The Philadelphia MOVE Bombing

Summary

The Philadelphia MOVE Bombing: A Comprehensive Summary of History Daily Podcast Episode

Introduction

In this gripping episode of History Daily, host Lindsey Graham delves into the harrowing events surrounding the Philadelphia MOVE bombing—a tragic and pivotal moment in the city's history. Released on May 13, 2025, the episode meticulously explores the origins, escalation, and aftermath of this devastating incident, offering listeners a profound understanding of its lasting impact on Philadelphia and its residents.

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Background of MOVE

The story begins on May 13, 1985, in a townhouse in West Philadelphia, where tensions between the Philadelphia Police Department and MOVE, a radical Black liberation and back-to-nature group, reach a boiling point. MOVE, known for its confrontational stance and extreme anti-technology views, had been at odds with city authorities for years, leading to escalating conflicts.

A Day of Crisis

At exactly [00:12], the episode sets the scene:

"It's late afternoon on May 13, 1985, in a townhouse in West Philadelphia. Thirteen-year-old Birdie Africa huddles next to his mother on the floor of a dark, cramped basement."

In the basement are eleven other people, including five young children, all sheltering from tear gas used by the police above. Despite hours of standoff, the families refuse to surrender, leading to a desperate attempt by the police to force them out.

Escalation to Violence

As the situation intensifies, Birdie Africa describes the chaotic environment:

"The entire house seems to shake, showering dust on the people sheltering in the basement. Then an explosion rocks the house above." ([01:12])

The explosion signals the beginning of a catastrophic fire, engulfing the house and leaving only two survivors. By the time the flames are extinguished, the lives of Bertie's mother, five other adults, and five children have been lost. Additionally, 61 houses in the neighborhood are destroyed, and hundreds are left homeless ([01:55]).

Historical Context and Prior Conflicts

To fully grasp the gravity of the 1985 bombing, the episode provides historical context, tracing back to previous confrontations between MOVE and the Philadelphia police. Eight years earlier, in 1977, MOVE had already been the focus of a violent standoff. Paul Washington, an Episcopal priest and a leading figure in the Black Power movement, attempted to mediate between MOVE and the authorities.

"Paul is desperate to prevent bloodshed," ([04:31]) Lindsey Graham explains, highlighting Washington's efforts to negotiate peace.

Despite his attempts, the situation deteriorated, resulting in the deaths of a police officer and several MOVE members. The judicial outcomes were starkly unequal: while nine MOVE members were sentenced to 30-100 years in prison, the police officers involved were acquitted, exacerbating tensions between MOVE and city authorities ([07:54] - [08:43]).

The 1985 Bombing: Decision and Execution

Years of unresolved tensions culminated in the 1985 bombing. Mayor Wilson Goode, Philadelphia's first Black mayor, faced immense pressure to resolve the ongoing standoff without repeating the tragedies of the past. However, the city's approach took a drastic turn.

At [12:29], Lindsey Graham narrates the critical moment:

"The police commissioner suggests an even more aggressive plan, gaining entry to the building through the use of explosives."

Despite initial resistance, Mayor Goode approves the use of explosives, hoping to end the siege swiftly. A helicopter drops bombs onto a makeshift wooden bunker on the roof of the MOVE house, igniting fuel tanks and unleashing a fierce fire. Tragically, this decision leads to the deaths of 11 MOVE members, including five children, and the destruction of nearly four city blocks ([12:58] - [13:44]).

Aftermath and Accountability

The bombing sparked widespread outrage and criticism of the Philadelphia authorities. An investigation revealed gross negligence and inexcusable actions by the police. Mayor Goode personally apologized and accepted responsibility, yet no criminal charges were filed against the officials involved. Only Ramona Africa, the sole surviving adult MOVE member, faced legal consequences, being convicted of inciting a riot and serving seven years in prison ([14:04] - [14:25]).

In 1996, a civil lawsuit resulted in the city being ordered to pay $1.5 million to Ramona and the families of other MOVE members. However, the community continued to grapple with the trauma and loss, struggling to rebuild the devastated neighborhood ([14:25] - [14:50]).

