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- [00:00]
Pete Ross
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Pete Ross
This is the Global News podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm Pete Ross and at 14:00 GMT on Tuesday 14 April these are our main stories. China has condemned the US blockade of Iranian ports in the Strait of Hormuz as dangerous and irresponsible. Meanwhile, ship tracking data shows at least four Iran linked vessels have crossed the strait since the blockade began on Monday. The founder of Evergrande, formerly China's biggest property developer, is in court on corruption charges. Also in this podcast, a BBC investigation uncovers evidence that Greek police are recruiting migrants to force other migrants from border crossings.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
A woman films herself in front of a group of migrants huddled under a tree, but later masked men are running down a track towards them and a
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Pete Ross
good news story for some of Africa's endangered mountain gorillas. We begin with the impact of the continuing blockades in the Strait of Hormuz as calls grow for Iran to reopen the strait. There has also been widespread criticism of the decision by the US to blockade Iran's Gulf ports in Oman and the Indian Ocean. The Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Gwa Jiakun, called the action dangerous and irresponsible and said it would only exacerbate tensions and undermine the already fragile ceasefire agreement. China believes that only by achieving a comprehensive ceasefire and end of hostilities can conditions be fundamentally created to ease the situations in the strait. We urge all parties to abide by the ceasefire agreement, focus on the overall direction of dialogue and negotiations, take concrete actions to promote de escalation and restore normal navigation in the strait as soon as possible. Many of the tankers that have made it through the Brzee shipping channel since the start of the conflict more than six weeks ago have been bound for China. With the details, here's our China correspondent, Laura Baker.
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Laura Bicker
China's Foreign Ministry has once again called for a ceasefire and for restraint on all sides and for safe passage for all ships through the Strait of Hormuz. During its regular briefing today, it is my understanding and it has been reported that China is trying to work behind the scenes to push Tehran toward the negotiations table. But these words come against a backdrop of yet another foreign leader, this time the Prime Minister of Spain visiting Beijing. In the last few months alone we've had the leaders of Britain, of Germany, of Finland, of Canada, all here trying to Do a deal with China. And when it comes to Spain, the most vocal critic in Europe against US and Israeli actions in Iran has been Pedro Sanchez. And he did so again today when he met with President Xi. He pushed China to take a bigger role on the world stage and to push for international order. For his part, President Xi said that chaos abounds and that the international order was crumbling. All of this comes as President Xi is positioning himself against the US as a stable power, a stable global power that is peaceful and is able to be a beacon of stability in the world. And I think when it comes to the likes of peace talks, Beijing wants to stay on the sidelines. It won't want to wade too far into any kind of conflict. It does have this policy of non interference, so its leverage over Iran is limited. Tehran in the last week has called for both China and and Russia to provide security guarantees in the event of any peace deal. That might be very difficult for Beijing to offer, but it will be cautiously right now trying to examine what position it takes in the weeks going forward. It does want an end to this war because of the global insecurity in terms of the economy and it will not want this war to continue. However, it also has to balance that against its policy of non interference for and its wariness against getting involved in any foreign war.
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Pete Ross
Laura Bicker in Beijing. Meanwhile, a number of tankers have passed through the Strait of Hormuz in what would appear to be a direct challenge to the US blockade which began on Monday. BBC analysis suggests four Iran linked ships were on the move. Michelle Visa Bockman is a senior maritime analyst at Windward and has been tracking some of the ships in the region.
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Michelle Visa Bockman
I'm tracking three vessels with particular interest at the moment. Two of them are falsely flagged US sanctioned tankers that have called at Iran ports. One of them laden with Iranian clean petroleum products. Both were outbound transits breaching the blockade. One of them reached international waters when it reached the Gulf of Oman, hasn't signaled in six hours. The other one, Rich Starry, also, as I said, falsely flagged, that literally transited through the Gulf of Oman and, and has now turned around. At the same time there was another bulk carrier that was signalling, it had called it Iran previously that transited last night. It reached, outbound, reached the Gulf of Oman once it got into international waters. We haven't seen its signal for 12 hours. So this is a developing situation but really interesting.
