History Daily: The Battle of Lugdunum
Podcast Information:
- Title: History Daily
- Host/Author: Airship | Noiser | Wondery
- Description: On History Daily, host Lindsay Graham delves into significant historical events that occurred "on this day." From tragedies to triumphs, each episode uncovers the true stories that shaped our world.
Episode: The Battle of Lugdunum
Release Date: February 19, 2025
Introduction: The Fall of Emperor Pertinax
Timestamp: [00:00]
The episode opens on March 28th, 193 CE, within the grand Imperial Palace of Rome. Emperor Pertinax, a 67-year-old ruler, faces imminent danger as his attempts to curtail the power of the Praetorian Guard have led to multiple assassination attempts. In a tense exchange with his senior official, Allectus, Pertinax reflects on his precarious position:
"What they are doing is not the behavior of civilized men." – Emperor Pertinax [00:45]
Despite his efforts to appeal to the guards' sense of duty, the Praetorians breach the chamber, leading to Pertinax's brutal assassination. His short reign of 87 days comes to a violent end, plunging Rome into instability and setting the stage for the tumultuous Year of the Five Emperors.
The Rise and Fall of Didius Julianus
Timestamp: [05:11]
Following Pertinax's death, the Praetorian Guard orchestrates the elevation of Senator Didius Julianus to the throne through a lavish monetary offer. However, Julianus's ascent is met with widespread disdain from both the populace and the Senate, who view his rule as a blatant act of buying power rather than legitimate leadership. This discontent paves the way for alternative contenders to emerge:
"Many Roman citizens don't like that he bought his way to the throne and demonstrate against him in the streets." – Narrator [06:15]
As frustration mounts, three primary candidates vie for the imperial position:
- Gaius Persinius Niger – Governor of Syria.
- Claudius Albinus – Commander with 30,000 troops in Britain.
- Septimius Severus – Governor from a modest province with substantial military support.
Septimius Severus: Politician and Warrior
Timestamp: [11:39]
Septimius Severus emerges as a formidable contender, leveraging his military prowess and political acumen. Aligning himself with the legacy of the revered Emperor Marcus Aurelius, Severus positions his claim as one rooted in honor and vengeance for Pertinax's murder. To neutralize his rivals, Severus strategically allies with Claudius Albinus, ensuring a temporary truce that allows him to focus on other threats.
"Severus is a canny politician as well as a military leader." – Narrator [12:20]
With his rivals either subdued or outmaneuvered, Severus marches towards Rome, overcoming resistance from Emperor Julianus. By June 1st, 193 CE, the Senate condemns Julianus to death, solidifying Severus's uncontested rise to power. He swiftly eliminates the faction responsible for Pertinax's assassination, exiling or executing disloyal Praetorians to prevent future usurpations.
The Climactic Battle of Lugdunum
Timestamp: [17:54]
Fast forward to February 19, 197 CE, the Battle of Lugdunum stands as a pivotal encounter in Roman history. Septimius Severus faces his last significant rival, Claudius Albinus, in Gaul. Despite initial confidence, Severus encounters a cunning trap set by Albinus's forces, leading to intense and bloody combat under relentless stormy conditions.
"Thunder rumbles over the clash of swords while lightning flashes among the clouds above." – Narrator [18:30]
Undeterred by the chaos, Severus rallies his troops, and with reinforcements led by General Julius Lytus, he overwhelms Albinus's forces. The defeat leads to Albinus's suicide, and Severus returns to Rome with his rival's severed head, a grim symbol of his absolute authority.
"Severus will never tolerate challenges to his authority." – Narrator [20:15]
Following his victory, Severus undertakes ruthless measures to eliminate any remaining threats, including the execution of former allies and loyalists of his rivals. This consolidation solidifies his rule but also marks the beginning of an 18-year reign characterized by both strength and tyranny.
Conclusion: The episode deftly navigates the chaotic period following Emperor Pertinax's assassination, illustrating how political maneuvering and military might culminated in the decisive Battle of Lugdunum. Through detailed storytelling and expert analysis, History Daily showcases the complexities of power struggles in ancient Rome, bringing to life the events that defined an era.
This summary captures the essential discussions and narratives from the episode "The Battle of Lugdunum," providing a comprehensive overview for listeners and history enthusiasts alike.