
Hosted by Lex Fridman · EN

Edward Gibson is a psycholinguistics professor at MIT and heads the MIT Language Lab. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Yahoo Finance: https://yahoofinance.com – Listening: https://listening.com/lex and use code LEX to get one month free – Policygenius: https://policygenius.com/lex – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/edward-gibson-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Edward’s X: https://x.com/LanguageMIT TedLab: https://tedlab.mit.edu/ Edward’s Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=4FsWE64AAAAJ TedLab’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@Tedlab-MIT PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:53) – Human language (14:59) – Generalizations in language (20:46) – Dependency grammar (30:45) – Morphology (39:20) – Evolution of languages (42:40) – Noam Chomsky (1:26:46) – Thinking and language (1:40:16) – LLMs (1:53:14) – Center embedding (2:19:42) – Learning a new language (2:23:34) – Nature vs nurture (2:30:10) – Culture and language (2:44:38) – Universal language (2:49:01) – Language translation (2:52:16) – Animal communication

Sam Altman is the CEO of OpenAI, the company behind GPT-4, ChatGPT, Sora, and many other state-of-the-art AI technologies. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Cloaked: https://cloaked.com/lex and use code LexPod to get 25% off – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/sam-altman-2-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Sam’s X: https://x.com/sama Sam’s Blog: https://blog.samaltman.com/ OpenAI’s X: https://x.com/OpenAI OpenAI’s Website: https://openai.com ChatGPT Website: https://chat.openai.com/ Sora Website: https://openai.com/sora GPT-4 Website: https://openai.com/research/gpt-4 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (07:51) – OpenAI board saga (25:17) – Ilya Sutskever (31:26) – Elon Musk lawsuit (41:18) – Sora (51:09) – GPT-4 (1:02:18) – Memory & privacy (1:09:22) – Q* (1:12:58) – GPT-5 (1:16:13) – $7 trillion of compute (1:24:22) – Google and Gemini (1:35:26) – Leap to GPT-5 (1:39:10) – AGI (1:57:44) – Aliens

Norman Finkelstein and Benny Morris are historians. Mouin Rabbani is a Middle East analyst. Steven Bonnell (aka Destiny) is a political livestreamer. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free – Babbel: https://babbel.com/lexpod and use code Lexpod to get 55% off – Policygenius: https://policygenius.com/lex – Eight Sleep: https://eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/israel-palestine-debate-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Mouin’s X: https://x.com/MouinRabbani Mouin’s Podcast: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLLkT5TSHWFSYKY_6vrNn_vZAmfunA_s9g – Benny’s Books: https://amzn.to/3Vf7NNU – Norman’s X: https://x.com/normfinkelstein Norman’s Website: https://www.normanfinkelstein.com/ Norman’s Books: https://amzn.to/3IqouxU Knowing Too Much (excerpt): https://jumpshare.com/v/8EUbbP40Do44ITDfJUoR – Destiny’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/destiny Destiny’s X: https://x.com/TheOmniLiberal Destiny’s Subreddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/Destiny/ Destiny’s Website: https://destiny.gg – Norman and Mouin provided additional links to supplement the discussion. See them here: https://sites.google.com/view/israel-palestine-debate/home PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (12:11) – 1948 (1:10:43) – Partition (2:15:16) – October 7 (3:09:27) – Gaza (3:36:02) – Peace (4:40:47) – Hope for the future

Yann LeCun is the Chief AI Scientist at Meta, professor at NYU, Turing Award winner, and one of the most influential researchers in the history of AI. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial – AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/yann-lecun-3-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Yann’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/ylecun Yann’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/yann.lecun Meta AI: https://ai.meta.com/ PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:10) – Limits of LLMs (20:47) – Bilingualism and thinking (24:39) – Video prediction (31:59) – JEPA (Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture) (35:08) – JEPA vs LLMs (44:24) – DINO and I-JEPA (45:44) – V-JEPA (51:15) – Hierarchical planning (57:33) – Autoregressive LLMs (1:12:59) – AI hallucination (1:18:23) – Reasoning in AI (1:35:55) – Reinforcement learning (1:41:02) – Woke AI (1:50:41) – Open source (1:54:19) – AI and ideology (1:56:50) – Marc Andreesen (2:04:49) – Llama 3 (2:11:13) – AGI (2:15:41) – AI doomers (2:31:31) – Joscha Bach (2:35:44) – Humanoid robots (2:44:52) – Hope for the future