Legacy and Continued Struggles

Decades later, the wounds from the MOVE bombing remained fresh. In 2021, Mike Africa Jr., son of two MOVE members killed in the bombing, spearheaded a protest at the University of Pennsylvania’s Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology. It was revealed that the museum had retained the remains of two MOVE children, Katricia and Zanetta Dotson, instead of returning them to their families. This discovery reignited anger and demands for justice, culminating in the proper burial of the remains in 2022 ([17:19] - [19:43]).

"Their bodies were hidden away and never properly buried, making it impossible for Mike and others like him to trust the people in power," ([19:15]) Lindsey Graham emphasizes the ongoing mistrust and sense of injustice felt by the community.

Conclusion

The Philadelphia MOVE bombing stands as a stark reminder of the consequences of unchecked power and the tragic loss that can result from failed negotiations and excessive force. Lindsey Graham's detailed recounting in History Daily not only highlights the events of that fateful day but also underscores the enduring struggle for justice and reconciliation in Philadelphia.

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Notable Quotes

• "Paul is desperate to prevent bloodshed." ([04:31]) – Referring to Paul Washington's mediation efforts.

• "A fierce fire breaks out, but rather than contain it, the police commissioner orders firefighters to let the house burn." ([13:10]) – Describing the catastrophic decision.

• "Their bodies were hidden away and never properly buried, making it impossible for Mike and others like him to trust the people in power." ([19:15]) – Highlighting the lasting impact on the community.

Final Thoughts

This episode of History Daily provides a thorough and empathetic exploration of the Philadelphia MOVE bombing, shedding light on the complexities of race relations, police authority, and community resilience. By weaving personal stories with historical facts, Lindsey Graham ensures that listeners gain a comprehensive understanding of this pivotal event and its enduring legacy.

Transcript

[Lindsey Graham]

There are more ways than ever to listen to History Daily ad free. Listen with Wondry plus in the Wondery app as a member of Noiser plus at noiser.com or in Apple Podcasts. Or you can get all of History.

[Unknown Speaker]

Daily plus other fantastic history [e-mail] it's late afternoon on May 13, 1985, in a townhouse in West Philadelphia. Thirteen year old birdie Africa huddles next.

[Lindsey Graham]

To his mother on the floor of.

[Unknown Speaker]

A dark, cramped basement. There are 11 other people beside them, including five young children. Birdie's mother presses a wet blanket against his face, trying to ward off the.

[Lindsey Graham]

Tear gas that's seeping into the basement.

[Unknown Speaker]

From the house above. It's hours into a standoff between Philadelphia police and and Move a radical black liberation back to nature group which Bertie's mother belongs to. And after months of growing tension, hundreds of cops surrounded the townhouse this morning.

[Lindsey Graham]

And ordered move to surrender.

[Unknown Speaker]

But the families inside refused to go anywhere and now the police are trying.

[Lindsey Graham]

To force them out.

[Unknown Speaker]

Birdie listens anxiously as a helicopter flies low overhead. The entire house seems to shake, showering dust on the people sheltering the basement. Then an explosion rocks the house above. People cry out and Bertie clings tighter to his mother. But still no one thinks of escape or surrender. But within moments, more smoke begins creeping down the steps into the basement. But it's not tear gas this time.

[Lindsey Graham]

The house is on fire.

[Unknown Speaker]

Birdie Africa will be one of only two survivors to make it out of this basement alive. By the time the fire is extinguished.

[Lindsey Graham]

By Bertie's mother, five other adults and five children will be dead.

[Unknown Speaker]

61 houses in the neighborhood will have been destroyed and hundreds of people will.

[Lindsey Graham]

Have been left homeless.

[Unknown Speaker]

Bertie will be badly burned, but the disaster will also leave a lasting scar.

[Lindsey Graham]

On the city of Philadelphia itself, which even today still grapples with the consequences of the fatal decision to drop a.

[Unknown Speaker]

Bomb on the move house on May 13, 1985.

[Lindsey Graham]

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[Unknown Speaker]

From Noiser and Airship I'm Lindsey Graham and this is history.

[Lindsey Graham]

Daily.

[Unknown Speaker]

History is made every day on this podcast. Every day we tell the true stories of the people and events that shaped our world. Today is May 13, 1985 the Philadelphia.

[Lindsey Graham]

Move Bombing it's May 20, 1977 in.

[Unknown Speaker]

The neighborhood of Powhatan Village in Philadelphia. Eight years before the bombing of the Move House, 55 year old Paul Washington.

