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Emotions 2.0: When I Feel What You Feel

Hidden Brain

Published: Mon Oct 21 2024

This week, we kick off our new series, Emotions 2.0, with a special double episode about the emotions we experience with other people. We often think that emotions like happiness or sadness live inside our individual minds. But if you've ever gone to a music concert in a big stadium or attended a political rally with like-minded voters, you know that emotions can move through crowds in powerful ways. We begin with psychologist Amit Goldenberg, who studies how emotions spread and ratchet up in intensity as more people experience them. Then, we bring you a favorite 2022 conversation with anthropologist Dimitris Xygalatas, who takes us inside the world of fire walking to explore the emotional power of rituals.

Summary

Hidden Brain Podcast: Emotions 2.0 – When I Feel What You Feel
Hosted by Shankar Vedantam | Release Date: October 21, 2024

Episode Overview

In the captivating episode titled "Emotions 2.0: When I Feel What You Feel," Hidden Brain delves deep into the phenomenon of shared emotions and their profound impact on individuals and societies. Through insightful interviews with experts Amit Goldenberg, a psychologist at Harvard Business School, and Dimitri Zigalatas, an anthropologist at the University of Connecticut, the episode explores how collective emotions shape our behaviors, relationships, and cultural practices.

Interview with Amit Goldenberg: Understanding Collective Emotions

Amit Goldenberg introduces his profound interest in how emotions operate not just within individuals but across groups. Drawing from his personal experiences and extensive research, he unpacks the mechanics of shared emotions and their societal implications.

1. Early Experiences and Collective Effervescence

Goldenberg shares a poignant memory from his childhood during the Jewish holiday of Yom Kippur:

  • Quote: "Yom Kippur was a really special day for us... it was one of the first times I acknowledged how strong collective experiences could be." ([06:24])

He connects this to Emile Durkheim's concept of collective effervescence, describing the heightened emotional state individuals experience when part of a passionate group.

2. Activism and Shared Rage in Jerusalem

Reflecting on his activism in Israel, Goldenberg recounts participating in protests against government policies:

  • Quote: "Feeling negative emotions together, even if they're unpleasant individually, feels good collectively." ([11:25])

He emphasizes that shared anger and frustration not only bond participants but also sustain long-term collective movements.

3. The Stock Market Flash Crash and Emotional Realizations

Goldenberg narrates his experience during the Flash Crash of May 6, 2010, highlighting how sudden financial turmoil tied his personal emotions to the collective panic:

  • Quote: "I realized the power of financial panic and how I didn't want my emotions tied to the stock market." ([14:25])

This pivotal moment steered him towards researching emotional contagion and its broader effects.

4. Emotional Contagion and the Facebook Experiment

Exploring the concept of emotional contagion, Goldenberg discusses how emotions spread within social networks:

  • Quote: "Emotion contagion involves the tendency of people to adopt the emotions of their social surroundings." ([23:15])

He references Facebook's 2012 experiment, where altering the emotional content in users' feeds influenced their own emotional expressions:

  • Quote: "Users exposed to positive content generated more positive posts, and vice versa for negative content." ([25:07])

5. Group Processes and Emotion Amplification

Goldenberg explains how group dynamics can magnify individual emotions through attention biases and synchronization:

  • Quote: "Our eyes gravitate to the person who seems the most expressive, almost like a gravitational field." ([30:06])

He introduces the concept of acrophily—the attraction to more extreme emotional expressions—which fosters polarization and increased emotional intensity within groups.

6. Leadership and Rituals in Emotion Regulation

Discussing the role of leaders and rituals, Goldenberg illustrates how influential figures can modulate collective emotions:

  • Quote: "Leaders like Steve Ballmer instill passion that becomes contagious within their organizations." ([48:12])

He also highlights rituals as tools for regulating group emotions, providing structure and predictability that help manage collective anxiety and grief.

Interview with Dimitri Zigalatas: The Psychology of Rituals

Dimitri Zigalatas explores the intricate world of rituals, unraveling their significance in human societies despite their often seemingly illogical or taxing nature.

1. The Ritual Paradox

Zigalatas introduces the ritual paradox, where rituals are deeply meaningful to participants yet often inexplicable to outsiders:

  • Quote: "From the outside, rituals seem pointless, yet participants cherish them as vital." ([66:37])

This paradox highlights the intrinsic human need for rituals beyond their immediate practical benefits.

2. Firewalking Rituals: A Case Study

Sharing his firsthand experience, Zigalatas recounts participating in a firewalking ceremony in San Pedro Manrique, Spain:

  • Quote: "Walking on fire felt like being part of a unified group, transcending individual identities." ([59:56])

He describes the intense emotional and physiological synchronization among participants, emphasizing how such rituals foster a profound sense of community.

3. Ritual Characteristics: Repetition, Rigidity, and Redundancy

Zigalatas outlines three core attributes of rituals:

  • Repetition: Consistent and repeated actions reinforce the ritual's significance.

  • Rigidity: Strict adherence to specific procedures maintains the ritual's integrity.

  • Redundancy: Excessive actions beyond functional necessity imbue rituals with symbolic meaning.

  • Quote: "Rituals must be performed in a specific way; altering them can cause moral outrage." ([95:43])

4. Rituals as Coping Mechanisms

He elaborates on how rituals serve as "mental technologies" to mitigate modern life's anxieties and uncertainties:

  • Quote: "Rituals provide structure and predictability, giving the brain a sense of control." ([78:53])

Zigalatas references studies showing that engaging in rituals can significantly reduce anxiety and improve performance in stressful situations.

5. Rituals and Social Cohesion

Exploring rituals' role in fostering social bonds, Zigalatas discusses how synchronous actions and shared experiences enhance group cohesion:

  • Quote: "When we move in synchrony, our endorphin levels elevate, increasing trust and cooperation." ([99:04])

He also warns about the potential dangers of rituals when removed from their cultural contexts, as seen in hazardous initiation rites in modern settings.

Conclusion: The Power and Purpose of Shared Emotions and Rituals

This episode of Hidden Brain masterfully intertwines personal anecdotes with scholarly insights to illustrate the profound influence of collective emotions and rituals on human behavior and societal structures. Through the expertise of Amit Goldenberg and Dimitri Zigalatas, listeners gain a nuanced understanding of how emotions shared within groups can amplify actions, foster unity, and shape cultural practices, while also posing risks when misaligned with contemporary contexts.

By examining both the benefits and potential pitfalls of collective emotional experiences and rituals, the episode encourages listeners to reflect on their roles within various social groups and the underlying psychological mechanisms that drive our shared human experiences.

Notable Quotes:

  • "Yom Kippur was a really special day for us... it was one of the first times I acknowledged how strong collective experiences could be." — Amit Goldenberg ([06:24])
  • "Feeling negative emotions together, even if they're unpleasant individually, feels good collectively." — Amit Goldenberg ([11:25])
  • "Rituals must be performed in a specific way; altering them can cause moral outrage." — Dimitri Zigalatas ([95:43])
  • "When we move in synchrony, our endorphin levels elevate, increasing trust and cooperation." — Dimitri Zigalatas ([99:04])

Hidden Brain continues to rank as the #1 science podcast in the United States, providing listeners with thought-provoking explorations into the intricacies of the human mind and behavior.

No transcript available.