Tucker Carlson is a highly-influential political commentator. You can watch and listen to him on the Tucker Carlson Network and the Tucker Carlson Podcast. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – ZipRecruiter: https://ziprecruiter.com/lex – Listening: https://listening.com/lex and use code LEX to get one month free – HiddenLayer: https://hiddenlayer.com/lex – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/tucker-carlson-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Tucker Carlson Network: https://tuckercarlson.com/ Tucker Carlson Podcast: https://tuckercarlson.com/listen/ Tucker’s X: https://twitter.com/tuckercarlson Tucker’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/@TuckerCarlson Tucker’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/tuckercarlson Tucker’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/tuckercarlsonTCN/ Vladimir Putin Interview: https://youtube.com/watch?v=fOCWBhuDdDo PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (11:58) – Putin (28:13) – Navalny (49:25) – Moscow (1:08:54) – Freedom of speech (1:15:08) – Jon Stewart (1:27:54) – Ending the War in Ukraine (1:37:21) – Nazis (1:45:48) – Putin’s health (1:56:52) – Hitler (2:06:17) – Nuclear war (2:24:36) – Trump (2:41:33) – Israel-Palestine (2:47:42) – Xi Jinping (3:01:40) – Advice for young people (3:06:58) – Hope for the future

Michael Malice is a political thinker, podcaster, author, and anarchist. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Policygenius: https://www.policygenius.com/ – MasterClass: https://masterclass.com/lexpod to get 15% off – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/michael-malice-7-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Michael’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/michaelmalice Michael’s Community: https://malice.locals.com Michael’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/MichaelMaliceofficial Michael’s Website: http://michaelmalice.com/about Your Welcome podcast: https://bit.ly/30q8oz1 Jake Michael Singer (sculptor): https://instagram.com/jakemichaelsinger Books: The White Pill: http://whitepillbook.com The Anarchist Handbook: https://amzn.to/3yUb2f0 The New Right: https://amzn.to/34gxLo3 Dear Reader: https://amzn.to/2HPPlHS PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:15) – Beauty and mantis shrimp (14:43) – Parrots, Pirates, and Monty Python (20:55) – Humor and absurdity (28:16) – Thanksgiving (56:56) – Unboxing the mystery box (1:12:54) – Karl Marx and religion (1:21:11) – Art (1:25:25) – Books (1:38:02) – How to be happy (1:40:12) – Depression (1:41:15) – Fear (1:42:42) – Betrayal

John Mearsheimer is an international relations scholar at University of Chicago. He is one of the most influential and controversial thinkers in the world on the topics of war and power. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – Notion: https://notion.com – ExpressVPN: https://expressvpn.com/lexpod to get 3 months free – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/john-mearsheimer-transcript EPISODE LINKS: John’s Website: https://mearsheimer.com John’s Books: The Tragedy of Great Power Politics: https://amzn.to/3FWrqkX How States Think: https://amzn.to/3udaWST The Great Delusion: https://amzn.to/3syXKXS Why Leaders Lie: https://amzn.to/3ucs4rU The Israel Lobby: https://amzn.to/47fxrVU Books Mentioned: Leviathan: https://amzn.to/49zCFgu The End of History and the Last Man: https://amzn.to/47wTVBf Who Are We: https://amzn.to/3QXDk44 PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (09:52) – Power (33:06) – Hitler (50:33) – Russia and Ukraine (1:46:45) – Israel and Palestine (2:47:37) – China (3:29:58) – Life and mortality

