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- [00:00]
Ryan Seacrest
This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside the uk
- [00:06]
Narrator/Advertiser
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Martha (Kohler Cast Iron Ambassador)
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- [01:39]
Celia Hatton
This is the global news podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm Celia Hatton and in the early hours of Sunday 5th April, these are our main stories. Donald Trump ramps up the diplomatic pressure, warning all hell would rain down on Iran if they don't make a deal. By Monday, Tehran's responded with similar threats. The hunt for a missing American aviator continues inside Iran. A former hostage interrogator tells us what Iran might be planning. And in Ukraine, mines are being cleared so farmers near the front lines can get back to the land.
- [02:17]
Astronaut (NASA Artemis 2 crew)
Also in this podcast, there's a lot of happiness and then you know right away you are humbled the fact that four of us get to be out here. But let me assure you, it is another level of amazing up here.
- [02:30]
Celia Hatton
The four astronauts on NASA's Artemis 2 mission are thrilled to be moving ever closer to the moon. Let's start with the latest exchange of threats between the US And Iran. The President of the United States wrote on social media that all hell would rain down on Iran if it didn't make a deal within 48 hours. He'd previously said he would move ahead with attacks on Iranian energy plants. Tehran's push back with similar words with a spokesperson saying that if hostility escalates, the entire region will turn into hell. Also, as we go to air, an American aviator is still believed to be missing inside Iran. That person landed in enemy territory on Friday after ejecting from a US Fighter jet when it was shot down. American rescuers are searching for their compatriot to find that person before the Iranians do. But it's a high risk mission. One US Crew member from that downed jet was found on Friday in a dangerous operation that saw a U.S. black Hawk helicopter come under fire and a second military jet involved in the rescue crashed, with the pilot in that plane ejecting safely. As that hunt is happening in a remote area in southern Iran, people across the country are coping with the effects of war. Communications networks are down, but some inside Iran have sent some messages through to our colleagues in BBC Persian. Here are some of their words voiced by our producers.
- [04:02]
Bahman Kalbasi
Let's just wait to see what Donald Trump actually does.
- [04:06]
James Komarasamy
I fear that things could swing pretty sharply in favor of the Islamic Republic
- [04:10]
Bahman Kalbasi
if he actually decides to destroy energy infrastructure after this.
- [04:14]
James Komarasamy
The US has done things they hadn't done before in Iran. I think the situation is not normal. I hope they don't take the pilot as a hostage.
- [04:23]
Celia Hatton
Our correspondent in Washington's Simi Jalawa show told me more about President Trump's latest ultimatum.
- [04:30]
Simi Jalawasho
His latest truth social post was a reminder of this 10 day deadline that he gave Iran two weeks ago. And he's threatened that if they don't reopen the Strait of Hormuz By Monday, 6th of April, the US would launch attacks on its energy infrastructure. But bear in mind his deadlines have shifted repeatedly and they've come amid his claims that talks with Iran are going very well and are productive. But these are talks that Tehran has denied. And it also comes in the midst of this military buildup we're seeing in the Middle east of American paratroopers and Marines. So there's a lot of speculation whether this is simply a pressure tactic or this is a preparation for an escalation, such as further attacks on along Iran's shoreline to push them to free up the Strait of Hormuz or even for a possible ground invasion.
- [05:23]
Celia Hatton
And this is all happening, we should say, as an American aviator is missing inside Iran. What have you been hearing from the American side?
- [05:32]
Simi Jalawasho
So we haven't received any updated information from Central Command on how the search for this missing aviator is going. The White House simply told media the president has been briefed. President Trump said this incident wouldn't affect any negotiations with Iran. When asked what his response would be if the service member is found and is found harmed, he simply said he hopes that Wouldn't be the case in terms of reaction from the public. Well, there's this growing concern of a risk to US Service personnel in this war, particularly with all this talk about a possible ground invasion. Across the political spectrum, there's little appetite for another so called forever war in the Middle east, but also for further American casualties.