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Pete Ross
So was there any attempt to intercept these tankers? A question for our security correspondent, Frank Gardiner.
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Frank Gardner
I Don't think there was. There may well have been discussions radio two ways over the airwaves that we don't know about. But it's quite significant this, because this was supposed to be a total blockade by the U.S. of Iran's Gulf ports, in fact, of its entire coastline, including Shah Bahar down further to the east. But two of those ships left Iran's ports of Bushar in one case, and Bandar Imam Khomeini in the other. So either the US didn't know about it or chose to let them go for some reason. Now, it may be some are suggesting that these vessels had used something called spoofing, where. So every ship has something called an AIs, an Automatic Identifier System. It's basically a transponder that tells people where it is. And you can spoof that by trying to pretend that you're somewhere that you're not. I mean, for those of us who've done time covering the Israel Palestine conflict, for example, I find that I might be in the middle of Israel and my phone is telling me I'm in Beirut. So these things happen sometimes. Now, it may be that that is what's behind it, but either way, there is clearly an inconsistency here in this blockade. The big picture, of course, is that this is a game of chicken. It's who blinks first. Will it be Iran? Will it be the US and there are big pressures on both. So the US is hoping that it's putting the final squeeze on Iran's economy, that without it being able to export its oil, I mean, you can get a small amount out through the land borders, but it's a fraction of what you can get out by sea. That Iran's Islamic Republic government will finally cave in and agree to America's demands and on the nuclear file primarily, but also relinquish its hold on the Strait of Hormuz. I'm not sure that's going to happen because Iran is incredibly resilient and able to take a lot of pain. Iran will be hoping that the effect of all of this on global energy prices, driving them up. Not just prices, but shortages. People, you know, summer holidays in jeopardy because there might not be enough flights, because there's not enough jet fuel. So. So they will be hoping that there's enough pressure in the United States that they start to look for a deal. And so it's a case of who holds out longest.
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Pete Ross
Frank Gardner. What was once China's leading property developer, Evergrande, is at the center of one of the country's biggest corporate scandals. Its founder, Hui Ka Yan, has pleaded guilty to a number of charges, including embezzlement of assets and corporate bribery at a court in the southern city of Shenzhen. The company was once worth more than $50 billion. Our business correspondent Nick Marsh told us more.
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Nick Marsh
Kwiku Kayan was placed under police control in late 2023. By that point, Evergrande was already in serious trouble. It had amassed absolutely enormous debts. It owed about $300 billion at one point to various banks and investors. He was charged with basically a series of fraud offenses. He already admitted to and was fined for inflating the company's assets. And now he has pleaded gu. He said he's expressed regret for the mismanagement and for this embezzlement. And he'll be sentenced presumably later this week. There hasn't been a verdict yet, but given that he's pleaded guilty, imagine be sentenced. Real fall from grace really for someone who was born into poverty in rural China, became China's richest man, Asia's second richest man, head of this absolutely enormous property giant. And now he's probably going to spend a significant amount of time behind bars.
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Pete Ross
And what are the wider implications for the Chinese economy on this? A lot of people in China, if they can afford it, they invest in property as a kind of nest egg for retirement, is that right? So this is going to have a big impact, I would have thought.
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Nick Marsh
Yeah, absolutely. I mean, this is a crisis that's been brewing for about five years at least, to put it, you know, very simply. Too many property developers borrowed too much money to build too many houses that not enough people wanted to buy. You know, the, the government saw a bubble coming up. They cut off credit lines so they said they couldn't take out any more loans. And all these companies then were just in absolutely huge amounts of debt. Some collapsed, like Evergrande, that was liquidated two years ago. Some are still, you know, battling on. But this has been a huge, huge drag on the Chinese economy because like you say, people have thousands and thousands invested in these properties. They're either not built or they've completely plummeted in value and therefore people won't spend. And that this is a big long term crisis that China is battling. This latest guilty plea of Hui Kayan, I mean, it is part of the government's response, but it's only a very small part. It's going to take years to fix.
