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- [00:00]
Lindsey Graham
There are more ways than ever to listen to History Daily ad free. Listen with Wondry plus in the Wondery app as a member of Noiser plus at noiser.com or in Apple Podcasts. Or you can get all of History Daily plus other fantastic history podcasts@intohristory.com It's June 1935, in the small village of Courbet, Ontario. From the upstairs window of his modest farmhouse, 31 year old Oliva Dion has a bird's eye view of the crowd gathering across the street. They're hovering around the gates of a new building opposite Oliva's farmhouse, the Defoe Hospital and Nursery. Oliva shakes his head, a complex swirl of emotions running through him. A year ago, Courbet was just a sleepy French Canadian village, its inhabitants struggling through the Great Depression just like everyone else. Today, though, it's a lively tourist attraction known to the world as Quintland. Thousands of people flock to the hospital each day, hoping to catch a glimpse of the miracle babies of Courbet, the five identical quintuplets born to Oliva and his wife, Elzear. The gates of the hospital swing open, allowing a wave of admirers onto the property. This happens twice a day, and a few yards in, the crowd reaches a second fence that encircles the facility. This is as closed as most of them will get, and there's jostling among the tourists as they fight for the best view of the show that's about to begin. From his window, Oliva watches the doors to the hospital open. The crowd behind the fence grows quiet in anticipation as a nurse walks out onto the veranda holding up a one year old baby girl. Her name is Yvonne, and with some encouragement from the nurse, she shoots her admirers a smile and waves. Oliva flings open the window and leans out, hoping to catch his daughter's eye. But before he can even attempt to meet her gaze, the nurse turns sharply and carries Yvonne back to the nursery. As soon as she disappears inside, though, an identical baby is brought out. This is another of Oliva's children, Annette. Oliva waves, desperate for the little girl to look in his direction, but she too doesn't see him. Neither do his other girls, Cecile, Emily and Marie, who are all paraded along the veranda in quick succession, watching. Crowd coos and cheers. But Oliva doesn't. Unlike the tourists, he sees the Defoe hospital not as a place of miracles and wonder, but a prison that keeps him and his children apart. When the Dion quintuplets were born, the world was captivated by their very existence. As the first set of quintuplets known to survive infancy, they were hailed as real life miracles. But it wasn't long before these miracles were exploited for financial gain, first by their parents and then by the Canadian government. The abuse would continue for years, and the damage it did would linger long after the miraculous birth of the five girls on May 28, 1934. History Daily is sponsored by Express Pros. Managing your workforce can be exhausting, and if you're tired of a costly and lengthy hiring process, simplify and speed up your recruitment. With one connection, the experts at Express Employment Professionals reduce time to hire, cut down on interviews and lower your recruitment costs. Visit ExpressPros.com today. Express is more efficient than hiring on your own. Check out ExpressPros.com to see how Express Employment professionals can take care of your hiring.