Elon Musk is CEO of X, xAI, SpaceX, Tesla, Neuralink, and The Boring Company. Thank you for listening ❤ Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – SimpliSafe: https://simplisafe.com/lex to get free security camera plus 20% off – Shopify: https://shopify.com/lex to get $1 per month trial – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/elon-musk-4-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Elon’s X: https://x.com/elonmusk xAI: https://x.com/xai Tesla: https://x.com/tesla Tesla Optimus: https://x.com/tesla_optimus Tesla AI: https://x.com/Tesla_AI SpaceX: https://x.com/spacex Neuralink: https://x.com/neuralink The Boring Company: https://x.com/boringcompany PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (10:25) – War and human nature (14:51) – Israel-Hamas war (20:59) – Military-Industrial Complex (25:16) – War in Ukraine (29:59) – China (44:15) – xAI Grok (55:13) – Aliens (1:03:13) – God (1:05:41) – Diablo 4 and video games (1:14:48) – Dystopian worlds: 1984 and Brave New World (1:20:59) – AI and useful compute per watt (1:26:40) – AI regulation (1:33:32) – Should AI be open-sourced? (1:40:54) – X algorithm (1:52:15) – 2024 presidential elections (2:05:14) – Politics (2:08:16) – Trust (2:13:47) – Tesla’s Autopilot and Optimus robot (2:22:46) – Hardships

Jared Kushner is a former Senior Advisor to President Donald Trump and author of Breaking History. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off – BetterHelp: https://betterhelp.com/lex to get 10% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/jared-kushner-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Breaking History (book): https://amzn.to/3QblTNk Jared’s Twitter: https://twitter.com/jaredkushner Jared’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/jaredckushner Books Mentioned: Prisoners of Geography: https://amzn.to/3tubxzf The Guns of August: https://amzn.to/3FbWD3c Thirteen Days in September: https://amzn.to/3Fb3EkM The Great Degeneration: https://amzn.to/4921WQv The Hundred-Year Marathon: https://amzn.to/3LRobP7 Destined for War: https://amzn.to/3rKwGEE PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. === Recorded on Mon, Oct 9 === (00:00) – Introduction (07:02) – Hamas attack on Israel (09:55) – Response to attack (16:14) – History of Hamas (18:54) – Iran (20:41) – Al-Aqsa Mosque (27:06) – Abraham Accords (36:00) – Trump vs Biden on Middle East (45:00) – Israeli-Saudi Normalization (49:12) – How the Israel-Gaza war ends (53:29) – Benjamin Netanyahu (57:06) – Palestinian support === Recorded on Thu, Oct 5 === (59:47) – Trump 2024 (1:03:15) – Human nature (1:10:13) – Geopolitics and negotiation (1:18:56) – North Korea (1:27:35) – Personalities of leaders (1:34:11) – Government bureaucracy (1:39:56) – Accusations of collusion with Russia (1:49:35) – Ivanka (1:55:30) – Father (2:04:13) – Money and power (2:12:56) – Trust and betrayal (2:21:57) – Mohammed bin Salman (2:44:16) – Israeli–Palestinian peace process (2:58:47) – Abraham Accords and Arab-Israeli normalization (3:08:53) – Donald Trump (3:13:59) – War in Ukraine (3:19:14) – Vladimir Putin (3:26:33) – China (3:44:50) – Learning process (3:51:19) – Hope for the future

Mark Zuckerberg is CEO of Meta. Please support this podcast by checking out our sponsors: – LMNT: https://drinkLMNT.com/lex to get free sample pack – InsideTracker: https://insidetracker.com/lex to get 20% off – Eight Sleep: https://www.eightsleep.com/lex to get special savings – AG1: https://drinkag1.com/lex to get 1 month supply of fish oil – NetSuite: http://netsuite.com/lex to get free product tour Transcript: https://lexfridman.com/mark-zuckerberg-3-transcript EPISODE LINKS: Mark’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/zuck Mark’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/zuck Mark’s Threads: https://threads.net/@zuck Meta AI: https://ai.meta.com/ Meta Quest: https://www.meta.com/quest/ Meta Connect 2023: https://www.metaconnect.com PODCAST INFO: Podcast website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ YouTube Full Episodes: https://youtube.com/lexfridman YouTube Clips: https://youtube.com/lexclips SUPPORT & CONNECT: – Check out the sponsors above, it’s the best way to support this podcast – Support on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/lexfridman – Twitter: https://twitter.com/lexfridman – Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/lexfridman – LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/lexfridman – Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/lexfridman – Medium: https://medium.com/@lexfridman OUTLINE: Here’s the timestamps for the episode. On some podcast players you should be able to click the timestamp to jump to that time. (00:00) – Introduction (08:38) – Metaverse (23:01) – Quest 3 (37:50) – Nature of reality (42:28) – AI in the Metaverse (59:26) – Large language models (1:05:23) – Future of humanity