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Pete Ross
Nick Marsh in Singapore. A BBC investigation has uncovered fresh, wide ranging evidence that indicates Greek police have for years been recruiting Migrants to force other migrants back across its river border with Turkey. So called pushbacks are widely considered illegal under international international law. The Greek Prime Minister told the BBC he was totally unaware of the allegations. Our Europe correspondent Jessica Parker has the story. A warning. Her report does contain distressing scenes of violence.
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Jessica Parker
Hi, we are all coming from Turkey.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
A woman films herself in front of a group of migrants huddled under a tree.
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Pete Ross
We have women, children here.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
It's June 2023. They're declaring that they've crossed the Everos river from Turkey into Greece and making an appeal.
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Jessica Parker
Please don't push back us, please accept us.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
But later there's panic. Masked men are running down a track towards them. A report by the EU border agency's independent investigator found that on the available evidence, the masked men are migrants themselves, armed and acting under Greek police orders. Their job here to force other migrants onto boats back to Turkey. This is a story about so called mercenaries. Greece's northeastern region of Evros. Folk musicians busk in local cafes. It's a borderland lying on the outer edge of the European Union. Tensions happen have flared here in the past as Greece has long grappled with waves of refugees and illegal migration, including here on the Evros River.
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Nick Marsh
Look to me.
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Frank Gardner
Look.
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Nick Marsh
Look. You look. Look.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
Our investigation began when we obtained disturbing images via a smuggler disgruntled with his associates. In one video, an unseen man points a stick at men sat on the ground. Some are stripped, bleeding or bruised.
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Frank Gardner
Look to me.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
This video's unverified, but mirrors accounts we've gathered over months of migrants being robbed and beaten in a pushback operation where mercenaries work for Greek police. Near Paris airport, we meet a Moroccan who we're calling Marwan. He says he was recruited under duress to ferry migrants back to Turkey in 2020. Plucked from a crowd of detained migrants by a Greek officer, he told me,
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Frank Gardner
you seem like a good guy and speak some English. Do you want to work with me? I felt forced to say yes because I was afraid he would beat me.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
What was the deal they offered you?
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Frank Gardner
€700, papers to stay in Greece and three mobile phones.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
Marwan denies being violent to anyone, but says he witnessed the worst beatings down by the river.
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Frank Gardner
The reason they beat them so much in that spot is to scare the migrants so they won't try to come back to Greece again.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
We're driving along a highway that's very close to Greece's eastern border with Turkey. Now and then you can even catch glimpses of a grey border fence that marks where the river Evros runs, but we can't just go down to that fence or the river to see what's happening. It's a military zone. So we've had to find other ways of investigating this story. We've come to Turkey. I'm not going to say exactly where because the woman we're meeting really wants to remain fully anonymous. But she says she was pushed back from Greece in 2025. That's despite having lodged an asylum claim. What's more, she has the paperwork and time stamped photos that we've seen to prove that she made it to Greece before. She says she was arrested with her family, with her children in the street by a policeman before being handed over to masked men who took her to the Everest River.
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Jessica Parker
They were stripping and beating people as
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
these men hunted for valuables, she recalls. The children were not spared.
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Jessica Parker
My daughter was wearing a diaper. They took it off. She was terrified and crying. He was pushing her, pushing her while removing it. He didn't care if she was a child.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
I'm just printing off extracts from a disciplinary inquiry into alleged corruption in the Greek border force at a hearing in 2024. As part of their defense, accused guards talk openly about the use of mercenaries, although they call them boatmen. Pakistanis, Syrians and Afghan first brought in from around 2020, it's claimed because Covid and tensions with the Turkish side had made pushbacks more dangerous. One guard says there was information which they'd reported to their superiors that boatmen were going to the woods, raping the women and taking their money. We have been trying for weeks and weeks to get a response from the Greek government about all of this, but we've had nothing official back. So we come to a summit in Brussels to see if we can speak to the Greek Prime Minister. Prime Minister, has Greece been using migrants to do pushbacks in Everest? Prime Minister, why won't the Greek government talk to us? Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis didn't take any questions from reporters that morning, but did come back more than 12 hours later. And we were waiting. We've been investigating allegations that Greek authorities have been using migrants to push back other migrants to Turkey in Evros. Are you aware of these allegations? Will you be looking into them?