[Lindsey Graham]

Slows his car as he nears a.

[Unknown Speaker]

Large crowd that's gathered on the sidewalk. Beyond them, Paul can see lights flashing on countless police cars and a thick line of uniformed officers blocking the street.

[Lindsey Graham]

Paul is an Episcopal priest and has been a leading member of the Black.

[Unknown Speaker]

Power movement for more than a decade. Through his work, he's come to know another black liberation group in Philadelphia. Like Paul, they also campaign for an end to racism. But move's confrontational tactics and its extreme.

[Lindsey Graham]

Anti science and anti technology views set them apart. Paul worries that their cult like values do more harm than good. Still, he always tries to help out during their frequent run ins with authorities. So tonight, when he heard that move's.

[Unknown Speaker]

Headquarters was surrounded by police, he rushed over immediately. Neighbors have reported seeing members of MOVE marching around their front porch in military.

[Lindsey Graham]

Style uniforms carrying weapons. Hundreds of cops have responded and now.

[Unknown Speaker]

The MOVE house is completely surrounded. It's a tense situation. Philadelphia police have a reputation for violence with the city's black residents, and though Paul may not agree with everything MOVE.

[Lindsey Graham]

Stands for, he's desperate to prevent bloodshed.

[Unknown Speaker]

So climbing out of his car. He weaves his way through the crowd until he reaches the police line. After talking to the officers in charge, he's allowed to approach the house to.

[Lindsey Graham]

Speak to one of the MOVE members.

[Unknown Speaker]

He explains to the man that the police want MOVE to surrender their weapons.

[Lindsey Graham]

But the man tells Paul that one.

[Unknown Speaker]

Of the MOVE members was recently arrested and they want proof that he hasn't been brutalized. If the police bring him to the house and show that he's unharmed, MOVE will lay down their guns. Paul passes this request along to the police. It's highly irregular, but the officers reluctantly.

[Lindsey Graham]

Agree if it means an end to the standoff.

[Unknown Speaker]

So Paul rushes back to the MOVE.

[Lindsey Graham]

House to share the good news.

[Unknown Speaker]

But when they hear the police have.

[Lindsey Graham]

Relented, the MOVE leaders change their demands.

[Unknown Speaker]

They tell Paul that they don't just want to see their comrade, they want him released from custody. Paul can't believe it. He didn't expect the police to even.

[Lindsey Graham]

Consider move's initial request. And he knows for sure they won't agree to this. Sure enough, the police refuse, telling Paul.

[Unknown Speaker]

Not to waste any more of his time on behalf of move. But Paul doesn't want to give up just yet. He keeps negotiating back and forth, and the police eventually agree to reduce the.

[Lindsey Graham]

Number of officers on the scene by half.

[Unknown Speaker]

It's progress, but it's far from a resolution.

[Lindsey Graham]

And in the end, with neither side.

[Unknown Speaker]

Willing to make any more compromises, Paul.

[Lindsey Graham]

Decides it's time to step back.

[Unknown Speaker]

So the stalemate drags on. The city announces plans to evict MOVE.

[Lindsey Graham]

From their home, but the MOVE members refuse to leave.

[Unknown Speaker]

In an attempt to force them out, the police erect a blockade around the.

[Lindsey Graham]

House, which turns into a months long siege.

[Unknown Speaker]

Paul and others in the community may be exasperated by move's behavior, but they also won't stand by and watch them be starved out of their home. So they start smuggling food past the blockade and organize a huge protest march. Eventually, the police run out of patience though, and on August 8, 1978, they launch a raid on the MOVE house. Using a cherry picker to knock down a wall, they blast the house with.

[Lindsey Graham]

Water cannons and tear gas. In the chaos, there's an exchange of gunfire.

[Unknown Speaker]

A police officer is killed, and a.

[Lindsey Graham]

Member of MOVE is badly beaten by.

[Unknown Speaker]

The police as he tries to escape. When it's all finally over, nine MOVE members are put on trial for the police officer's murder. They claim he was hit by friendly fire. But ultimately they're found guilty and sentenced to between 30 and 100 years in prison, each around the same time. There is also a trial for the officers who savagely beat the fleeing movement member. But just as the jury is about to return their verdict, the judge issues a directed order of acquittal, telling the jury to find the officers not guilty. The contrast between the two verdicts adds to the tension brewing between MOVE and city authorities. Members of MOVE have been beaten, jailed, evicted and their house destroyed. But they don't abandon their cause, and soon move's leaders will find a new.