- [06:22]
Celia Hatton
Simi, you're in the United States. You're seeing the media coverage of the missing aviator there. What's that coverage like? Is it wall to wall? What are ordinary Americans saying in terms
- [06:34]
Simi Jalawasho
of the media coverage? There's a lot of speculation as to what has happened to this crew member, but the main sort of re just a lot of well wishes for the crew member that is missing and also for the crew members that were involved in the initial search and rescue operation. They came under fire, Iranian fire, but they managed to escape out of Iranian airspace or I've been seeing in these reports. And also just speculation around how this war will end. The big question that a lot of people here don't feel like the Trump administration has answered is what would victory look like and when will that happen?
- [07:16]
Celia Hatton
Simi Jalawasho in Washington. As Washington and Tehran carry out competing searches for the American aviator missing inside Iran, what kind of threats is that person facing and how have they been trained to survive in enemy territory? The BBC's military analyst Mikey Kay has been speaking to a former military hostage interrogator who's chosen to remain anonymous. He began by explaining the protocol to avoid capture.
- [07:46]
Former Military Hostage Interrogator
He or she will want to get rid of any kit they can get rid of, and if they get the chance to bury it, if the ground allows them to do that, in addition to that, in regards to themselves, their whole Persona will be extremely heightened in terms of adrenaline, their hearing, sight, smell, because what they'll be doing is wanting not to engage with anybody whatsoever. So although they'll be heading, in this case hopefully due west, it's very important that that individual manages to stay completely out of sight if at all possible. They found the first crew member within roughly about 12 hours. What's hindering the detection and extraction by the combat search and rescue crews of the second crew member? Well, first and foremost, we don't know if the beacon itself is operational. Was it serviceable in the first place? Was it damaged when he or she exited the aircraft, or was it damaged on landing? It's important to remember also certain powers have the ability to hand information to Iran to get around that encryption. And are there any scenarios where the second crew member could have been captured but The Iranians aren't letting on to that. Yes, the Iranians no doubt want to find this individual if they already haven't done so. Because if I put my nasty head on, I will have kept saying, yes, we can't find this individual whatsoever, because what they will do or might have the capability to do is fire that beacon in, draw the American forces in to take them out as well. I remember when I was operating over Baghdad, we were trained in conduct after capture that was operating in an urban environment. What does conduct after capture look like potentially for this second crew member? As with anybody who's captured, they're going to suffer first and foremost from the shock of capture. They will be interrogated without doubt. But as I always like to say, and use the term, say whatever you want, but whatever you say, say nothing. Because what the Iranians will be trying to do is trip that person up for the hope that they're going to elicit some information that's useful to them. Torture is probably put to one side because that elicits nothing. So they'll be using isolation, hunger, sleep deprivation, but also an individual who's asked to stand or sit for, for a long time in certain stress positions that will again wear that person down. And in terms from your extensive experience, you've spoken about trying to get information from that crew member, but from a propaganda perspective, what will the Iranians be doing on that front? Well, I foresee that they're going to put him, he or she, in front of the cameras, which is a good thing because that allows the individual to be known to the world, because the Iranians obviously are going to have to fess up if anything then happens to that individual, he or she. But I think potentially they might even go for some sort of trial just to further embarrass the Americans.
- [10:57]
Celia Hatton
A former military hostage interrogator speaking to Mikey K. Well, staying with the war, Iran's continued to fire more missiles at Gulf States, Iraq and Israel. But the fact that an American aviator is missing on Iranian soil has complicated Israel's retaliation strategy. Our reporter Joel Gunter is in Jerusalem.
