
Hosted by Ritchie Cunningham · ENGLISH

Send us Fan MailImagine a glacier the size of a city… slowly bulldozing its way across the landscape. What kind of mess does it leave behind?Because here’s the thing—glaciers don’t just carve mountains. They completely redesign entire regions. Valleys, plains, even farmland today—all shaped by ice that disappeared thousands of years ago.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailYou flush a toilet, turn on a tap, or throw something in the bin… and then you stop thinking about it completely.For many people, infrastructure is invisible. Water disappears down pipes. Waste gets taken away. Electricity arrives with the flick of a switch.Cities are designed to make all of this feel effortless.omSupport the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailSupport the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailSupport the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailImagine standing on a hillside after heavy rain. The ground looks stable enough at first glance, but deep inside the slope, things are changing. Water is seeping in, particles are loosening, and gravity is waiting. Eventually, the slope gives way. That is mass movement: the downslope transfer of weathered material under gravity.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailSupport the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailFrom Baby Boom to Baby BustFor most of the 20th century, population debates focused on rapid growth, “overpopulation” and pressure on resources. Today, the story is shifting. Global total fertility has more than halved since around 1950, falling from about 5 children per woman to roughly 2.2 in 2021. According to recent UN and Lancet‑linked analyses, over half of all countries already have fertility below the “replacement” level of about 2.1 children per woman needed to keep populations stable without immigration.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailAs countries become richer and improve living conditions, they move from a pattern dominated by infectious diseases and high mortality to one dominated by chronic (degenerative) diseases and lower mortality. This shift is closely linked to changes in demography (falling death rates, then falling birth rates), urbanisation, and improvements in health care, nutrition and hygiene.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailGeographers measure population change by looking at how many people are born, how many die, and how many move in or out of a place. In other words, population change is driven by three main components: fertility, mortality and migration.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailFor much of recent history, people have equated population change with population growth. Over the last two centuries, global population has risen dramatically, with especially rapid growth between the 1950s and the late 20th century. However, this is only part of the story: some regions still grow quickly, others are close to zero growth, and several countries now face population decline.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening