C (2:20)

Well, we'll talk about that later. About discussing halloumi first, this is the morning after the morning after landslide in Hungary. We talked A lot yesterday morning about what this means in Hungary. But when the parties stop and the hangovers begin, the questions start. So today let's examine what this means for the eu. Already in Brussels, Nick, people think things could start moving pretty fast, particularly on the 90 billion loan for Ukraine that Viktor Orban has been blocking. What do you think is going to happen?

B (2:50)

Yeah, this has been the number one concern for the eu is getting this veto lifted. Magyar spoke about this extensively during his three hour press conference. Incredibly long. He said Hungary would drop its veto and be coherent with previous commitments, even though Hungary would still not actually be paying into the scheme. So he said Hungary doesn't have enough money.

C (3:12)

And by previous commitments he means the fact that actually Hungary approved it. Orban approved it at the European Council in December and then went back on his word.

B (3:21)

Yeah. So he's signaling that he's going to uphold Orban's original word, but also keep Hungary outside of the scheme and that he doesn't want to be an obstacle anymore. And EU officials are already kind of taking this to the bank as almost a fait accompli.

C (3:38)

And he's being nice to Brussels because obviously he wants a lot of EU funds frozen. It looks like there's going to be this massive quid pro quo. We've been speaking to diplomats here in Brussels. They're saying what they want from Hungary is not only the unblocking of this loan to Ukraine. Looks like that's pretty much a done deal probably, but also Hungary's agreement to open accession talks for Ukraine. That's really difficult for Magyar. Probably also unblocking their veto from the Hungary's veto of the European Peace Facility, which is the EU funds for military support to Ukraine and also the sanctions package against Russia. There's quite a lot of asks there.

B (4:15)

Yeah, you could call it a Grand Budapest bargain or whatever you want, but. But what we've been getting from diplomats after the election result is that there's a window to strike here for the EU has a lot of leverage over Hungary. They badly need this money. And people are saying, well, rule of law is not linked to Ukraine. But they're saying, no, it's all linked and they're expecting big gestures of goodwill in coming months. And this deadline with the RRF funds expiring will just evaporate in August is kind of raising the urgency and allowing them to raise pressure on Macyard, do all these things.

C (4:52)

Yeah, the RRF fund is the recovery fund that the EU set up to get out of the pandemic. And the boost economies. And I think it's 10 billion that's frozen in money to Hungary. I was just looking at the list, actually. There's also 7 billion euros that they want to get in cohesion funding. There's the safe funds, which is the defense money. Hungary is expecting 16 billion. They've also got the fine that they get, which is 1 million euros a day because of what they did over asylum rule. So there's a lot to play for here.

B (5:24)

It's a massive, massive backlog. Hungary's been ramping up the standoff with the EU for years, Starved of cash, one of the worst performing EU economies, partly because of this. And this is what Magyar is going to want to turn around quickly.

C (5:39)

Yeah. And there are links with Poland, aren't there? And what the EU did with Poland when Donald Tusk became elected there. Peter Magyar is not going to be prime minister for probably about a month in Hungary, but I notice he's already talking that he's going to go to Warsaw to speak with Donald Tusk and learn from what he did. But that wasn't straightforward either, was it? The way that the EU thought it was going to release all these funds to Poland as soon as Tuskudin, but it wasn't that straightforward.

B (6:05)

Yeah, they kind of jumped the gun in a way because the reforms got started and then a law and justice person was elected president and that kind of held up the whole process. So this time I think the commission will be looking for proof up front that these laws can actually go through. And that might be a little bit tricky because there are Orban loyalists in all these positions. Might take some time for them to kind of. For Magyar to unwind everything that's been done.

C (6:32)

It's interesting you say that because we were really happy actually, that yesterday we got a few whatsapps from listeners after we discussed the election results and asked a couple of questions for us. And one from Juliet in Germany asked that even though Orban is out, as you've just said there, Nick, how much of his system really remains? Obviously Fidesh is still there. It's still organized, it's still influential. They've been in power for 16 years. Very difficult to talk about a clean break, isn't it?

