Two theoretical physicists helped design landmark surveys of 1,600+ scientists on the deepest unsolved questions in physics — and found almost no consensus at all.

From string theory's shockingly low support to physicists admitting their models run on "belief," this episode exposes the faith hiding inside science.

Adam Frank (University of Rochester astrophysicist and astrobiologist) and Niayesh Afshordi (Perimeter Institute / University of Waterloo cosmologist, co-author of the APS Physics Magazine "Big Mysteries" survey) join Brian to unpack what physicists actually believe versus what they can prove.

We cover:

- Why string theory pulled a shockingly small share of the vote against loop quantum gravity

- What a Bayesian "prior" reveals about every scientist's hidden beliefs

- Why one branch of physics quietly became unfalsifiable

- How sociology and "tastemakers" can hijack scientific consensus

- Why AI might become the field's unlikely savior.

There is no sane statistical analysis that doesn't have a prior — that's your belief.

Timestamps:

00:00 – Why scientists owe the public real answers

04:00 – Splitting time between research and outreach

07:55 – The survey that "rankled" Brian Keating

09:18 – Are physicists secretly just like Spock?

12:05 – Are we living in an anti-scientific age?

16:56 – Why most scientists refuse to go public

21:36 – Should "belief" ever appear in a survey?

23:12 – Is string theory really 21st-century physics?

26:20 – When sociology hijacks scientific consensus

28:39 – The hidden "prior" behind every experiment

33:01 – String theory's shockingly low vote count

39:03 – Four levels of belief, from data to faith

41:39 – Inside the 1,675-physicist mystery survey

46:12 – Kingmakers, tastemakers, and physics cliques

54:12 – Is advanced tech indistinguishable from magic?

59:23 – Could AI become physics' long-awaited savior?

1:01:47 – What's next for Adam and Niayesh

———

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