[Lindsey Graham]

Home for the organization.

[Unknown Speaker]

But it won't be long before it out turns two becomes a scene of another standoff with police. And this one will be even deadlier than the last.

[Lindsey Graham]

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It's July 4, 1984, in Philadelphia, six years after the police evicted move from their previous home. Wilson Good, Philadelphia's first black mayor, listens as a group of disgruntled residents complain about the problems caused by their neighbors. The radical Black liberation group MOVE. Following the violent confrontation with police in 1978, MOVE found a new home in a mostly middle class black neighborhood in West Philadelphia. But the group has not made a good impression with its new neighbors. The property is covered with piles of trash, its windows are boarded up, and the group broadcasts profanity laced messages to passersby through loudspeakers.

[Lindsey Graham]

So as he hears the litany of.

[Unknown Speaker]

Complaints, Mayor Goode just nods in agreement.

[Lindsey Graham]

He wouldn't want his family dealing with.

[Unknown Speaker]

These kinds of issues either. So he promises to send sanitation to deal with the trash piling up. But there's little else he can do. MOVE may not be good neighbors, but.

[Lindsey Graham]

Technically they are not breaking any laws.

[Unknown Speaker]

This is frustrating for the neighborhood, and as time goes on, move's neighbors only become more disgruntled.

[Lindsey Graham]

Eventually, Mayor Goode convenes other city leaders.

[Unknown Speaker]

Including the district attorney, attorney and police commissioner, to come up with a solution.

[Lindsey Graham]

He is determined to avoid a repeat.

[Unknown Speaker]

Of the 1978 showdown that resulted in the death of police officer, and the commissioner reassures him that he has a plan that will avoid any bloodshed.

[Lindsey Graham]

There are several arrest warrants out for MOVE members, and the hope is to use these as leverage to force a resolution.

[Unknown Speaker]

Mayor Good gives the police Commissioner's plan the green light. And on May 12, 1985, Philadelphia police.

[Lindsey Graham]

Evacuate the neighborhood surrounding Move's home.

[Unknown Speaker]

The city then turns off the gas supply to the MOVE house and shuts.

[Lindsey Graham]

Off electricity for the entire block.

[Unknown Speaker]

The following morning, hundreds of police take up positions surrounding the house. At 5.35am, the police commissioner orders the MOVE members to surrender. Makes a long speech that begins, Attention, move. This is America. You have to abide by the laws of the United States. But the people inside still refuse to come out.

[Lindsey Graham]

And any hope for a peaceful resolution disintegrates fast.

[Unknown Speaker]

First, the police use high pressure hoses.

[Lindsey Graham]

And tear gas on the house.

[Unknown Speaker]

But in response, shots ring out from.

[Lindsey Graham]

Inside and a 90 minute gunfight breaks.

[Unknown Speaker]

Out with the police. So with tear gas, water cannon and.

[Lindsey Graham]

A firefight all failing to force MOVE.

[Unknown Speaker]

Out, the police commissioner suggests an even.

[Lindsey Graham]

More aggressive plan, gaining entry to the.

[Unknown Speaker]

Building through the use of explosives. Worried that the situation is spiraling out of control, Mayor Goode approves the action. So later that afternoon, a helicopter is.

[Lindsey Graham]

Sent over to the MOVE house.

[Unknown Speaker]

A police officer leans out and drops two small bombs onto a makeshift wooden bunker that's been built on the roof. The small bombs flatten the bunker, but.

[Lindsey Graham]

They also ignite fuel tanks for the.

[Unknown Speaker]

House'S gasoline powered generator. A fierce fire breaks out, but rather than contain it, the police commissioner orders firefighters to let the house burn. He hopes the flames will finally dislodge the MOVE members. But the decision is catastrophic. As their home collapses around them, 11 members of MOVE are killed.

[Lindsey Graham]

Among them five children.

[Unknown Speaker]

And the damage isn't limited to just one house. The fire grows into a blaze that destroys almost four city blocks. Dozens of homes are destroyed, and hundreds of people are left homeless.

