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Watch with a free trial now@britbox.com this is the global news podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm Alex Ritson and in the early hours of Saturday 7th March, these are our main stories. The White House says that its objectives in Iran could be achieved in four to six weeks. Israel continues to bombard Lebanon, saying it's targeting Iran's ally Hezbollah. It's ordered hundreds of thousands of people to leave their homes ahead of an anticipated ground incursion. And we take a look at the global economic impact of the war in the Middle East. Also in this podcast, armed robots take to the battlefield in the Ukraine war. And at a church in Chicago. Praise the Lord. Everybody, can we celebrate the life of Reverend Jesse Jackson? Three former US Presidents are among thousands at a memorial service for the late civil rights leader. We are now one week into the US And Israel's war with Iran. And if President Trump is to be believed, the military campaign has been an overwhelming achievement. Somebody said, how would you score it from 0 to 10? I said I'd give it a 12 to a 15. Their army is gone. They're just about. Look, their navy is gone. Their communications are gone. Their leaders are gone. Two sets of their leaders are gone. They're down to their third set. Their air force is wiped out entirely. Think of it, they have 32 ships. All 32 are at the bottom of the ocean. Other than that, they're doing very well. Coach Mr. Trump, speaking at the White House on Friday, was holding a conference on college sports in the United States. While his press secretary, Caroline Levitt, updated reporters on the war. She told them that for the US to meet its achievable objectives, this would take four to six weeks. But Ms. Levitt didn't say what these were. Throughout the week, the US And Israel proclaimed that thousands of what they claim were targets in Iran have been destroyed. Assessing the true scale of the damage to Iran's military and security apparatus is hard to assess because it's rare for foreign journalists to report freely inside the country. There's no doubt, though, that the existence of the Islamic Republic is under threat. And President Trump has now demanded Tehran's unconditional surrender. Iran's deputy Foreign Minister, Saeed Khatib Zader said, said that his country remained defiant. We have no option just to resist to the last bullet that we do have and to the last soldier that we do have. This is a very heroic, very nationalistic battle. Iran is continuing to fire missiles and drones at Gulf countries where the US has military bases. Many of these are continuing to be intercepted. In the past few hours, the Defense Ministry in Saudi Arabia said that a ballistic missile launched towards Prince Sultan Air Base was destroyed. For more on what the Trump administration has been saying, I spoke to our Washington correspondent, Simi Jolaoso. We have an idea of what the ultimate objective is of this military campaign against Iran. President Trump said on Truth Social that there will be no deal with Iran except in, quote, unconditional surrender. When asked what he means by unconditional surrender, the White House press secretary, Caroline Levitt said that when Mr. Trump determines that Iran no longer poses a threat to the United States and that the operations goals are realized, that's when Iran will essentially be in a place of surrender. When asked what these objectives could be, she did list destroying Iran's navy. She says that the US has already sunk over 30 ships. She spoke about taking out Iran's ballistic missiles and said that they've already seen a 90% reduction in ballistic missile retaliatory strikes from Iran. She spoke about Iran never obtaining a nuclear weapon and also spoke about weakening proxies in the region. A week into the war. What are Americans making of it? Well, public opinion on this war is very mixed. We've seen rallies outside the White House, one thanking President Trump for the military action against Iran and others calling for an end to the war. We saw one as recently as Thursday. There have been pro Trump rallies in Boston and Stop the war rallies in New York. A new PBS poll found that of Americans oppose military action in Iran. A CBS poll earlier this week found that 45% of Americans or respondents found that U.S. action against Iran will make the U.S. feel less safe. But one thing's been clear from the American public that they don't want another endless war in the Middle East. This is something that President Trump himself campaigned against. They don't want to see another loss, more loss of American lives. And people here don't fully understand what the imminent threat from Iran was. And I think that messaging from the Trump administration hasn't been so clear, especially now that Ayatollah Khamenei is dead. The big question is how long will this military campaign last? Briefly, Mr. Trump's been talking to leading US arms manufacturers. Yes, he has. The White House met defense industry executives to discuss weapons production. He said that they've agreed to quadruple the production of exquisite class weaponry and says that America has an unlimited supply