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Resistance takes many forms, but one of the most powerful has always been refusal, refusal to accept unjust laws, refusal to be silenced, refusal to cooperate with government overreach.

In our inaugural episode, we explore one of the oldest and most powerful tools in the fight for civil liberties: refusal.

We trace the ACLU’s roots back to the 1925 Scopes “Monkey” Trial, where attorney Arthur Garfield Hays defended the right to teach evolution in Tennessee, a landmark stand for thinking freely in America. Nearly a century later, that same spirit shapes today’s battles over bodily autonomy, protest rights, and immigration protections.

We speak with Hays’ grandson, attorney Hayes Butler, about the generational legacy of legal defiance, and hear from ACLU of Delaware Executive Director Mike Brickner on how refusal guides our modern strategy to protect democracy.

Together, we unpack how state leaders can use their legal authority to resist federal overreach, and why Delaware is positioned to lead the nation in saying no to injustice.

Because building a firewall for freedom begins with one act: refusing to cooperate with harm.