- [03:42]
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- [04:19]
Lindsey Graham
From Noiser and Airship I'm Lindsey Graham and this is History Daily. History is made every day on this podcast. Every day we tell the true stories of the people and events that shaped our world. Today is May 28, 1934 the birth of the Miracle Quintuplets. It's early on, May 28, 1934, in the rural village of Courbet, Ontario. It's still dark when Dr. Alan Dafoe rushes out the door of his red brick house with his coat and medical bag in hand and jumps into his car. It's four in the morning and Alan has just been informed that one of his patients, Elzear Dion, has gone into labor two months prematurely. Alan's not surprised by the news. He checked on Elzear just a couple of weeks ago and noted that she was suffering symptoms of what we now know as preeclampsia, which is typically characterized by high blood pressure and fluid retention. It often leads to death. Given the severity of the situation, Alan gave Elzear strict orders to rest in bed. But as a mother of five young children already, that's not easy for 25 year old Elzear to do. Alan parks his car and bounds into the Dion family farmhouse. In the bedroom at the very back of the house, two midwives hover over Elzir. Sweat beads down her face as she struggles to catch her breath. Just minutes earlier, she gave birth to two baby girls. But Allen has no time to check on them. Before the doctor can even properly wash his hands, Alzire gives birth to a third baby girl. This one, though, doesn't seem to be breathing, and the midwives take swift action. They blow deep breaths into her tiny mouth, forcing air into her lungs. A few tense moments pass, but then finally, the baby takes a breath and cries out. As the midwives wrap the newest arrival in ripped up sheets, Ellen notices Elzear writhe in pain. He can't believe his eyes. The young mother is not done giving birth, but Alzear is losing strength by the minute. Her pulse is weak and she can't push anymore. So Allan intervenes. He presses his hands against Alzire's swollen belly and helps push out a fourth baby. Two minutes later, he does the same for a fifth and final baby girl. Incredibly, Elzear Dion has just given birth to quintuplets. The last two infants are still in their amniotic sacs, their little arms and legs floating eerily in translucent fluid. The sight momentarily transfixes Alan before he ruptures the sacs and then goes to work to get the girl's breathing. Combined, the five babies weigh less than 14 pounds and their torsos are so small that they can fit in the palm of Alan's hand. He puts on a brave face, but he can't help feeling pessimistic. He's never heard of quintuplets surviving for long and doubts any of the girls will last the week. But that doesn't stop news of the Dion quints spreading across the globe. Quintuplets occur roughly once in every 57 million births, so the newborns are viewed as miracles, especially especially now in the throes of the Great Depression when everyone's desperate for some good news. Soon, generous benefactors and newspaper owners are sending gifts to the Dion family, some of them in exchange for exclusive rights to photographs of the babies. Life saving incubators for the tiny girls arrive, and every day the train brings a fresh batch of breast milk donated by other nursing mothers eager to help. The girl's father, 30 year old Oliva, is overwhelmed by it all. While he always wanted a big family, he never anticipated having this many babies at once. He, of course, wants his miracle quince to survive, but he can't Help worrying how he will feed and care for them all if they do. The meager salary Oliva makes as a gravel hauler barely makes a dent in the family's mounting bills. And it's not just food and clothes his new daughters need. It's round the clock medical care. Oliva needs to make money and and fast. Lucky for him, a lucrative opportunity is about to fall into his lap. Three days after the birth of the quints, Oliva is approached by a man named Ivan Speer. Ivan wants to display the Dionne quintuplets at the Chicago's World Fair. And in exchange, he's promising to cover all the girls medical expenses and provide Oliva with a weekly stipend, as well as a percentage of the ticket sales. It's an incredible offer. More money than Oliva could ever imagine. But as he considers the contract, he hesitates. Oliva doesn't like the idea of his little girls in a glass cage being gawked at by curious spectators. Sensing Oliva's reluctance, Ivan assures him that the girls will be provided with every luxury. He even promises that Oliva's wife Elzear will have the final say in all matters concerning the girl's well being. Finally convinced, Oliva signs the contract. Within a day, the agreement leaks to the press. But instead of stoking excitement about the public debut of the miracle quince, the stories written make Oliva look like a money hungry opportunist. He and Alzire try to defend their decision, but the damage is already done. Before long, it will seem like everyone in the world thinks that the Dians are unfit parents. And calls will grow for the Canadian government to step in and take charge of the future care of the miracle babies of Courbet. History Daily is sponsored by Indeed. Are you a business owner? I am. I run a podcast production company. What's my number one expense? My people. But what's my number one competitive advantage? My people. And that makes any new hire my number one most critical business decision. It probably is for you too. So remember this, when it comes to hiring, Indeed Indeed is all you need. Stop struggling to get your job post seen on other job sites. Indeed's Sponsored jobs help you stand out and hire fast. With Sponsored Jobs, your post jumps to the top of the page for your relevant candidates so you can reach the people you want faster. And you get all of this with no monthly subscriptions or long term contracts. There's no need to wait any longer. Speed up your hiring right now. With Indeed. History Daily, listeners can get a $75 sponsored job credit to get your jobs more visibility@ Indeed.com OnThisDay just go to Indeed.com Indonesia on this day right now to support the show and get hiring Indeed.com onthis day. Terms and conditions apply. Hiring Indeed is all you need.
