In Episode 488 of Hidden Forces, Demetri Kofinas speaks with political scientist Jonathan Kirshner about the origins of the Peloponnesian War, the enduring misreading of Thucydides, and what the arc of the Athenian empire on the eve of the Sicilian expedition reveals about the trajectory of American power in the twenty-first century.

The first half traces the war's origins alongside Kirshner's central argument: that one of Thucydides' most frequently quoted passages has been enlisted to justify a worldview directly at odds with the lesson he meant to impart—that great powers are undone less by their rivals than by their own restlessness and hubris, and that prudence, not the gratuitous use of force, is the true mark of a durable empire. America's two long wars, the global financial crisis, and its latest campaign against Iran emerge as expressions, each in their own way, of an imperial hyperpower operating without constraint and with little consideration for the national interest.

The second half turns to the hollowing out of American domestic institutions and the growth of the unitary executive, the fate of the alliance networks and international institutions that have underwritten American imperial influence since the Second World War, and the sobering possibility that the forces shaping the trajectory of American empire reside less in any single administration than in the society that has produced it.

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Producer & Host: Demetri Kofinas Editor & Engineer: Stylianos Nicolaou

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Episode Recorded on 07/08/2026