Everything Everywhere Daily: Episode Summary

Title: The Greatest Nobel Prize Snubs
Host: Gary Arndt
Release Date: April 10, 2025

In this compelling episode of Everything Everywhere Daily, host Gary Arndt delves into the intriguing realm of Nobel Prize omissions. Exploring individuals whose groundbreaking contributions arguably merited recognition, Gary sheds light on the imperfections and biases inherent in the Nobel selection process. This detailed summary captures the essence of Gary's discussions, highlighting key figures across literature, peace, and the sciences, and providing insightful quotes to enrich the narrative.

1. Introduction to Nobel Prize Snubs

Gary opens the episode by contextualizing the Nobel Prize's prestige and the inherent flaws in its selection process. Highlighting that the Nobel Prizes are awarded based on human nominations and votes, Gary emphasizes the subjectivity and potential oversights that can lead to deserving individuals being overlooked.

Gary Arndt [00:03:15]:
"The Nobel Prize is awarded to humans by humans who are subject to all the biases and failures that humans have. As such, the Nobel Prize is inherently imperfect."

2. Rules and Caveats of the Nobel Prizes

Before diving into specific snubs, Gary outlines the foundational rules governing Nobel Prize awards, setting the stage for understanding why certain notable figures were excluded.

a. No Posthumous Awards: Rosalind Franklin

Rosalind Franklin's critical role in discovering DNA's double helix structure is spotlighted. Despite her essential contributions, she wasn't awarded the Nobel Prize posthumously due to the prize's regulations.

Gary Arndt [00:05:20]:
"Rosalind Franklin was most certainly worthy of a prize, and had she been alive, she should have been awarded a share of the 1962 award."

b. Theoretical Contributions Await Proof: Stephen Hawking

Stephen Hawking's revolutionary theories on black holes weren't recognized with a Nobel Prize during his lifetime because they hadn't been empirically proven at the time.

Gary Arndt [00:06:45]:
"Since his death, we've learned much more about black holes from instruments such as the James Webb Telescope, which have confirmed some of his theories, but they took place after his death."

3. Literature Snubs

Literature, often subjective, has seen its share of controversial omissions. Gary discusses several luminaries whose literary genius went unrecognized by the Nobel Committee.

a. Leo Tolstoy

Tolstoy's masterpieces like War and Peace and Anna Karenina cement his place as a literary giant, yet political and ideological differences likely prevented his nomination.

Gary Arndt [00:10:30]:
"His later life embrace of radical pacifism, anarchism and criticism of organized religion in the state put him at odds with the more conservative leanings of the Swedish Academy."

b. Mark Twain

Despite his profound impact on American literature, Twain was overlooked, possibly due to Eurocentric biases prevalent in the early 20th-century Nobel Committee.

Gary Arndt [00:12:10]:
"The European centric biases of the Nobel Committee in the early 20th century likely contributed to Twain never receiving the award."

c. James Joyce and Virginia Woolf

Both Joyce and Woolf revolutionized modern literature with their experimental styles, yet their avant-garde approaches may have alienated traditionalists within the Nobel circles.

Gary Arndt [00:13:50]:
"James Joyce was snubbed because his work was considered too experimental and possibly too controversial."

Gary Arndt [00:14:25]:
"Virginia Woolf was overlooked due to sexism and her avant-garde style."

d. Modern Literary Figures

Contemporary authors like Salman Rushdie, Philip Roth, and Cormac McCarthy also find themselves absent from the Nobel list, despite their significant contributions to modern storytelling.

Gary Arndt [00:15:40]:
"Modern writers have never won a Nobel Prize, including Salman Rushdie, Philip Roth, Jorge Luis Borges, Thomas Pynchon, and Cormac McCarthy."

4. Peace Prize Snub

The episode highlights perhaps the most glaring omission in Nobel history: Mohandas Gandhi.

a. Mohandas Gandhi

Despite multiple nominations and his unparalleled advocacy for nonviolent resistance, Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize. Gary explores the political and temporal factors that contributed to this oversight.