- [11:20]
Ryan Seacrest
Israel is cooperating, sharing some intelligence, and has agreed to stop launching airstrikes against the specific area where this member of the American aircrew may be missing. We've heard from a spokesman for Iran's military command that they are saying that this downing of the jet was because of a new advanced Iranian air defense system, boasting that it was a humiliation for both the US and for Israel. It does show that, however badly degraded Iran's air defense systems are that it is still capable of downing U.S. jets. Israeli Defense officials had said previously that they had pulverized Iran's defense systems and the US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth had boasted of the crushing of Iran's air defense systems. But this does go to show that they still have the capacity to potentially down an American jet. Here in Jerusalem we have had yet more sirens followed by the sound of successive very loud booms, very likely detonations by Israel's interception system of missiles or drones from Iran. That's the story across the region in a way. We've heard from the United Arab Emirates the that they have intercepted dozens of drones and missiles from Iran, again showing that Iran still has that launching capacity. Israel has been continuing strikes against Lebanon and operating militarily in the south of Lebanon. And we've heard from the Israeli military that a member of the IDF was killed in clashes with Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. We've also seen increasing strikes across the region on infrastructure, most notably in Iran an Israeli strike which killed a worker outside an Iranian nuclear plant, although we understand that the nuclear plant itself was not damaged and the IAEA says no higher levels of radiation detected. But it does lead to concerns about an escalation across the region in strikes against industry and civilian infrastructure.
- [13:35]
Celia Hatton
The BBC's Joel Gunter in Jerusalem US federal agents have arrested two women who are thought to be the niece and grand niece of Qasem Soleimani. He was a top Iranian military commander who was assassinated in a U.S. strike six years ago. The Trump administration says the women's U.S. visas or green cards were revoked and it's preparing to deport them. It's accused one of the women of voicing support for Tehran. BBC Persians Bahman Kalbasi who's in New York told me more.
- [14:08]
Bahman Kalbasi
All the information about this has come from the US Government and they have said that the Secretary of State Marco Rubio has used his authority to go after their green cards and then they have been arrested to be deported. We've seen this method used before in some high profile cases including Mahmoud Khalil, the Palestinian American student here at Columbia University in New York where his green card was revoked by the secretary, then he was arrested, then he was in jail for a number of months. But eventually the judge ordered him to be released and found the rationale not to be sound legally. But it seems like they have now reused the same authority in this case. We don't know if the allegation that they are the niece and grand niece of Qassem Soleimani is correct because the daughter of former Iranian general came out a few hours later denying that his father even has a niece and said that he has family members, that none live in the United States and all of them are in Iran and he does not have a niece. So that to some extent has poked some holes in the story by the US Government. But what they did say is that these individuals were celebrating the Iranian government's victories, developments that they saw as victories, and cheered for the Iranian government. So both of them are new frontiers in terms of first, if you are a member of family with somebody that the United States find to be an enemy, but also if you express opinions that is seen to be cheering for the other side of the war that has crossed a certain line from the perspective of the administration and can be kicked out of the United States.
- [16:13]
Celia Hatton
I'm going to imagine that news of this green card cancellation spread like wildfire among those of Iranian descent inside the United States. What's it like for members of the Iranian diaspora in the US Right now?
- [16:28]
Bahman Kalbasi
I have to say a sizable portion of the society welcomes the Iranian community, welcomes these moves if it's really proven that they're members of the Iranian family. It's been an ongoing complaint by a lot of people in diaspora that say that Iranian government officials oppress people, brutally kill Iranians in Iran, but then their sons and daughters comfortably live in the United States. So that has been a flashpoint in the diaspora politics. The problem is a lot of people are getting caught in between that have nothing to do with the regime. And that includes many people who are here legally and trying to adjust their status to become permanent residents. All of them are on this base, basically pause of processing. So if you're an Iranian, all your applications while you're already in the United States has been paused. And that has caused people to lose jobs, have caused people to lose university degrees because they couldn't finish their studies or not be able to join their husband or wife or family member who sponsored them. So it has caused a lot of pain in the community as well.
- [17:40]
Celia Hatton
BBC Persian's Bahman Kalbasi still to come
- [17:45]
Sally Rees
in this podcast, women are just not being listened to. So when they give instructions to boys, the boys just ignore them. Yet when they're given the same instruction by a male teacher, they will do what they're told.
- [17:57]
Celia Hatton
How the manosphere is poisoning the atmosphere in British classrooms.