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Kyriakos Mitsotakis
I am totally unaware of these allegations, but I would like to make a point. Greece is protecting its borders. It is. Hold on a second. Hold on a second. It is my obligation. It is my obligation to ensure that the borders of the European Union are protected. I'm going to be unapologetic about these policies. And I would like to inform you that all the members of the European Council, through their conclusions, have made it very, very clear that we will not allow a massive influx of migrants and refugees into the European Union and we will not repeat the mistakes of 2015.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
So are you saying that pushback.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
Thank you very much.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
Sorry, Prime Minister, but these allegations are very serious. Serious violence, mistreatment of people. He walked away. RADIO EVROS PLAYS as we drive through this remote region, borders and attitudes have hardened a decade on from the peak of the migration crisis. But there's more to this frontier than steel fences, a wild land with a river of secrets.
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Pete Ross
That report by Jessica Parker. Still to come in this podcast, we remember the life and art of Pearl Fryer, the son of sharecroppers who became known as the Picasso of plants.
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Pamela Gouvernale
There are topiaries that are made with juniper and holly and boxwoods and they're in these whimsical, sculptural and otherworldly shapes.
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Pete Ross
This is the Global News podcast. As we record this podcast, Israel and Lebanon's ambassadors to the US are beginning direct talks in Washington about Israel's war with the Iranian backed Lebanese group Hezbollah. Its the first face to face meeting between representatives of the two sides in decades. The US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is also attending the negotiations. But there are huge obstacles. The Lebanese government is seeking a ceasefire. Israel says it won't discuss one and Hezbollah says the talks shouldn't be happening at all. Meanwhile in Lebanon, more than 2,000 people have been killed and more than 1 million people have fled their homes, particularly in the south of the country. Israel has sent in troops there and says it intends to set up a long term buffer zone. Our Middle east correspondent Hugo Bochega spent several days with emergency services in the southern city of Nabatea.
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Hugo Boschega
Another day of war. The Lebanese are desperate for it to stop the talks in the us there may hope for a ceasefire. Here. There's no respite with emergency teams being constantly attacked. Every mission for these paramedics is risky. This is the first day of the war. You are a little bit concerned. Why? Because today, in the morning, about four drone strikes on the cars. They are striking everywhere. The war has taken the life out of Nabatiya. Suddenly they find a pickup truck still burning after being hit by an Israeli airstrike. And a body, unrecognizable, completely charred. Even these men, so used to death for a moment, are shocked. In an empty village we meet a family hunkered down. The war has forced one in Five in this country to flee their homes. But some have decided to stay.
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
I'm scared that if I leave, we won't be able to come back. And this is something that hurts me.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
A.
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Hugo Boschega
In wars, defiance can quickly turn into despair. So this is the only strike in this area, only the only outstation. Ali takes us to what is left of the Parramadic station, destroyed by an Israeli airstrike.
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Pete Ross
So I'll show you here.
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Hugo Boschega
A colleague was killed. He was here, yes. And Israel says some ambulances and some health facilities have been used by Hezbollah. This is a false claim. This is not true. They're trying to hide what they did by saying this. This is the only explanation. They've been saying this repeatedly. They don't have any evidence and you haven't seen anything. If they have any evidence, let them show us. In parts of Lebanon, the rubble of the old war had yet to be removed when this new one started. In a country that is a battleground for others, the idea of a nation is also in ruins.