of medium grade munitions which is currently being used in Iran and was used in Venezuela. Simi Jola Oso in Washington. Explosions have been heard in Tehran overnight after Israel said that it had launched a broad scale wave of strikes on Iranian targets. As I mentioned earlier, getting access inside Iran is difficult. But journalists at BBC Persian have been working tirelessly to find out how people there are coping. They've made contact with Iranians whose messages have been spoken by actors. As you're about to hear in this report from our chief international correspondent, Lee Stucette. Tonight, in the last light of dusk, the dark rises in Tehran. The massive explosions which multiply as this war enters its second week by day, more disbelief. Towers of smoke blot the sky. A new phase in the conflict. That's how the countries firing these missiles, Israel and America have described this moment. All of Iran is in their sights. In the southern city of Shiraz, buildings were flattened. Emergency teams including the Red Crescent Society responded in the dead of night. In the north, their own headquarters in the city of Mahabad was reduced to rubble. The clearing and cleanup have started. Israeli and American bombers now control the skies. They say they've already destroyed 60% of Iran's missiles, sank 24 ships. But their strikes are also smashing into everyday lives. Some residents of Tehran sent us messages through the BBC's Persian service. The house was shaking for five minutes straight. Last night was the worst night. No, I'm not okay. I barely slept last night because of the constant explosions. It was terrible. They were heating so hard that all the windows were shaking. I woke up at around 4am from the noise, I could hear the flight jets. Early in the morning after Friday prayers, The government's supporters brave the bombs in a show of defiance. President Trump is calling for their leader's unconditional surrender. They're telling him our fight goes on. Lys Doucet the war dead aren't only in Iran, more than 1300 people, according to the Red Crescent there, but also in Lebanon, where Israel is fighting on a second front against the Iranian backed group Hezboll. The Lebanese Health Ministry said that more than 200 people have been killed in Israeli airstrikes this week. While the Norwegian Refugee Council has estimated that 300,000 people have fled their homes in some suburbs of south Beirut, a Hezbollah stronghold, Israel issued evacuation notices. Wira Davis sent this report. We've now come down to Beirut's famous Konish. The waterfront along the corniche are several families who've been displaced have decided to camp here, including this family of 12 people. They've got a couple of tents, a couple of chairs. It was very dangerous. 12 of us came in small cars that can't even fit eight people. We arrived at dawn while we were fasting, we came in our pajamas. We slept on the ground here. The head of the family is a man called Adel and he told me why they're sleeping here on the streets. There's no room in the schools or the shelters for them. They say every shelter we go to tells us there are no spots left, no space. They tell us to wait until new places open up or try another city, but there's no safety anywhere. Israel hasn't left any space, safe. What sort of welcome have you had here? Many people here in Beirut, they blame the resistance, they blame Hezbollah for what is happening now. Everyone is blaming Hezbollah, but no one was blaming Israel when they broke the ceasefire. For a year and a half, the world is blaming the victim and not the killer. It's clear even here as we're speaking to some of these internally displaced people, there are tensions in Lebanon. A man has just come up and is debating, disputing what Adel is saying, blaming Israel for everything he says. And it shows just some of the tensions that still remain in Lebanese society. There are dozens of families, people of all ages who've been evacuated from Dahia, from southern Beirut. What you find is that the older people are still loyal to Hezbollah. They blame the Israelis, they blame the Americans for everything. But younger people, including one 14 year old girl we've been speaking to, is perhaps more pragmatic. I'm Dunyasavallah, I'm 14 and I'm from Hadas. Lebanon is honestly such A beautiful place. So it's really sad to see this happening. When did you leave Dahiya and what has it been like trying to find somewhere to get shelter and food? Well, we left dahi 3pm like right when they sounded alarm. They don't sound the alarms. They send us notifications to evacuate the area immediately. So where did you sleep? We didn't sleep. We couldn't sleep out of fear. We were just seeing the news just to check on our homes. And who do you and your family blame for all of this? Some people are blaming the resistance, some people are blaming Israel. We think that Hezbollah, it's way too early for another war. Since last year we've had a war. I think it's way too early for Lebanon right now to have like another war and we're not ready enough. So I feel like them acting on Israel is kind of their problem as well. Well, we've just had a, another big airstrike right in front of us. It's right in