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Send us Fan MailExternal weathering and erosion processes gradually become the dominant factors in the development of the landscape as tectonic activity ceases or becomes very slow. The influence of geology remains important but passes to a more detailed level in which’ rock type (lithology) and structure may strongly influence local relief features. In all landscapes, the critical factor is not so much the absolute resistance of a rock as its resistance relative to the rocks around it. It is this which creates the pattern of high and low relief. For instance, in south-east England, chalk is a relatively resistant rock in relation to adjacent strata, but in Northern Ireland, it is soft compared to surrounding basalts.The granite, clays and limestones that form the landscapes are found in entirely different environments today from those in which they originated.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailIn May 2026, the district of Banda in northern India experienced temperatures of 47–48°C, making it one of the hottest places in the country. At these temperatures, daily life changes dramatically. By early morning, conditions already feel like midday, and even at night, temperatures remain around 30°C. As a result, people say that “mornings and nights no longer exist.”Banda is located near the Tropic of Cancer, a region that naturally experiences intense solar heating. However, recent heatwaves have become more extreme and longer-lasting, raising concerns about climate change and environmental degradation.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailIn 2000, almost every one of the world’s ten biggest carmakers came from Japan, Europe or North America.By 2025, China had become the world’s largest car market, the world’s largest exporter of cars and home to some of the fastest-growing manufacturers on Earth.For most of the twentieth century, the global car industry was dominated by a handful of famous names. Companies such as Ford, General Motors (GM), Volkswagen and Toyota built millions of vehicles every year and became symbols of industrial success. But over the last 25 years, the industry has undergone one of the biggest transformations in its history. New technologies, changing consumer tastes, environmental concerns and the rapid rise of China have reshaped the global automotive landscape.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailIf you’ve been half-listening to the news this summer, you might have noticed something odd: hurricane season is underway, but the Atlantic has been almost silent. For anyone studying geography, this is actually a brilliant real-world case study — it shows how weather systems on opposite sides of the planet are secretly wired together, and how “quiet” doesn’t always mean “safe.” Let’s unpack it.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailClimate change, landslides, and the science of predicting disastersImagine standing beside a beautiful glacier lake in Alaska. Tour boats move across the water. Mountains rise high above the valley. Everything looks calm.But hidden inside the mountains, the ground is slowly moving.In some places, entire sections of rock are creeping downhill by several feet every year. Scientists fear that one day these slopes could suddenly collapse, creating enormous landslides and giant tsunami waves.And climate change is making the danger worse.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailJust after midnight on 2 June 2026, a magnitude 6.26.2 earthquake struck deep beneath the sea off southern Italy. Although this sounds serious—and it is—the effects at the surface were surprisingly mild. Most people only felt light shaking, and there was no major damage.Why? The answer lies in how deep the earthquake occurred.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailIf Germany is such a leader in renewable energy, why are electricity bills still so high there? And why do France and Spain often have cheaper power?That’s the big geography question today. The answer is not just about how much renewable energy a country uses. It’s about the whole energy system — what kind of electricity is produced, how it gets to homes, and how governments set prices.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailElectric cars are becoming a big part of the global shift away from fossil fuels. In 2025, about one in four new cars sold worldwide was electric, up from one in five the year before. That is a major change in transport geography because it shows how quickly technology can spread from one country to another.China is leading the way, with electric cars making up more than half of new car sales. In Norway, nearly all new cars are now electric, and Denmark has also made very rapid progress. By contrast, the United States has seen much slower growth, with electric cars stuck at around 10% of new sales for several years. These differences show that transport change is not happening evenly across the world.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailPicture two places on a hot summer day. One is a city full of roads, rooftops, and concrete. The other is full of trees, grass, and shade. Which one feels cooler?Most of us would say the green place — and that’s exactly what geography tells us. Cities are often much hotter than the countryside, especially during heatwaves. But trees and parks can make a huge difference.Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening

Send us Fan MailWhen you hear the word Ebola, you probably think of a deadly disease — and that’s because it is. But Ebola is also a geography story. It’s about where the disease starts, how it spreads, and why some places are much harder to protect than others.In 2026, Central Africa was dealing with a fast-growing Ebola outbreak, with most cases in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and some spreading into Uganda. Within weeks, the number of cases rose sharply. So what makes Ebola so dangerous, and why is geography such a big part of the story?Support the showCheck out my website, Facebook groups and other social media.www.ritchiecunningham.comGeography Expert Substack | Ritchie Cunningham | SubstackGeography Expert - Facebook Grouphttps://www.facebook.com/groups/3514097965371452UK Geography teachers | FacebookTwitter - @RRitchieCYouTube Geography Expert@geographyexpertBlueSky @geographyexpert.bsky.socialThreads cunninghamritchieLinkedIn (7) Ritchie Cunningham | LinkedInThank you for listening