- [18:08]
Martha (Kohler Cast Iron Ambassador)
When Kohler, the global design leader in luxurious kitchen and bath products, came to me and said, martha, we need an ambassador for our timeless, elegant, durable cast iron products. I said, I'm in. Now let me see the factory. Weeks later I was suited up in coveralls and work boots, walking through their Kohler, Wisconsin cast iron foundry. I stood next to the molten iron furnace, saw the hand applying enamel and touched the gorgeous finished products waiting to be sent out into the world. Since 1883, Kohler cast iron products have been forged and finished by the incredible craftspeople right in Kohler, Wisconsin. I'll tell you, I gained a newfound respect and appreciation for for Kohler's cast iron craftsmanship. So now I'm lending my discerning staff of approval to my most beloved Kohler cast iron products for their durability, beauty and timelessness. Shop my Kohler Cast Iron favorites curated on Kohler.com bring the warmth, character and enduring style of these timeless products into your kitchens and bathrooms. As the Kohler Cast Iron Ambassador, I say, long live cast iron.
- [19:30]
Narrator/Advertiser
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- [20:28]
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- [21:47]
Narrator/Advertiser
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- [22:21]
Celia Hatton
This is the Global News podcast. Ukraine is now one of the most heavily mined countries in the world, and authorities are trying to clear the devices as quickly as possible. In some de mined areas, farmers are able to grow produce, often close to the front line. A number of restaurants in Kyiv are now using that produce in some of their dishes as part of an initiative by the United Nations Development Program and Ukraine's Ministry of Economy. All proceeds from those meals will be donated towards demining efforts. Our Eastern Europe correspondent, Sarah Rainsford, went to the project's launch, which included a bread making workshop. Don't be shy, just take your places.
- [23:04]
Sarah Rainsford
This was a masterclass in Kyiv with a message.
- [23:07]
Celia Hatton
Today, approximately 20% of Ukraine's territory is
- [23:12]
Maxim (Ukrainian Farmer)
potentially contaminated with mines.
- [23:15]
Sarah Rainsford
Clearing all of that is a huge task, but it is a vital one in a country that's famed for its soil and its farming. So what better way to highlight the problem than a baking class? Denise the baker is mixing together in a huge wooden trough flour, water and the sourdough starter. And the main thing about all of this is that the baskets of flour that he's using have come from land in Ukraine that has been cleared of the landmines that have been planted in huge numbers by the Russian military. So what's your name?
- [23:51]
James Komarasamy
Roman Primus Deputy Head of State Emergency Service of Ukraine.
- [23:54]
Sarah Rainsford
Brilliant. So you know all about the problem
- [23:56]
James Komarasamy
of landmines when we have liberated the territory, unfortunately, we saw that so many territory was mined, especially its agricultural territory. That's why it's one of the priority to clear this territory as quick as possible. It's a problem for Ukraine because we have more than 600 died or injured, because the Russians use booby traps, cluster munitions.
- [24:22]
Sarah Rainsford
Maxim supplied the flour for the masterclass from up in the Sumy region near the Russian border. He says many farmers there can't access their fields at all anymore because the mines blow up their tractors. And even if the soil's clear, he says there are Russian attack drones overhead almost constantly. Maxime tells me he keeps going on. Sheer enthusiasm. The amateur bakers in the class do seem to appreciate that. I'm super happy.
- [24:54]
Maxim (Ukrainian Farmer)
That's my first bread in my life.
- [24:56]
Sarah Rainsford
I've never done before. And especially to know from where this
- [25:00]
Celia Hatton
flower being collected, it's super important to have it in my hands.
- [25:06]
Sarah Rainsford
As part of the effort to raise awareness about the problem of mines, some restaurants in Kyiv have included items on their menus that are made using ingredients from decontaminated land. And we've come to one of them to find out a bit more. So this is the demining menu. Soul of Soil, it's called.
- [25:27]
Maxim (Ukrainian Farmer)
Yeah, it's our special dish with octopus and with sweet potatoes and papaya. But the onion and the carrot is from these territories.
- [25:37]
Sarah Rainsford
And all the money that we have
- [25:39]
Maxim (Ukrainian Farmer)
from this dish helps for the main territories.
- [25:42]
Celia Hatton
More and more,
- [25:45]
Sarah Rainsford
Chef Constantine is just chopping up the ingredients and preparing the frying pan. So these ingredients are from near the border area?