B (6:59)

Absolutely. I think we can look at other places where a kind of purge has happened. Look at the United States. You know, Donald Trump has been trying to remove opponents from key positions. It's taken years.

C (7:09)

Even with landslides, even with really powerful leaders, it's difficult to sweep away structures In a country.

B (7:15)

Right. So you wonder, how can he prove to the commission that he can really push through all this legislation that he needs? That's going to be a big question.

C (7:24)

Yeah. And another comment we got from a listener yesterday from Marcelo from Italy, asking if there was a risk that people sudden, the pro EU people, people in Brussels are getting a bit carried away here, he says, even though from his point of view there are obvious reasons for rejoicing, he says it feels a bit too good to be true. And because he's saying Orban dominated Hungarian politics for so long, we know he had such a firm grip on the state. So saying that all the organism has been swept away overnight is a bit of a simplification, isn't it?

B (7:53)

It is. On the other hand, I think it's a day to see the glass half full. If you're coming from the EU perspective, this is obviously the biggest, the best possible election outcome from the EU perspective there could be.

C (8:04)

Peter Maga's clearly not going to be a knight in shining armor for the eu. I remember when Orban came in originally, he was seen as sort of a shining light in the first place. And it doesn't always quite turn out as people expect, does it?

B (8:17)

No, absolutely. And has branded himself as a nationalist, a kind of Hungary first politician.

C (8:23)

So I don't think it's going to be boring, is it? Even without Orban, European councils aren't going to be boring.

B (8:28)

Now if Hungary is no longer key character for us, we'll have to have

C (8:32)

to get Bardaver back.

B (8:34)

Find something else. Yeah.

C (8:39)

Okay, let's move on. Nick, what can you tell us about the Polish plumber?

B (8:43)

Well, the Polish plumber is kind of coming back into the conversation. For anyone who's old enough to remember the last time the EU had a big wave of enlargement.

C (8:52)

2004, was it?

B (8:53)

2004 brought in 10 countries. In the years or the months leading up to that, there were a lot of public campaigns of people opposed to the enlargement, warning about essentially wage competition. But the symbol of this was the Polish plumber.

C (9:08)

Cheap labor coming in from former Eastern European countries, taking all our jobs, basically.

B (9:13)

Exactly. So the idea was that you were going to pick up the phone and call a plumber and you'd have a Polish man coming up taking the job of an honest Frenchman or German. I don't think that really panned out. But this has stuck with many politicians. And as we're now talking about another wave of enlargement, this is once again coming to the fore. All These anxiety is about bringing new countries in.

C (9:34)

And I think the piece that you've written for us today, talking about enlargement and obviously a big priority for Ursula von der Leyen and the European Commission, but a lot of countries actually don't want to talk about enlargement right now simply because they remember what that was like and how it feeds populism and it actually is just too risky for them.

B (9:53)

Yeah, it's really interesting because it's been a big disconnect between Ursula von der Leyen's commission, which has been very forward about the enlargement agenda. She has talked about the EU expanding to 30 plus countries.

C (10:07)

And what we talk about, we're not, because we're talking about Ukraine, obviously that's the big, that's the big contentious one, but also the sort of Montenegro in the queue.

B (10:15)

And Montenegro is first in line. But you've got Moldova right behind it. You've got the western Balkans countries, you

C (10:22)

even have Norway and Iceland we talked

B (10:24)

about, but potentially, potentially some wealthy countries. And it's also seen as an argument for the eu. Well, you know, these countries want to join and we have to become a geopolitical union. That's what we've been hearing from Brussels. But it really jars against the national debate. And what we see now is that EU leaders, it's now up to them to move this process forward. There's only so much the Commission can do, but they do not want to put this before their voters and have public debates about it.

C (10:51)

And there's some countries that need to have referendum. Referendums. Isn't there as well if a new country comes into the eu? I remember that sort of growing up and seeing all the referendums in Ireland and Denmark and countries like that.

