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Support the show! Here's a 40% discount off a premium subscription! https://www.globaldispatches.org/40PercentOff Or at full price here: https://www.globaldispatches.org/ Russia's war in Ukraine has become a grinding war of attrition. Every month, tens of thousands of Russian soldiers are killed or wounded on the front lines. But Vladimir Putin has so far resisted a full-scale mass mobilization that would force large numbers of ordinary Russians into uniform — a move that could prove politically costly at home. So Russia is looking elsewhere for manpower. That includes Africa. In recent months, reports have emerged of African nationals being recruited to fight for Russia in Ukraine. Some go knowingly. But many others appear to have been lured under false pretenses, promised civilian jobs in Russia as truck drivers, security guards, or other workers — only to find themselves routed into military training camps and then sent to the front lines. My guest today, Guyo Chepe Turi, has been investigating how this recruitment pipeline works. He is a research officer with the Institute for Security Studies in Nairobi, where he focuses on East Africa peace, security, and governance. In a recent article, he examined how recruitment networks are targeting young Africans, including in Kenya, and sending them into Russia's war effort. According to Guyo, Ukraine estimates that there are nearly 3,000 fighters from at least 36 African countries now involved in Russia's war. The countries affected include Kenya, Ghana, Egypt, Morocco, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Cameroon, and others. The true number may be higher, because many of these cases go undocumented.

Colombia's President-elect Abelardo de la Espriella is an unusual politician. For one, he has never held elected office and does not represent a traditional political party. Rather, he built a career as a criminal defense attorney, including in Miami, where he represented high-powered clients facing corruption allegations. He also became a familiar presence in Trump circles, with appearances at Trump properties, and holds American and Italian passports. Trump personally endorsed de la Espriella, seeking a new ally in Bogotá. De la Espriella's populist message resonated with Colombians, who narrowly elected him on Sunday. So what does the sudden emergence of this new political force mean for Colombia's long struggle with armed violence? How does this election fit into a broader pattern of right-wing victories in the region? And can Colombia's landmark 2016 peace agreement with the FARC hold? I discuss all these questions, and more, with the International Crisis Group's Deputy Director for Latin America, Elizabeth Dickinson, who spoke with me from Bogotá. This conversation is truly an expert briefing. You'll learn how de la Espriella rose so quickly, why his victory marks such a sharp break from Colombia's recent political trajectory, and what his presidency may mean for the future of peace, security, and democracy in one of Latin America's most consequential countries.

Get a full subscription at a 40% off: https://www.globaldispatches.org/40PercentOff Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett could become the first United Nations Secretary-General of Indigenous descent. Guyana's ambassador to the United Nations was nominated as a Secretary-General candidate this week, bringing the grand total of candidates to six as we enter the final stretch of the campaign before the first Security Council straw polls. Anjali knows Rodrigues-Birkett! They had lunch together not long ago, and in this episode of To Save Us From Hell she explains what Guyana's UN ambassador brings to this race. We also discuss what we learned from the three-hour General Assembly forum with another candidate, Maria Espinosa. Remember: We watch these marathon forums so you don't have to! (Another reason to subscribe to Global Dispatches, which gets you all episodes of To Save Us From Hell) Finally, we discuss Antonio Guterres' visit this week to Haiti, and what it suggests about international efforts to support security and stability as Haiti seeks to emerge from crisis. All those segments are for our paying subscribers only. But up first: we discuss the UN's role in the Iran ceasefire — and what this moment means for the UN's ability to mediate conflicts around the world.

Since the start of the U.S.-Israel-Iran conflict on February 28, I've found myself drawn to a handful of thoughtful analysts who have helped me make sense of the unfolding conflict and its vast global implications. One of those people is Gregory Brew, an analyst at Eurasia Group and a historian who studies the intersection of Iran, oil, and U.S. foreign policy. As rumors of a potential ceasefire began to swirl, I reached out to Greg to help me understand the nature of this agreement and what it means for U.S.-Iran relations, the region, and the global oil market. We kick off by discussing what we know so far about what this ceasefire obliges Iran and the United States to do, whether he thinks it can hold, and what may come next. This is a timely conversation that will give you the background and context you need to understand U.S.-Iran diplomacy as it unfolds over the coming weeks. It is freely available to all, but, as always, your support through a paid subscription is what makes this kind of content possible. Support Global Dispatches with a discounted subscription: https://www.globaldispatches.org/40PercentOff

The Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo is raging with no end in sight. So far, there are 676 confirmed cases, including 136 confirmed deaths. The true numbers are likely higher. One reason this outbreak is so bad is that it was detected late. According to my guest today, Jeremy Konyndyk, one reason disease surveillance broke down was that the United States abruptly cut funding for these programs and related activities in the DRC as part of its shuttering of USAID and steep foreign aid cuts last year. Jeremy Konyndyk is the president of Refugees International and has deep experience managing Ebola outbreaks, having served as the American point person on the response to the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. We kick off by discussing the trajectory of this outbreak and why U.S. foreign aid cuts likely allowed Ebola to spread undetected, before having a longer conversation about how to get this worsening outbreak under control.