- [25:56]
James Komarasamy
Yeah, yeah. These are the ingredients from the fields. It's great. First of all, this project shows that we are able to take back our land. And also people who are not there fighting on the front, they can donate money and get a delicious dish.
- [26:15]
Sarah Rainsford
The guests are just starting to arrive now for lunch, and the big hope has to be that they actually order the special land wine dish from the menu. Of course, as the war is still ongoing, every day more and more mines are being laid, more and more cluster munitions being used, creating huge challenges for many years into the future.
- [26:37]
Celia Hatton
Sarah Rainsford in Kyiv. We've heard a lot about falling vaccination rates leading to children around the world dying unnecessarily from diseases like measles. Now, Bangladesh is about to launch an emergency vaccination program. 38 children there have died from measles already this year. The fear is that the real number of deaths from measles could be even higher as many cases go unrecorded. Our global affairs reporter Ambarasin Etarajan told us more.
- [27:08]
James Komarasamy
It's a big outbreak in Bangladesh. The authorities are really worried because we are now only in the first week of April and they are talking already about 38 cases. And the Bangladeshi media is reporting close to 100 deaths because many of them had to be tested before they can add to the official figure. But beyond that, the doctors are worried because in many villages, people may not even bring their children to hospital and probably, you know, they would have died. So the numbers could be much higher now. Why this year, particularly in Bangladesh, you know, it's a country of 175 million people and they managed to reduce the number of deaths. Measles, you know, it is highly contagious. The kids get mostly runny nose, very watery eyes, high temperature, and then they get rashes and that also they lose bit of immunity than other diseases attack. So it's a really a nightmare situation for parents. You know, Bangladesh witnessed a big political crisis in 24 and 25, and also there were some strikes by health workers. So once in four years, they're supposed to have this vaccination program. It has to be given in two doses, so they somehow missed the figures. And last year, probably around 40% of the kids did not get the vaccination, unfortunately, because of this political turmoil in the last two years. And also remember the international funding stopped for many of these aid agencies, especially for health sector. In the last two years, you see the spike in Africa and other places. So in Bangladesh's case, they ran out of money at some point late last year.
- [28:46]
Celia Hatton
Embarrassing. There's been a lot of talk in recent years about the impact on young people of the manosphere, a collection of social media accounts that promote a hyper masculine, misogynistic view of the world. Now, one of the UK's largest teaching unions is drawing attention to the issue and its effects on pupils and on female teachers. According to a survey conducted for the union, a quarter of those teachers have been subjected to misogyny by students in the past year. Sally Reese is a teacher and a former president of the union. From its annual conference, she told James Komarasamy more about what's been happening inside UK schools.
- [29:30]
Sally Rees
Women are just not being listened to. So when they give instructions to boys, the boys just ignore them. Yet when they're given the same instruction by a male teacher, they will do what they're told. And then what we're seeing is that rise in sort of technology assisted abuse. So the use of AI where we have teachers reporting that they are being sent graphic sexual messages like on Google classrooms to women teachers, telling them exactly what they want to do to them and how and where. And then when that's reported, the teachers are still expected to teach that pupil because we can't refuse to teach a pupil. There is also that kind of intimidation of female teachers. We had a case recently here in Northern Ireland where 19 boys were suspended for one day for surrounding and intimidating the female principal. There was an immediate onslaught online of parental complaints that their sons were then being villainized. And then in the same week we had reports of AI images of girls being generated and shared among male pupil pupils. And it has certainly got worse because of the access to online extreme misogynistic content which has then normalized the way in which you engage with women and girls in schools and colleges and how you speak to them.
- [30:43]
James Komarasamy
What has changed over the years that you have been teaching?
