I’m departing the Allen Institute for AI (Ai2), where I got the great privilege to work on the Olmo models, to grow, to learn, and to have broad lasting impacts. This post is an attempt to reflect on why what we did was influential, despite obviously being far from the frontier in performance (even when within size buckets), and how this reflects on various paths to impact in AI today.

To start, I shared the following note with the company yesterday:

Dear Ai2.

As many of you know, today is my last day working at Ai2.

I joined Ai2 largely as an accident. I met Luca at ICML 2023 in Hawaii and realized I could level up my open post-training work dramatically if I got the chance to join. When I got an offer it was an absolute no-brainer, it was such a welcoming and exciting environment.

It has been a wonderful ride that has transformed my life, and I couldn’t be prouder of the work we did together. Ai2 has a wonderful scientific culture at its core and I’m excited to see this continue. I feel very lucky to have been here and that I personally have benefited massively from everyone who has worked so hard to cultivate that culture and environment. It is and has been a team effort. This includes all the people whose longest interactions with me were brief chats at the coffee machine. I drew so much energy and excitement from all the different ways people at Ai2 showed up for the mission.

I’ve already thanked much of the OE team directly, but I wanted to thank everyone else that went into this. Legal, IT, Comms, and the Office team all do a great job enabling and leveling up our research work. It’s often work that is forgotten, outside of the lime light, or remembered at the last minute, but it all has been crucial to achieving our goals. I’m excited to keep visiting the wonderful Northlake space in the coming years.

Even though I’m leaving, I’m more excited than ever about Ai2’s mission. Ai2 operates in such a rare niche between academia and industry, where we can explore and influence the most important technology of our lifetime. Doing this openly is the best way to ensure the technology diffuses safely to everyone who may benefit. Ai2 needs to stay as ambitious as possible, trying to influence the cutting edge of AI and the biggest issues of the field. Do not shy away from these challenges – AI needs independent voices as it only becomes more geopolitical, socially disruptive, and central to the economy.

I will still be working in this space, working to make the open ecosystem better coordinated and more useful.

So as I go off to try something new, don’t be strangers. I’ll always be reachable at nathan@natolambert.com and will still live in Seattle for most of the year.

Nathan

I have loved and will still love Ai2. Ai2 has a deep culture of caring about the research process, the outputs that get shared, and most importantly the people who do the work. This is why the institution creates countless wonderful people that go and spread the gospel throughout the research community. This core culture will remain through the rebuild, and there are plenty of resources to do impactful research across the spectrum of AI.

In the last two years of my time at Ai2 I’ve done so much meaningful work. Of course Olmo is at the top and has been my priority, but making time for consistent practice here on Interconnects, weekend cram sessions for ATOM, and also the fun RLHF book make for a list that makes me wonder how I did it all. I was obviously obsessed with work, but not in a way that made me lose sleep or lose my overall wellness. It was the right long-term approach.

This impressive list is one where I was ruthless in saying no to things that didn’t matter and got all my work out to see the light of day. I had no medium-sized projects that didn’t succeed in the last few years. It makes me wonder if I wasn’t taking enough risk. It shows you can truly do so much with your time, and it’s actually harder to find the right problems and environment to do it. Many people are in environments where their work never becomes public or they’re forced to change topics consistently.

From zero to hero

To start, I’d like to do a short recap on my path to Ai2 to show what Ai2 was just as much a growth story for me as an execution story.

I studied electrical engineering in undergrad, focusing on linear systems math and microelectronics.

I was admitted to the UC Berkeley EECS Ph.D. program to study microelectromechanical systems (MEMS).

I showed up at Berkeley in August of 2017 and realized AI was obviously the thing I should be doing. I asked the likes of Sergey Levine or Pieter Abbeel if they could advise me – they said no.

I threw all my energy into learning what I could about AI. I got a break to get advised by one of Sergey’s post-docs in 2018 or 2019. I went all in on that, I fought for funding, I fought to have an AI paper.

This process worked out by the end of my Ph.D. in 2022: I had access to the Berkeley AI Research (BAIR) building and collaborations in the department. It was a bumpy road.

I wanted to go to industry research, to get a nice paying job with intellectual freedom, something like FAIR or Google Brain at the time. HuggingFace was the only job that fit that bill, it was easy to say yes to.

I joined HuggingFace in May of 2022 and wasted my time at the company until ChatGPT was released. I used my RL background to write a blog post on RLHF which went viral. HuggingFace decided it would be good for me to form a team around this success.

In 2023 I learned NLP and about language models. I had a lot of fun and built an initial community. I got burned out by working remote with a huge time difference. I met Luca Soldaini at ICML in Hawaii, where I was giving a tutorial on RLHF, and they told me Ai2 was hiring.

I got the job at Ai2 largely because of my excitement and how I was saying I wanted to do a lot of stuff that sounded cool to them but no one was likely to do (RL related things). My interviews were far from a sure thing – this is a great job to land!

I started at Ai2 in October of 2023. I worked remotely for a while. I was doing normal research, I made the first reward model evaluation, RewardBench. It was a solid success, but nothing like how the pretraining team was getting ready to release the first Olmo.

I helped coach Ai2 on how to release models well, helping the Tülu 2 project land (the first model to do DPO well, publicly at the 70B scale).

The first Olmo was released in early 2024, I squeaked onto the papers just by trying to be helpful and doing some basic post-training. I was already good at paying attention to which projects are actually important.

That summer I started rounding everyone up to do a “big frontier post-training project.” This became Tülu 3, one of my favorite projects ever released, in fall of 2024. The goal was to beat Llama 3’s post-training with their own base model. The team morale was incredibly high and the execution was so timely, allowing us to coin the term Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) in the paper.

The crazy lengths I went to get the Tülu 3 and Olmo 2 post-training done had me sending 40% more slack messages than anyone at the company and got me the award “The Cat Herder.”

2025 was a much simpler year. We were too slow to react to reasoning models, given we had been doing similar stuff with Tülu 3, but sometimes that happens.

Originally we wanted to release Olmo 3 by June or July of 2025. That obviously didn’t happen, but we got the slim chance to train a bigger model, and it really landed. We threaded the needle.

Since Olmo 3 was released, it was clear that some changes were coming and I personally never got a big post-training project off the ground after that. Many other people managed great work in the spring of 2026.

This all leaves me here today showing you that only about half of my story at Ai2 is what I was known widely for, and the rest was building momentum. It often takes a year of building relationships and direction before really big successes can happen in a career.

I was just about a nobody when I joined Ai2 and I got to join a team that was willing to learn from the skills I had brought from HuggingFace. With how media works, I often think I get more recognition than I deserve for Ai2’s success.

The likes of Tülu 3, Olmo 2, and Olmo 3 felt like generational team efforts. The amount of personal successes and breakthroughs that happened for those projects is immense – and to sustain them over such a long time period is incredibly hard to replicate. The sum far exceeded the individual parts.

I’ve heard many times in the last few months how people wouldn’t know about Ai2 if it wasn’t for my writing. Statements like this are overblown, but they are partially true and reiterate how crucial building relationships and getting the word out is today.

When you write a plan that is feasible, the world bends towards that plan. When you convince people it’s going to happen it only becomes more likely. Vision and compelling explanations are one of the items in shortest supply in the tech industry. Often building the thing is easy and explaining it is hard. If no one knows about your work, the value is often close to 0. So much of building reputation is about building relationships with people who will receive your work.

Reflecting on all of this, I’ve had a shockingly linear path through my career to incremental success. I would expect the first 10 years of most careers to be in sear...