What if the country that produces the world's top AI talent finally figured out how to keep it?

In this episode of Eye on AI, Craig Smith sits down with Professor Mausam, one of India's leading AI researchers, AAAI Fellow, and founding head of the Yardi School of Artificial Intelligence at IIT Delhi, to get an honest and unflinching diagnosis of why India has fallen so far behind the US and China in artificial intelligence and what it will actually take to close that gap.

Mausam breaks down the structural story behind India's deficit. A pipeline of world-class students that gets exported abroad the moment it graduates. A professor shortage so severe that IIT Delhi's entire School of AI has hired only five new faculty members in five years. A government AI mission with the right instincts but not enough speed or boldness. And a brain drain made worse by the very thing India is proud of, its English fluency, which makes its talent the easiest in the world to absorb and the hardest to bring back.

Mausam walks through the full picture. How China built its research dominance not through students but through aggressively repatriating senior researchers with real salaries, real lab resources, and real authority to build research cultures from scratch. Why the AlexNet moment in 2012 was actually an equalizer that gave China's fledgling ecosystem a surprise advantage over more established Western research groups. How India's JEE coaching culture and IIT bottleneck are symptoms of a scarcity of quality institutions rather than a broken exam. What the government's AI mission is getting right on compute, data, and sectoral focus, and where the critical gaps remain. And why Mausam believes that bringing one hundred top professors back to India would do more for the country's AI future than any single government program or funding initiative.

We also get into the harder questions. Whether AI degrees belong at the undergraduate level or should sit on top of a computer science foundation. Why Mausam no longer holds an optimistic view on AI's impact on software jobs and why he thinks Geoff Hinton's point about plumbers has merit. And what it would actually take for a democracy of 1.4 billion people to stop training the world's AI leaders and start keeping them.

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(00:00) Introduction: India's AI Gap and Professor Mausam's Background (02:30) Building the Yardi School of AI at IIT Delhi (07:44) How Far China Has Pulled Ahead in AI Research (12:55) Why India Could Not Follow China's Playbook (29:18) The JEE System, Coaching Culture, and the IIT Bottleneck (30:37) AI Degrees, Job Market Realities, and the Future of Work (44:18) The Real Problem Is Professors, Not Students (48:07) Big Tech Labs in India: Helpful but Not at Scale (51:46) The Government AI Mission: Progress and Gaps (55:20) The Compute and Data Infrastructure Problem (59:54) Can India Close the Gap Before It Is Too Late