- [30:46]
Sally Rees
I mean, 10 years ago I was called into my principal's office and was informed that the police had found a USB stick and that contained upskirt images and videos of me and a colleague. And I assumed that there would be serious consequences for that 16 year old pupil, both in school and in law. But I was wrong. Basically the school refused to see it as a sexual offence and then they normalized his behaviour by not permanently excluding him, expecting me to teach him, and then they rewarded him by making him a prefect of film. Now that was 10 years ago. The law took a very similar view and they believed that the pupil was just performing a funny prank. Despite the fact it was 14 months of targeted covert recording. He was ultimately found guilty of five counts of outrage and public decency. And the NSUWT in Northern Ireland, we successfully campaigned to have legislation introduced to make Upskirton a criminal sexual offence. But very little has changed for female teachers and pupils in our schools and colleges since then. And despite all of the law changes and the governmental commitment and violence against women and girls, we just are seeing the worsening of attitudes.
- [31:51]
James Komarasamy
It's striking. You say when boys are suspended for
- [31:56]
Ryan Seacrest
a day for something that it is
- [31:59]
James Komarasamy
the parents who are outraged that their sons are being suspended rather than outraged about what they've done.
- [32:07]
Sally Rees
I think that comes down to the fact that we are still kind of excusing and minimising boys behaviour by saying it's just a bit of banter and boys will be boys. And I think that parental attitude is shaping that culture of misogyny that enables then harms to continue.
- [32:27]
James Komarasamy
Is this having an impact on the recruitment and the retention of female teachers?
- [32:33]
Sally Rees
Very much so. You know, if you think you're going into a school environment day in and day out and you don't know what you're going to be faced with in the classroom and then what happens is that behavior isn't challenged or you're not supported or believed by the senior leaders in your school. I think that's where the issue is for teachers. It's the stress, the fear on a day to day basis and it is driving the issue around recruitment and retention for sure.
- [33:00]
Celia Hatton
Sally Rees and before we go, let's check in on NASA's Artemis 2 lunar mission. So far, apart from a few issues with the onboard toilet which I found out cost $23 million, things appear to be going well for the astronauts. The crew are now more than halfway to the moon and preparing for their next big milestone, the lunar flyby on Monday. In their latest update, just over an hour ago, the astronauts said they were managing to sleep well and they'd spoken to their families. We've also heard the American and Canadian astronauts describing the incredible views they've seen from this spacecraft so far.
- [33:40]
Astronaut (NASA Artemis 2 crew)
To see the moon, to see the Earth and to know that we are between those two celestial bodies and you can see it when you look out the window. The Earth is almost in full eclipse, the moon is almost in full daylight. And the only way you could get that view is to be halfway between the two entities. It's just, it is truly a awe inspiring up here.
- [33:57]
Maxim (Ukrainian Farmer)
Last night we did have our first view of the moon far side and it was just absolutely spectacular. I think that one of the interesting things that happens when you look at a moon that inherently just looks different is the darker parts just aren't quite in the right place. And something about you senses that is not the moon that I'm used to seeing. And sure enough, we got out our Lunar 20 targeting information and we matched up and we're like, that is the dark side. That is something we have never seen before. We must be, no kidding, like Reid said, somewhere between the Earth and the moon. Just pairing that with how much we miss and love our families and knowing that they're looking up and seeing the same moon, it's a pretty amazing feeling.
- [34:41]
Astronaut (NASA Artemis 2 crew)
There's been a lot of disbelief up here. Just the fact that what we're seeing, where we are, it's hard to wrap your mind around. I mean that sincerely. It really bends your mind there's a lot of happiness and then you know right away you are humbled. The fact that four of us get to be out here, we're doing our best to show it with the camera, but you can't do it. I know those photos are amazing, but let me assure you, it is another level of amazing up here.
- [35:10]
Celia Hatton
The astronauts carrying out NASA's Artemis 2 lunar mission. And that's all from us for now. If you want to get in touch, you can email us@globalpodcastbc.co.uk you can also find us on X@BBC World Service. Use the hashtag Global Newspod. And don't forget our sister podcast, the Global Story, which goes in depth and beyond the headlines on one big story. This edition of the Global News Podcast was mixed by Chris Hanson. The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Celia Hatton. Until next time.
- [35:43]
Simi Jalawasho
Goodbye.
- [35:45]
Martha (Kohler Cast Iron Ambassador)
Foreign.
- [35:50]
Narrator/Advertiser
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