access to your WEP wireless network. After researching, you discovered that the hackers are using war driving methods. You need to protect against this type of attack. What should you do? And it tells us that there is more than one correct answer. Okay, your choices are change the default ssid, disable the SSID broadcast, configure the network to use authenticated access only, or configure the WEP protocol to use a 128 bit key.

[Chris Hare]

Okay, so before I answer, Troy, I understand this is under the network fundamentals objective and the describe wireless principles sub objective, correct?

[Troy McMillan]

That is correct.

[Chris Hare]

Okay. And I have more than one correct answer. So on the exam, should students expect select more than one correct answer or do they say select two, et cetera?

[Troy McMillan]

Well, it may even be more difficult than that, Chris. I hate to inform you that sometimes they may even say select all that apply.

[Chris Hare]

Oh, okay. Yeah, that makes it even tougher. So, to help me out, since this is way out of my wheelhouse, what does WEP stand for?

[Troy McMillan]

It stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy. The name attempting to imply that the security is as good as being on a wired network.

[Chris Hare]

All right, and for those who are not familiar with what a war driving method is, could you explain that a little bit?

[Troy McMillan]

War driving is when a hacker rides around in a car. That's where the driving comes from. And they use a high powered antenna attached to a laptop to see if they can discover what wireless networks are in the area. And sometimes they'll go a step further and they'll record information about the network, its security settings, whether it's an open network or not. And they sometimes share that information online with other hackers.

[Chris Hare]

Okay, wow. All right, so I'm going to assume there's never an option on this exam to select all answer choices. So I'm going to choose the following based on them sounding like a logical set of sequential steps. I'm going to select B, disable the SSID broadcast, and C, configure the network to use authenticated access only. Am I right?

[Troy McMillan]

Good try, Chris. You're partially correct. The answers are actually A, B and C. You had three choices here. Here's why. To protect against war driving, you need to change the default ssid, disable the SSID broadcast and configure the network to use authenticated access Only, you would change the default ssid, because if you don't change that default, hackers generally see that and assume that you haven't changed any of the other security settings, such as the administrator password. You would disable the SSID broadcast to prevent them from even seeing the network when they scan for networks. And then configuring the network to use authenticated access only would be a final step to ensure that even if somehow they do get access to the network, they can't log in. Now, you shouldn't configure the WEP protocol to use a 128 bit key, because in recent years, this particular encryption protocol has been proven to be ineffective. It's very easily cracked. In fact, it's so easily cracked that we have students doing it in classes now, so that would not be something you want to use.

[Chris Hare]

Wow. Okay, that's all great info. Now, we're going to get into your study bit in a moment, but how would you instruct students on how they can prepare for a question of this type?

[Troy McMillan]

Well, first of all, I would say don't jump for the first shiny object that you see. Oftentimes, when you're looking at a set of options to a question, one may jump right out at you as being correct. And in your excitement to know the right answer, you may not read the question as completely as you should. And there could be one small detail in the question that rules that particular option out. So carefully consider all the options before you jump for what you think may be the quickest answer.

[Chris Hare]

That is really great advice and that could probably apply across many different types of exams.

[Dave Bittner]

So.

[Chris Hare]

Great. And who would you say is the target audience for this exam?

[Troy McMillan]

Well, the CCNA exam is sort of the entry level exam to the Cisco ecosystem. So the target audience for this would be people that are just beginning to get into Cisco. On the other hand, I would say that anybody that wants to take this exam should have some background. They probably want to have already passed some other exams like the Network plus exam and the A exam. They probably want to have some background in networking before they do this exam.

[Chris Hare]

Great information and question, Troy. All right, so now it's time to discuss the study bit for this test. What do you have for us?

[Troy McMillan]

The study bit for this one is time management, because you're going to have, based on the number of items you're going to get and the amount of time you have, you're going to have 90 seconds per item to answer these questions. So you can't get stuck on one. If you come to a question and you don't know the answer you want to think about it, move on. Make sure you answer all the questions that you know first so that you don't leave any unanswered.

[Chris Hare]

Awesome tip. Thanks so much for being here with me today, Troy.

[Troy McMillan]

You're welcome.

[Chris Hare]

And as we wrap up today's episode, are there any upcoming practice tests you'd like to promote here?

[Troy McMillan]

Yes, we just released the Comptia Tech, the AWS Certified AI Practitioner, and Azure AI Engineer Associate Practice Test, and we'll also have more coming up for Comptia, Microsoft, and Oracle next month.

[Chris Hare]

Thanks so much Troy, and thank you for joining me for this week's Cert Bite. If you're actively studying for this certification and have any questions about study tips or even future certification questions you'd like to see, please feel free to email me at certbyte2k.com that's C-E-R-T V Y T E N number 2k.com if you'd like to learn more about N2K's practice tests, visit our website at n2k.com certify for sources and citations. For this question, please check out our Show Notes. Happy certifying.

[Maria Varmazis]

Be sure to visit our Show Notes for links to the practice test and other helpful resources that Chris and Troy talked about.

[Chris Hare]

About.

[Dave Bittner]

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[Maria Varmazis]

And for our final story today, cybercriminals aren't just launching attacks, they're studying how law enforcement investigates them. A cybercrime investigator recently revealed that hackers use the US Courts system, called pacer, to analyze legal cases, learning investigative tactics and adapting to avoid prosecution. But PACER access is just one of law enforcement's challenges. A major hurdle is the lack of standardized naming for hacker groups. Different cybersecurity firms use different labels for the same threat actors, making it harder to track and dismantle cybercriminal operations. Jurisdictional red tape further complicates Cyber investigations. With 40 federal agencies handling cybercrime, overlapping cases create inefficiencies. Unlike Europol, which assigns dedicated personnel to cross border cases, US Agencies rely on detailees who remain tied to their home organizations, often competing rather than collaborating. The solution? Well, we've been saying it for a long time, standardized threat intelligence, better coordination between agencies, and more flexible jurisdictional policies. Cybercrime knows no borders and law enforcement must evolve to keep up. And that's the cyberwire. We'd love to know what you think of this podcast. Your feedback ensures we deliver the insights that keep you a step ahead and in the rapidly changing world of cybersecurity. If you like this show, please share a rating and review in your podcast app. Please also fill out the survey in the show notes or send an email to cyberwire2k.com we're privileged that N2K Cyberwire is part of the daily routine of the most influential leaders and operators in the public and private sector. From the Fortune 500 to many of the world's preeminent intelligence and law enforcement agencies, NTUK makes it easy for companies to optimize your biggest investment your people. We make you smarter about your teams while making your team smarter. Learn [e-mail] N2K Senior Producer is Alice Carruth. Our Cyberwire producer is Liz Stokes. We're mixed by Trey Hester with original music and sound design by Elliot Peltzman. Our executive producer is Jennifer Ivan. Peter Kilby is our publisher and I'm Maria Varmazis in for Dave Bittner. Thanks for listening. We'll see you tomorrow.

[Dave Bittner]

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