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Pete Ross
Hugo Boschega Authorities in southern Italy say they've come up with an unusual way to combat brain drain, whereby educated, skilled individuals migrate away from their home in search of better opportunities elsewhere. It's a pattern seen across the globe, particularly in poorer areas. The Italian region of Calibria is trying to counter the trend by offering cash incentives to students that are considering moving away. As Carla Conti explains, brain drain in
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Jessica Parker
Italian takes the name Fuga di Cervelli, literally brains escaping an escape. They do mostly the young from regions in the country south towards the more affluent north, both Italy's own and the wider northern Europe. In Calabria, Italy's poorest region, a new scheme promises to tackle the issue by encouraging university students to stay by offering them a monthly salary, described as a merit based income. The plan would provide Calabrian residents enrolled at one of the region's three state universities with €1,000 per month. That's almost $1,200, provided they maintain high grades and have good attendance. The measure was devised by the region's governor, Roberto Ciuto, who stressed the importance of the scheme on a statement on social media.
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Pete Ross
We must continue to create ever more
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Reporter/Field Correspondent
opportunities for employment and development in our region. At the same time, we want to do everything we can to enable our young people to stay and study in Calabria. Because the exodus of young people begins at university.
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Jessica Parker
Calabria's population has dropped by 6.4% in the past decade as thousands of residents seek better opportunities in central and northern Italy as well as abroad. This is Not a uniquely Italian problem. However. Across parts of Europe, including Romania, Portugal and Greece, poorer or less developed regions have long struggled to hold on to young, highly educated people, many of whom leave for wealthier cities or countries in search of better career prospects and a higher standard of living. And like Italy, many European countries have tried various ways to counter the outflow, from financial incentives to regional investment schemes, often with mixed results. Calabria's scheme will come into force from the next academic year, but it remains to be seen whether Calabrians will be persuaded to stay.
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Pete Ross
Carla Conti. Africa's mountain gorillas have long faced serious threats from habitat loss, poaching and human encroachment. For decades, their survival has hung in the balance. But in recent years, their numbers have been slowly increasing, thanks to conservation efforts. The Bwindi Impenetrable Forest in Uganda is one of the few remaining places where the gorillas live in the wild. The BBC's Maira Anubi managed to find her way in and sent us this report.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
There's a group of about 13 of US trekking through the forest right now, which includes guides, rangers and of course, tourists as well. Now, we've been walking for probably about 20, almost 30 minutes now, so we are firmly in gorilla territory.
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Hugo Boschega
For the full one hour, the masks have remained on, covering both the mouse and the nose.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
The guides tell us that we're getting closer to the gorillas and remind us to put on our face masks to avoid spreading any infections to them. We've just seen the first gorilla. It's sat down consuming leaves and it seems to be very comfortable around us. There's obviously about eight, 10 of us with cameras trying to get the very best pictures, videos that we can of these majestic beasts. There's only just over a thousand mountain gorillas left in the world, but numbers are slowly rising. And that's why, partly due to the work of conservationists such as Dr. Gladys Kalema Zikuzoka, who's dedicated her life to saving them.
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Dr. Gladys Kalema Zikuzoka
I'd say that the mountain gorillas are so special because they're so similar to us. They're really gentle giants. At the same time, they're so vulnerable and so you just feel like you want to protect them.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
And the way she tries to protect gorillas is to make sure she looks after the people who live near the forest. Through her charity, Conservation Through Public Health, farmers like George Katemba didn't make enough money to feed their family, so would poach in the forest for meat, and that could harm the gorillas.
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Pete Ross
Sometimes we would set Traps targeting other animals.
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Frank Gardner
But we would find the gorillas had
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Hugo Boschega
been caught in them. This caused injuries and sometimes lead to their death.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
But thanks to an initiative of Dr. Gladys, he now grows coffee beans and gets paid a good price for his crop. The coffee is marketed as gorilla conservation coffee around the world. How has coffee farming changed your life?