[Lindsey Graham]

In the wake of this deadly fire.

[Unknown Speaker]

There is widespread criticism of the Philadelphia authorities, and Mayor Good orders a commission to examine the decisions leading up to the catastrophe. This investigation finds that the bombing was grossly negligent and unconscionable. Mayor Good personally apologizes and takes full responsibility, but he doesn't resign, and no.

[Lindsey Graham]

Criminal charges are filed against any of the officials involved in the operation.

[Unknown Speaker]

And the only person to face any any jail time following the bombing is Ramona Africa, the sole surviving adult member of MOVE. In April 1986, she is convicted on charges of inciting a riot and goes on to spend seven years behind bars. But Ramona's prison time doesn't dull her.

[Lindsey Graham]

Fierce belief that an injustice was done back in 1985.

[Unknown Speaker]

Upon her release, she returns to court in a civil suit to fight for compensation. And in 1996, a jury orders Philadelphia to pay $1.5 million to Ramona and relatives of other MOVE members. But even after paying compensation, the city struggles to turn the page on the controversy.

[Lindsey Graham]

The rebuilding of the burned down neighborhood.

[Unknown Speaker]

Will turn into another failure, with many residents unable to ever return. And then, decades later, a shameful discovery at a local university will reopen the wounds left by the MOVE bombing. Once again.

[Lindsey Graham]

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It's April 29, 2021 in Philadelphia, more.

[Lindsey Graham]

Than 35 years after city police bombed.

[Unknown Speaker]

The move house, Mike Africa Jr. Steps forward to address a crowd that's gathered.

[Lindsey Graham]

Outside the University of Pennsylvania's Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.

[Unknown Speaker]

Mike is the son of two MOVE.

[Lindsey Graham]

Members who were incarcerated for the murder.

[Unknown Speaker]

Of a police officer back in 1978. He was born while his mother was in prison and he has inherited both.

[Lindsey Graham]

His parents determination to fight for social justice.

[Unknown Speaker]

Today, Mike is especially angry. It's just been revealed that the University.

[Lindsey Graham]

Museum is in possession of the remains.

[Unknown Speaker]

Of two of the children who died in the MOVE bombing. 14 year old Katricia and 12 year old Zanetta Dotson, also known as Tree and Delicia Africa were killed in the.

[Lindsey Graham]

Inferno unleashed by the Philadelphia police.

[Unknown Speaker]

Their bodies were originally given to the.

[Lindsey Graham]

Museum to assist with verification after the.

[Unknown Speaker]

Bombing, but rather than return the burned remains to family members, the bones were kept in a cardboard box for years and used for study and research. So today on the steps in the museum, Mike grips a microphone tightly, his body filled with rage, but he takes a big calming breath before speaking. Mike talks about the horror and anger he feels, realizing that members of the MOVE family still have not received a proper burial. Decades have passed since the tragic day Katricia and Zanetta died, but events like.

[Lindsey Graham]

This, that their bodies were hidden away.

[Unknown Speaker]

And never properly buried, make it impossible for Mike and others like him to trust the people in power. After this protest, an investigation is launched into how the remains ended up at the museum. There are recriminations, apologies, and the Philadelphia City health Commissioner resigns. And finally, in 2022, the remains of Katrisha and and Zanetta are returned to their surviving brother. He has them cremated and gives them a proper burial. But there is still no sense of closure for the people of Philadelphia.

[Lindsey Graham]

For many, the misuse of human remains.

[Unknown Speaker]

By the museum demonstrates a casual disregard for black bodies and lives that feels.

[Lindsey Graham]

All too common even decades after Philadelphia's.

[Unknown Speaker]

Leaders decided to bomb their own residents on May 13, 1985. Next on History Daily May 14, 1643 a four year old boy becomes King of France, beginning the longest reign of.

[Lindsey Graham]

Any monarch in history.

[Unknown Speaker]

From Noiser and Airship, this is History Daily Hosted, edited and executive produced by me, Lindsey Graham Audio editing by Mohammed Shazi Sound design by Gabriel Vuhl Supervising Sound Designer Matthew Filler Music by Thrum. This episode is written and researched by Reuben Abrams Brosbie Edited by William Simpson Managing Producer Emily Byrd Executive producers are William Simpson for Airship and Pascal Hughes for Nouser.

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