B (11:01)

Right, exactly. One country that kept coming back in these conversations was France. They have a presidential election next year. They would have to have a referendum certainly for a large country like Ukraine joining. And it's just a sort of non starter.

C (11:15)

And let's face it, if by then the national rally was in the presidency in France, you know, their natural supporters might be the ones that remember the Polish plumber debate more than any.

B (11:26)

Absolutely.

C (11:26)

That's what we're talking about here.

B (11:28)

Yeah, yeah. I think the idea is, well, if you put this, you're giving them a giant gift, a giant talking point in their campaign. And so far Emmanuel Macron has been extremely reluctant to do that.

C (11:39)

So what's the next step, Nick? Because they were supposed to talk about this at the informal European Council in Cyprus later this month. Weren't they? But that's not on the agenda from what we're hearing.

B (11:48)

Yep, that's what we're understanding, that it has been replaced by other priorities. So no big powwow about enlargement. And, you know, why would the leaders have to speak about enlargement? This is a process that's managed by the commission. You, you know, open and close negotiation clusters. But at some point you have to talk about the contract. On what terms do you enter the eu? And that's a discussion that would have to be among leaders saying, well, for Ukraine, perhaps for 20 years, we're not going to give you agricultural subsidies, for instance. That's something that needs discussed at leaders level. But what we've seen is that's where the discussion ends. Leaders don't want to do it, they don't want the ambassadors to take it and they're just stopping there.

C (12:27)

Yeah, well, it's an issue that people in Brussels and the EU in general like to talk about a lot, but it's obviously a very difficult nut to crack. Now, as I said, I'm not a Halloumi fan. I think it's utterly disgusting. I prefer a nice mild English cheddar. But for those of people who do like Halloumi, we've got some bad news and it's actually quite serious. There's been an outbreak of foot and mouth disease on Cyprus and that's affecting the herds that produce the milk that are used in Halloumi. Obviously, Cyprus is divided between the bit in the EU and the Turkish controlled bit, and that's really exacerbating the problem.

B (13:07)

Yeah. And now we're in a situation where farmers are being asked to slaughter entire herds to conform with EU rules or quite harsh culling rules. And this has led to protests from farmers because they say their colleagues in the north, the Turkish held north, are not obliged to do this. And also it doesn't seem to make much sense in sanitary terms because you're applying different rules in different places. Cyprus is asking the EU to ease its rules, but so far Brussels is saying no.

C (13:37)

Yeah. Turkish authorities basically think vaccination alone can manage the outbreak, whereas EU guidelines say that basically you have to call animals that could have been exposed to foot of mouth. As one of the officials we quoted in the story says, almost half the island is handling the virus completely differently from us. And I love this quote, actually from a man called Panikos Chambas, the president of the Cyprus Cooperative Company. Cyprus is a single entity. It is a pastoral entity. The environment, the sun and the air cannot be divided. They are all one.

B (14:11)

You just brought me right to Cyprus. I think we should recall that Halloumi is one of these geographically protected cheeses that can only come from Cyprus. So let's hope this doesn't lead to a worldwide Halloumi shortage.

C (14:25)

Well, for those of you that like Halloumi, let's hope that that doesn't happen and I'll go back to having my cheddar on.

B (14:31)

I do want to say this report is fair and balanced because I'm a big fan of Halloumi and we're bringing you both sides.

C (14:36)

I thought you were going to say you liked, you know, smelly French blue cheese or something.

B (14:40)

I like that too, but Halloumi. Halloumi is pretty tasty.

C (14:44)

Okay, thanks everyone for listening to the podcast today. If you have a question for us about the Hungarian election, or how we're covering it, or a comment about how you think it might change the EU, please send us a WhatsApp using the link in the show notes. Or if you want, and this might be easier, tell us your favourite or your most disgusting European cheese. Is there anything worse than Halloumi? Nick, thanks for joining us today and thanks to you at home for listening. And if you haven't already, make sure to subscribe to the show. Subscribe and. And we'll be back tomorrow.

B (15:20)

But you really don't like it, even fried or whatever?

C (15:23)

No, I don't want to go anywhere near it.

D (15:26)

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