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Frank Gardner
In the beginning, I stopped depending on
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Hugo Boschega
poaching and hunting animals. Now, as you can see, my children have clothes, I can pay school fees and I have enough food to support my family. It has truly transformed my life.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
Doctor Gladys also tries to make sure the local community is healthy. Her charity organizes health visitors like Alan, who check on people's sanitation and provide advice on good hygiene. When I visit, I look at the drying rack, the drinking water, the waste management, the animal shelter and generally the areas where the person lives. Why is it important for homes to be clean and healthy? What difference does that make for the environment? It helps to create harmony between animals and the community and prevents the spread of diseases.
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Dr. Gladys Kalema Zikuzoka
Right now what we do is we improve the health and the livelihoods of the local communities because as long as people are poor, they're going to keep entering the forest to poach and collect firewood. They're going to end up making the gorillas sick or picking up diseases from wildlife in the forest.
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Verbo Care Advertiser
Since Dr. Gladys started work over 30 years ago, the number of mountain gorillas has nearly doubled and they've been taken off the critically endangered list.
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Pete Ross
Maira Anubi in the windy, impenetrable forest the American landscape designer Pearl Fryer, who died at the age of 86, had a very distinctive name and a very distinctive skill. Topiary, the art of training, cutting and clipping shrubs and trees into distinctive shapes. He also had a distinctive life story. An African American who grew up in the segregated south and who earned the nickname the Picasso of plants. His most famous canvas was his topiary garden in South Carolina. Jamie Kumarasamy spoke to Pamela Gouvernale from the Garden Conservancy, who knew Pearl Fryer and his garden well.
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Pamela Gouvernale
It's really quite extraordinary to paint a picture. There are topiaries that are made with juniper and holly and boxwoods and they're in these whimsical, sculptural and otherworldly shapes. They're all shapes and sizes. Some are 20ft tall and the property is about 3 acres. So picture a 3 acre landscape of living sculpture in really bold and abstract forms. It's really quite extraordinary.
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Hugo Boschega
The way you describe it sounds like someone describing an artist.
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Pamela Gouvernale
He was a true, true Artist and had a real vision and was self taught. So his garden is really what's considered a vernacular garden. It's shaped by a very personal vision. He didn't have formal training and he definitely broke all the rules.
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Hugo Boschega
Tell us a bit about him and his history. He has an interesting history, doesn't he?
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Pamela Gouvernale
So he was born in 1940, and he was born to a sharecropping family and he went to college, he worked in a can factory. And he and his wife, in the 80s, I think it was, were looking for a new home. And one neighborhood that they looked at turned him away and fearing that they would not keep up their yard. So in response, he set his sights on being the first black recipient of the local garden club's Yard of the Month award. So with no training in art or horticulture, but with real instinct and true passion, he. He created something that now has a ripple effect through his neighborhood and through the community and through the region in a way that I've. That I've never seen before.
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Hugo Boschega
Just to be clear, he won that yard of the month competition.
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Pamela Gouvernale
He did, he did. I think he won it multiple times.
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Hugo Boschega
Where did the inspiration come from? Do we know?
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Pamela Gouvernale
I don't know exactly where the inspiration came from. You know, I think that he was a great observer and I think that he just, you know, was also a real experimenter. And he found plants that had been discarded by a local nursery and he took them and nurtured them and cut them and just used them to manifest his vision.
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Hugo Boschega
Part of that vision are these giant letters. Love, peace and goodwill. Eight foot tall.
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Pamela Gouvernale
Yeah. So special. That so captures his spirit. He really wanted to create a place that when people would visit, they would leave feeling better than when they arrived. And it really, you know, it's a place that has that kind of feeling.
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Pete Ross
Pamela Gavrinali and that's all from us for now. If you want to get in touch, you can email us@globalpodcastbc.co.uk. you can also find us on X@BBC World Service. Use the hashtag globalnewspod. And don't forget our sister podcast, the Global Story, which goes in depth and beyond the headlines on one big story. This edition of the Global News podcast was mixed by Rebecca Miller, and the producers were Judy Frankel and Ariane Kochi. The editor is Karen Martin. I'm Pete Ross. Until next time. Goodbye.