the heart of southern Beirut. The entire area of course is now under an Israeli evacuation order. There have been air strikes throughout the day and throughout the night. Thousands of people have already left. And with bombing in the south and in the Eastern Decca Valley, it's impossible to describe anywhere in Lebanon really as completely safe. Wera Davis in Lebanon the conflict in the Middle east is also causing economic pain around the world. Stock markets have been volatile and oil prices are up 30% since the war began. With the benchmark Brent crude hitting a two year high. Qatar has warned it could double from the pre war price and bring down the global economy. Motorists in the US are already paying higher prices at the pump and businesses everywhere face higher energy costs. Our economics editor Faisal Islam has this assessment. The economic dimension of this conflict is threatening to hit countries in new ways. Qatar's Energy Minister Saad Al Kabi has warned that all energy exporters in the Gulf will have to cease exports in days in line with what his country has done as the world's biggest gas exporter. The oil price shot up after he predicted it could go up a further 75% to $150 a barrel. Something which he said would bring down the economies of the world. Talking here, it seems about the impact on gdp. In his interview with the Financial Times, the minister said even if the war stopped now, it could take Qatar weeks to months to get back to normal production. Only one or two ships are risking transit through the key global artery of the Straits of Hormuz, just a few miles from the Iranian coastline. Other refined products such as jet fuels significantly supplied from Gulf processing sites are seeing a near doubling of prices and question marks about supply. James Noel Bezick from the market intelligence firm Sparta Commodities said it could be bad news for airlines. I think we're weeks away from maybe flight cancellations or delays due to lack of jet fuel rather than months. Jet just logistically is very hard to store in large amounts, so we'll be getting very, very close to emergency points really. Stock markets continued their fall, though most concern was centered on markets for government borrowing. Expectations are now for fewer or no further interest rate cuts, even rises in some places as central banks prime themselves to fight off a wave of inflationary pressures. While this is not a full blown energy crisis just yet, the markets are saying the chances are increasing by the day. Faisal Islam still to come in this podcast, Donald Trump says Cuba will fall pretty soon and is ready for a new leader. And if you ask anyone what Alzheimer's is, the most likely answer you'll get is that Alzheimer's is a brain disease. A new study into Alzheimer's disease suggests that inflammation in parts of the body could trigger the condition many years before signs appear in the brain. Work moves fast, from emails and reports to proposals and updates. You're expected to think clearly, write confidently, and get it right the first time. And every message counts. That's where Grammarly comes in. It gives you everything you need to think, write and finish in one place or anywhere you type and text. You'll never have to switch tools or tabs. Grammarly's AI agents are built for how you work and where you work so you can find the right words, adjust your tone and predict how your message might land before you hit send. Your ideas will get a boost while still sounding natural, credible and just the way you want. For nearly 17 years, Grammarly has been the standard for responsible AI. It's the premier writing tool that 93% of users trust to get more work done in a world of generic AI. 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Each episode covers the latest research in behavioral science and dives into themes like the power of self control, shaping your mindset for success, navigating new beginnings, and why starting over can feel so hard. Listen to Choiceologywab.com podcast or wherever you listen. If you're a maintenance supervisor at a manufacturing facility and your machinery isn't working right, Grainger knows you need to understand what's wrong as soon as possible. So when a conveyor motor falters, Grainger offers diagnostic tools like calibration kits and multimeters to help you identify and fix the problem. With Grainger, you can be confident you have everything you need to keep your facility running smoothly. Call 1-800-GRAINGER clickgranger.com or just stop by Granger for the ones who get it done. This is the Global News Podcast In Ukraine, advances in technology mean that autonomous fighting machines are playing an increasingly important role in the war with Russia. After drones in the air and at sea, more and more ground based combat robots are being deployed. Vitaly Shevchenko reports. Uncrewed ground vehicles, or UGVs, have already been used in attacks, defensive operations, and even in taking prisoners. They have been equipped with machine guns and grenade launchers, and they've been used to plant and clear land mines and barbed wire. Kamikaze UGVs blow up enemy positions. Both Ukrainians and Russians are using such killer machines. Here's