- [10:58]
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- [11:54]
Lindsey Graham
24, 1935, in Courbet, Ontario, almost a year after the birth of the Dionne quintuplets. The girl's mother, Elzire Dion, leads her cousins who are visiting from Montreal, through the gates of the newly built Defoe Hospital and Nursery. She spots her daughters Yvonne, Annette, Cecile, Emily and Marie, napping in their carriages on the porch, and she's excited to introduce her little miracles to the family. But as Elzear approaches the building, a nurse appears and orders her to stay back. Visiting hours are over. Alzear and her family protest, pleading for just a quick look at the girls. But the nurse stands her ground, insisting that rules are rules. Alzire and her guests will just have to return the next day during regular visiting time. Two months ago, Canada passed the Quintuplet Guardianship Act. It made the Dion girls wards of the state until they reached the age of 18. The doctor who delivered them, Alan Dafoe, was appointed as one of their guardians, and under his supervision, the girls were removed from the family home and relocated across the street to the newly erected Defoe Hospital and Nursery. Now Alzire and her husband, Oliva, have to adhere to strict protocols to even see their children. They must ring a bell at the hospital gate and be escorted in by guard. Once inside, they are never left alone with the quintuplets and are only allowed limited physical contact. All of these rules make Alzear feel more and more disconnected from her daughters, and she starts to question her role in their lives. Over time, the anguish of Witnessing others care for her children becomes unbearable when the girls turn one. Alzire does not participate in their birthday parties. But little Yvonne, Annette, Cecile, Emily and Marie don't notice her absence. They're too young to know any different. The staff at the Defoe Hospital and nursery are their primary caregivers now and they treat the girls like princesses. They're dressed in the finest clothes, have plenty of toys to play with and get all the professional medical care that money can buy. But this royal treatment will come at a cost. And in the summer of the next year, 1936, the now two year old Dionne quintuplets are outside in the hospital's playground romping around in a wading pool. But they aren't alone. Their playground is surrounded by one way glass. The infants can't see them. But on the other side of the glass is a specially built observatory where hundreds of people are watching them play. The quintuplets have become a tourist attraction complete with hot dog stands and gift shops, thanks chiefly to the government of Ontario. Each day, weather and health permitting, the children may be seen without charges of any kind. And an ingenious system has been devised whereby the visitors are not seen by the quintuplets. Twice a day crowds push their way inside the observatory to witness these real life miracles. They watch the girls riding their tricycles or playing in the sand pit. They're completely ordinary feats for young children. Yet the spectators can't help but be amazed. The world is still scarred by the Great Depression and seems to find some solace in the existence of the quintuplets. And over the next few years, the girls popularity only skyrockets, leading to lucrative endorsement deals from companies like Quaker Oats and Cairo Corn Syrup. They receive visits from Hollywood celebrities like Bette Davis, Greta Garbo and Clark Gable. They are even received by real British royalty during King George II 6th and Queen Elizabeth's trip to Toronto. The girl's father, Oliva, is incensed. The Canadian government has essentially done what they accused Oliva and Alzire of doing, exploiting the children for monetary gain. Admission to the observatory may be free, but the quints are still bringing in millions to the province of Ontario. Oliva has his own souvenir shop trying to grab a slice of the pie. But it's Dr. Alan, definitely UFO, who's the one benefiting most from endorsement deals. By the summer of 1939, the girls are five years old and Oliva has had enough. He threatens to take Alan to court for the money he's made from his daughters. Perhaps fearing public backlash, Allen resigns his position as the girl's guardian and advocates for the Dion family to be reunited. And in January 1940, Oliva and Alzire Dion will finally regain legal custody of their daughters. Plans will be set in motion to build a home large enough for the entire Dion family to live in. But this will be no happy homecoming, because Yvonne, Annette, Cecile, Emily and Marie will be rejoining a family they never knew.