In this special crossover episode between Global Dispatches and the Sinica Podcast, Kaiser Kuo and I use Xi Jinping's two-day visit to North Korea as an entrypoint to discuss how Chinese foreign policy has shifted in recent years — on the Korean Peninsula, in the Middle East, and at the United Nations. Kaiser Kuo is the founder and longtime host of Sinica, which has partnered with Global Dispatches so that paid subscribers to Global Dispatches can now get a 50 percent discount on a one-year subscription to Sinica. I'm also happy to announce that if you take advantage of this opportunity, you'll be helping not just Sinica but Global Dispatches — because the proceeds will be divided between the two of us! This partnership is part of the NonZero Network, of which Sinica and Global Dispatches are both members. Go here to take advantage of the offer.

I want to recommend a new podcast I think our audience will like: it's called World's Toughest Job, from Foreign Policy magazine and the United Nations Foundation. And today, I'm sharing with you the debut episode. Between now and the end of this year, 193 member states will elect a new secretary-general of the United Nations. This person will oversee a staff of tens of thousands around the world and be asked to manage global emergencies, avert climate disaster, and end wars—all while answering to 193 bosses. On World's Toughest Job, co-hosts Jasmin Baoumy and former UN Deputy Secretary-General Mark Malloch-Brown spend 8 episodes talking with world leaders, thinkers, and diplomats about what kind of leader the UN needs now. The selection process for the next secretary-general is happening now, so the show is particularly timely - we recommend you check it out. You can find World's Toughest Job on Apple, Spotify, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Unlock the full episode with a discount subscription to Global Dispatches --> https://www.globaldispatches.org/40PercentOff There was a remarkable scene at the United Nations yesterday as the President of the General Assembly and former German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock read out the results of a hotly contested race for a Security Council seat. For months, Portugal, Austria, and Germany had been duking it out behind the scenes at the General Assembly. These three EU allies were competing for just two seats on the Security Council, where they would serve for two years as non-permanent members. They needed the votes of two-thirds of the Assembly to secure those seats, and one country would be the odd European out. As Baerbock read the results, she sat stone-faced while the General Assembly erupted in raucous applause: Portugal and Austria would be joining the Security Council in 2027. Germany was snubbed. This was the first time that Germany sought a Security Council seat and lost. What's more, it was the first time that any of the so-called "G4" countries — India, Brazil, Japan, and Germany — were denied a seat on the Council. Adding insult to injury in Berlin is the fact that, ever since the United States sharply cut foreign aid, Germany has been the largest bilateral donor in the world, according to OECD figures. So what happened here? Why was Germany snubbed? In this episode of To Save Us From Hell, our podcast about the United Nations, we break down the likely reason that Germany fell from a shoo-in for the Council to losing an election to much smaller European countries. But first, we discuss the first "hustings" in the race for UN Secretary-General, hosted in London by the United Nations Association of the United Kingdom. Five of the six declared candidates for UN Secretary-General took rapid-fire questions before a live audience in London. We break down what we learned about the candidates — and what their answers suggest about who might become the next UN Secretary-General.

There are two competing trends in the global fight against HIV/AIDS. On the one hand, there has been tremendous progress toward reducing the number of infections and deaths from HIV/AIDS over the last twenty years. Scientific advances in treatment and prevention, new policy tools, and political and funding commitments have driven down HIV/AIDS to the point where it is possible to foresee an AIDS-free world in the not-so-distant future. On the other hand, over the last few years, that progress has suddenly come under threat. COVID upended HIV/AIDS programs in much of the world, and more recently, sudden and swift funding cuts, including from the United States, are shaking the foundation upon which previous decades of progress were built. On June 22 and 23, these two competing forces will come to a head at the United Nations, where diplomats are gathering for a major meeting on HIV/AIDS. According to my guest today, Mitchell Warren, the High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS at the UN presents a unique opportunity for multilateral coordination toward the goal of ending HIV/AIDS as a public health threat, but that goal may be stymied. Key countries that previously led the global fight against HIV/AIDS, including the United States, are stepping back from their leadership roles, potentially upending decades of progress. Mitchell Warren is the executive director of AVAC, an advocacy group. We kick off by discussing some of the exciting new scientific innovations that may accelerate progress toward ending HIV/AIDS as a public health threat, then have a discussion of how cuts in funding and eroding political commitments are hitting just as these promising new scientific innovations are coming online. We then have a long conversation about how this dynamic may play out at the UN — and what to expect from the High-Level Meeting on HIV/AIDS.

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty is the "glue" that holds the entire global nuclear security architecture together — but is it fraying? I spent much of last month at the United Nations covering the review conference of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. This is a conference of all members of the NPT that happens every five years. Countries come together to assess progress toward the treaty's goals and plot ways to enhance the treaty's impact and effectiveness in preventing the spread of nuclear weapons, reducing nuclear stockpiles, and supporting the peaceful uses of nuclear energy. That's the idea. But on Friday, as the conference gaveled to a close, the 191 states parties could not come to an agreement. The conference failed to achieve consensus on a way forward for the NPT. And this failure comes amid a host of other challenges in the nuclear security landscape: China's rapid buildup; the end of all bilateral arms control agreements between the United States and Russia; the U.S.-Israel war on Iran; Russia's war on Ukraine; the increasing integration of AI into nuclear weapons systems; and more and more countries openly suggesting that nuclear weapons may be a solution to their security challenges. My interview guest today is Alexandra Bell, head of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists — the organization perhaps best known for the Doomsday Clock. We kick off by discussing what the NPT has achieved since it entered into force more than 50 years ago, and what this major conference at the United Nations suggests about the state of global nuclear security today? This episode is produced in partnership with Ploughshares, a foundation committed to reducing and ultimately eliminating nuclear threats.