Oleksandr Afonasiyev from the Ukrainian Army's K2 Brigade. Robot wars are already happening. A UGV can open fire on a battlefield where an infantryman would be afraid to turn up, but it's happy to risk its existence. There have been reports of armed Ukrainian UGVs ambushing a Russian personnel carrier and defending a Ukrainian position for weeks. In most battles, however, such killer robots are remote controlled rather than fully autonomous. Here's the deputy commander of the Ukrainian 33rd Brigade's tank battalion. He goes by the call sign Avraham. Modern UGVs are part autonomous. They can move on their own. They can observe and detect the enemy. But still, the decision to open fire is made by a human, their operator. As things stand at the moment, fully autonomous fighting systems aren't standard. Why not? Because of ethics and international humanitarian law. Robots can misidentify or attack a civilian. That's why the final decision must be made by an operator. Russia has also been developing combat UGVs. According to media reports, they can be equipped with a flamethrower, a heavy machine gun normally found on tanks, and they can run autonomously for five hours. Yuriy Poritsky, the CEO of Ukrainian UGV manufacturer devdroid, says that it's a matter of time before Ukrainian and Russian killer robots clash. Sooner or later, we'll end up in a situation where our strike UGV will come up against their strike UGV on the battlefield. Robot wars may sound like science fiction, but there is nothing sci fi about the battlefield. It's our reality. Right now. Most uncrewed ground vehicles are used for delivering supplies and evacuating the wounded. But experts say that before too long, AI powered swarms of robots will be able to attack from the air, ground and sea. Vitaly Shevchenko it was back in January that US troops forcibly removed the Venezuelan leader Nicolas Maduro from power. This week, President Trump has suggested that Cuba might be next on his administration's agenda, saying it was just a question of time before there would be a change of leadership on the island. There have even been suggestions from within the White House that U.S. secretary of State Marco Rubio, whose parents were born in Cuba, could be put in charge of the island. The comments come as residents there a near breaking point as a worsening fuel shortage, in part due to the ongoing US full blockade, disrupts daily life. President Miguel Diaz Canal says the measure is putting a heavy toll on the Caribbean nation, compounding existing economic hardships. This man describes the impact the fuel shortage is having on life in the capital Havana. Every day is the same. The same hunger, the same misery, the same everything. Practically everyone is cooking with firewood. I have a daughter. At six in the morning, they cut off the electricity. I can't make her a proper breakfast because the bread has to be toasted. I have children. The guy over there has children. If he doesn't have enough to feed his child, he'll Rob me. The BBC's Will Grant was in the country recently. He considers how likely Donald Trump's prediction is. They say that they are in they being the Trump administration, in conversations with the upper echelons of the Cuban government. That can only really mean Raul Castro. He, even at 94, is the only one who makes the decision on something like talking to the Americans. But it won't be him. It's rumored to be his grandson, Raul Rodriguez Castro, known as El Cangrejo on the island. He's never been someone who's particularly been considered an important political figure or with any negotiating tactics, but he seems to be the trusted person for Raul Castro. They have already made small steps towards trying to get ready for some kind of change, I think, which is that they are beginning to allow the importing of fuel by private businesses for the use of their businesses. But it's just a tiny fraction of what's needed. I went twice to Cuba, each time for a week since the turn of this year, and about a month in between them. It's significantly worse on the second time than the first. And that, I think, will be ultimately the thing that forces the government's hands will grant. For more than a century, it has been thought that Alzheimer's disease originates in the brain. But a new study suggests the condition may first be triggered by inflammation in other parts of the body, such as the skin, lungs or gut. Perhaps decades before a person's memory starts to decline, it could lead to new ways of preventing and treating the condition. Richard Hamilton has the details. Alzheimer's disease was first identified back in 1906 by the German psychiatrist Dr. Alois Alzheimer. Since then, it's been assumed to be a brain disease. But this new research is turning that assumption on its head. A team from the Novo Nordisk foundation in Denmark studied genetic data from more than 85,000 people with the condition. They also examined a thousand genes with variants that are thought to increase the risk of getting the disease. To their surprise, these seem to show up far less in the brain than in other parts of the body, such as the skin, lungs and the gut. It's always been considered to be exclusively of the