Gary Arndt [00:20:15]:
"His leadership in India's struggle for independence through peaceful civil disobedience inspired global movements for civil rights and justice."

Gary Arndt [00:21:05]:
"In 1948, he was assassinated just days before nominations closed. No peace prize was awarded that year."

Gary Arndt [00:21:30]:
"An acknowledgment in 2016 stated, the greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize."

5. Science Snubs

The scientific community has seen several monumental figures overlooked by the Nobel Committee. Gary delves into the reasons behind these exclusions, often rooted in politics, sexism, or oversight.

a. Dmitri Mendeleev

Creator of the periodic table, Mendeleev came perilously close to winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry but was ultimately overshadowed by internal committee politics.

Gary Arndt [00:25:50]:
"Internal agreements on the Nobel Committee, particularly opposition from Svant Arenas, led to the award going to someone else."

b. Lise Meitner

A pioneering nuclear physicist, Meitner's contributions to the discovery of nuclear fission were pivotal, yet she was excluded from the Nobel recognition due to rampant sexism and geopolitical tensions.

Gary Arndt [00:28:30]:
"The Nobel Committee's failure to recognize her remains one of its most widely acknowledged and criticized oversights."

c. Jocelyn Bell Brunel

Detecting the first radio signals from a pulsar, Bell Brunel's groundbreaking work was overshadowed by her male supervisor, reflecting the gender biases of the time.

Gary Arndt [00:30:10]:
"Her exclusion sparked widespread criticism and remains a prominent example of how women's contributions have often been overlooked."

d. Ralph Alpher and Robert Herman

Predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation, foundational to the Big Bang theory, yet the Nobel Committee favored accidental discovery over their theoretical work.

Gary Arndt [00:32:45]:
"Their exclusion is often viewed as a major oversight, especially since their work helped shape the modern Big Bang theory."

e. Other Notable Scientists

Gary also acknowledges other deserving scientists like Satyendra Nath Bose, Jonas Salk, Fritz Zywicki, Gilbert Lewis, and Vera Rubin, each contributing significantly to their fields without Nobel recognition.

Gary Arndt [00:35:20]:
"Vera Rubin, who studied the rotation curves of galaxies and found that stars at the edges were moving just as fast as those near the center, supporting the existence of dark matter, was never awarded the Nobel Prize."

6. Conclusion: The Imperfections of the Nobel Prizes

Gary wraps up the episode by reflecting on the inherent flaws in the Nobel Prize system. He underscores that while the prizes celebrate extraordinary achievements, the human element in their selection process inevitably leads to omissions and biases.

Gary Arndt [00:38:50]:
"Ultimately, the Nobel Prize is awarded to humans by humans who are subject to all the biases and failures that humans have. As such, the Nobel Prize is inherently imperfect."

He acknowledges that some prizes may have been undeservedly awarded while others were overlooked, emphasizing the need for continual reflection on the criteria and processes governing such esteemed accolades.

Key Takeaways:

• Human Element: The Nobel Prize's reliance on human nominations and votes introduces subjectivity and potential biases.

• Systemic Flaws: Rules like the prohibition of posthumous awards and preference for proven theories can exclude deserving individuals.

• Gender and Politics: Historical sexism and geopolitical tensions have played significant roles in overlooking notable contributors.

• Literary and Scientific Biases: Eurocentric perspectives and undervaluing theoretical work have contributed to significant snubs in both literature and the sciences.

Notable Quotes:

• "The Nobel Prize is inherently imperfect." — Gary Arndt [00:38:50]

• "Her exclusion sparked widespread criticism and remains a prominent example of how women's contributions have often been overlooked." — Gary Arndt [00:30:10]

This episode serves as a thoughtful exploration of the Nobel Prize's limitations, celebrating unsung heroes across various disciplines while critiquing the award's selective nature. Gary Arndt invites listeners to appreciate the complexities behind one of the world's most esteemed recognitions and encourages a broader conversation about merit and recognition in academia and beyond.