- [16:37]
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- [16:58]
Lindsey Graham
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- [17:02]
Lindsey Graham
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- [17:06]
Lindsey Graham
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- [17:08]
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- [17:44]
Lindsey Graham
November 17, 1943 in Courbet, Ontario, almost four years after Oliva and Elzir Dion regained custody of their daughters, 9 year olds Yvonne, Annette, Cecile, Emily and Marie Dion sit uncomfortably at a large dinner table beside their mother and father and their seven other siblings. Earlier today, the girls made the 100 yard journey from the Defoe Hospital and Nursery to what the girls will come to know as the Big House. It's a monstrous Georgian style mega mansion with 19 rooms and nine bathrooms, all constructed for their homecoming. But the girls are unsettled, overwhelmed by the size of the house and unsure how to navigate the people inside. Before they start their meal, they listen as their father, Oliva, tells them that they should no longer think of themselves as a set of quints. In fact, they are no different from their siblings sitting beside them at the table. And as such, the girls will be expected to do chores like everyone else. And if they disobey, they will face consequences like everyone else. It's a lot for the sisters to digest. Everything about life with their real family is new to them and proves harder than they expected. Their mother, Elzear, reprimands the Queen Quince for every little infraction. But unfortunately, that's soon the least of the girl's worries. When they become teenagers, Oliva starts sexually assaulting his daughters. The girls seek help from their priest and the nuns at their Catholic school, but no one takes action to stop the abuse. So as Yvonne, Annette, Cecile, Emily and Marie navigate their adolescent years, they grapple with overwhelming feelings of anxiety, shame and guilt. They dream of escaping from the big house, which they do as soon as they turn 18. For the most part, the quints then go on to live fairly unremarkable lives, at least when compared to their unusual beginnings. Decades later, though, in 1998, one of Cecile's sons launches a campaign to ensure his mother and aunts are compensated for their exploitation as children. The government turned a tidy profit from the girls, and when the world rediscovers their story, there's plenty of support for their cause. With public scrutiny over the case mounting, the premier of Ontario agrees to pay the quintuplets a total of $4 million in compensation. It's a win that comes too late for two of the sisters, though. Emily died at the age of 20 from a seizure, and her sister Marie was just 35 when she suffered a fatal blood clot in the brain. The childhood of all all five girls was cruel and exploitative. But with time, there comes healing and perspective. In August of 2018, the two surviving quintuplets, Cecile and Annette, returned to the place where they were born to be honored by the Canadian government. On the old family farmhouse is now a plaque commemorating the historical significance of the Dion sisters lives as the first recorded quintuplets to ever survive infancy after their birth on May 28, 1934. Next on History Daily. May 29, 1945. A Dutch artist is arrested for illegally selling a priceless Vermeer to the Nazis. And his only hope of avoiding execution is to convince prosecutors it's a forgery he painted himself from Noiser and airship. This is History Daily. Hosted, edited and executive produced by me, Lindsey Graham Audio editing by Mohammed Shazib Sound design by Matthew Filler Music by Thrum this episode is written and researched by Jane O. Edited by Joel Callan Managing producer Emily Burke Executive producers are William Simpson for Airship and Pascal Hughes for Noiser.
- [21:41]
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- [22:04]
Lindsey Graham
You give yourself your own nickname and you try to, like, get other people to do it.
- [22:08]
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And the 2019 movie adaptation of Cats.
- [22:11]
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- [22:14]
Lindsey Graham
Ground, there's something wrong with the movie.
- [22:17]
T-Mobile Advertiser
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