brain. So if you ask anyone what Alzheimer's is, the most likely answer you'll get is that Alzheimer's is a brain disease. The research was led by Cesar Cunha. What we have found is that despite the pathology of Alzheimer's disease being in the brain, it does not mean that the reason for that pathology being in the brain actually comes from within the central nervous system or within the brain. The genetic risk of Alzheimer's is actually acting in different parts of the body, because there's a lot of evidence coming up that peripheral biology and peripheral factors are actually driving a lot of brain biology and brain mechanisms that could lead down the line to Alzheimer's disease. Cesar Cunha's team found that most of these gene variants occurred between the ages of 55 and 60, suggesting that inflammation at this age range is most likely to lead to Alzheimer's later on in life. And because it was always thought that the disease was caused by a build up of proteins in the brain, drugs were developed to try to clear these proteins, but they have had limited success. Donna Wilcock from Indiana University is the editor of the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association. I think it opens up some new potential therapeutic avenues for us in Alzheimer's disease. And because a big challenge for us treating Alzheimer's disease is being able to get those drugs into the brain. But I think this points to we might not need those drugs to get into the brain if we can influence in some way the peripheral immune state. And so I think this might open up new avenues where we don't have to be so considerate about the need for our experimental drugs to have good brain penetration. Currently, there are several trials of vaccines to fight the disease. For example, a recent study in California found that adults who received a vaccine for shingles were about 50% less likely to develop Alzheimer's. And apart from vaccines, there are other interventions which lower inflammation and protect against the disease, including a Mediterranean diet, reducing alcohol intake, exercising, and avoiding smoking. Richard Hamilton it was billed as the People's Celebration, and on Friday, thousands turned out in Chicago to attend a memorial service for the American civil rights campaigner Jesse Jackson. He died last month aged 84. Former presidents, governors, mayors, and the rich and famous rubbed shoulders with the public to honor the reverend's life and legacy. Wendy Urquhart reports. Can we celebrate the life of Reverend Jesse Jackson? I need everybody around the world, those of you that's here. Pool bearers carried Reverend Jesse Jackson's casket into the House of of Hope on the far south side of Chicago. A huge floral cross of white roses and several other sprays of flowers were placed around it. Reverend Jackson's son Yusuf paid a special tribute. After he passed, I asked each of my children, Sky, Yusuf, Cassius, Atticus, Matthias, what was their last conversation with their grandfather? I asked, what did he say to you? Each of them, separately and individually, thought for a moment and told me, dad, granddad told me he loved me. And those are the last words I remember him ever saying to me as well. Three of America's former presidents spoke at the ceremony. Bill Clinton, Joe Biden, and Barack Obama. It's an honor to join you today to celebrate the Reverend Jesse Lewis Jackson. Jesse didn't just speak to black folks. He spoke to white folks and Latinos and Asian Americans and the first Americans. He spoke to family, farmers, and environmentalists. He spoke to gay rights activists when nobody was talking to gay rights activists activists and blue collar workers. And he gave them the same message that they mattered, that their voices and their votes counted. He paved the road for so many others to follow. Reverend Al Sharpton shared a fond memory of the first time he met Reverend Jackson. I liked Reverend Jackson because he was a little hipper than the older preachers. He was 27. I was 13 by the time I became youth director. So he was like a father figure to me. When I got about 40, he said, quit calling me father. Call me Big Brother. There was music throughout the ceremony, including a rousing version of Change Gonna Come by the American singer Jennifer Hudson. It's been alone. A long time coming, Wendy Urquhart and that's all from us for now. If you want to get in touch, you can email us@globalpodcastbc.co.uk you can also find us on X@BBC World Service. Use the hashtag globalnewspod. And don't forget our sister podcast the Global Story, which goes in depth and beyond the headlines on one big Story. This edition of the Global News Podcast was mixed by Lewis Griffin. The producer was Muzaffar Shah. Here the editor is Karen Martin. I'm Alex Ritson. Until next time. Goodbye. Abercrombie's Active Brand. Your personal best is built for every part of your workout routine. The YPB Neo knit hoodies and sweatpants are soft, breathable and moisture wicking your perfect warm up layers. And for leg day or any lifting day, pair YPB Motion Tech shorts with their Active tees and tanks. Level up your workout routine with all new Active by Abercrombie Shop YPB in the app online and in stores.