Podcast Summary: Merriam-Webster's Word of the Day – "Cataract"

Release Date: June 8, 2025
Host: Peter Sokolowski

Introduction to the Word of the Day

On June 8, 2025, Merriam-Webster's "Word of the Day" podcast delves into the term "cataract." Hosted by Peter Sokolowski, the episode provides a comprehensive exploration of the word's definitions, usages, and historical origins, offering listeners both linguistic insight and practical applications.

Definitions and Contemporary Usage

"Cataract" is introduced as a versatile noun with primarily two distinct meanings:

1. Ophthalmic Definition:

   • "Cataract is a noun. It refers to a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light."
     (00:06)
     This medical definition is commonly recognized, describing a condition that impairs vision and often necessitates surgical intervention.

2. Literary and Natural Phenomenon:

   • "Cataract is also used often in literature to refer to a waterfall, steep rapids in a river, or to a downpour or flood."
     (00:06)
     In this context, the word evokes imagery of powerful water movements, symbolizing both natural beauty and force.

Etymology and Historical Context

The episode delves into the rich history of the word "cataract," tracing its origins back to the Latin term "cataracta." This root word carries dual meanings that have influenced its contemporary uses:

• Portcullis:

  • "It dates to the 14th century and comes from the Latin word cataracta, meaning portcullis, probably because a cataract in one's eye obstructs vision much like a portcullis. Heavy iron grating obstructs passage into a fortress or castle."
    (00:06)
    This metaphorical connection underscores the obstructive nature of both a portcullis and a clouded lens in the eye.

• Waterfall:

  • "Cataracta has another meaning, however, waterfall, and that meaning gave English the water related meanings that came in later."
    (00:06)
    The association with waterfalls highlights the dynamic and powerful aspects of the word, extending its usage beyond the medical field.

Further exploring its Greek roots, the word "cataracta" is linked to "catarasain," which means "to dash down."

• "It means to dash down, describing the action of both the slamming portcullis and the cascading waterfall."
  (00:06)
  This dual imagery captures both the abrupt closure of a medieval gate and the relentless flow of water, illustrating the word's versatility.

Usage in Literature

Peter Sokolowski enriches the discussion by presenting a literary example that encapsulates the multifaceted nature of "cataract."

• Example Sentence:
  "I became a grandmother at the beginning of the decade and again at the end. I decided what kind of grandmother I wanted to be. I came to accept my identity as a writer. I retired from teaching after 20 years. I continue to work as a social work consultant. I had cataract surgery and can see better than I have in years."
  (00:06)
  • Source: How to Be Lessons in Living Boldly from the Accidental Icon by Lyn Slater

This passage highlights the medical usage of "cataract," illustrating its relevance in everyday life and personal milestones. The clarity improved by surgery metaphorically parallels the newfound understanding and vision in the speaker's personal and professional life.

Conclusion and Additional Resources

Wrapping up the episode, Peter Sokolowski reinforces the day's lesson on "cataract," emphasizing its historical depth and contemporary relevance in both medical and literary contexts.

For listeners seeking to expand their vocabulary further or explore trending words, Sokolowski directs them to visit Merriam-Webster's website.

• "Visit merriamwebster.com today for definitions, wordplay and trending word lookups."
  (02:05)

Notable Quotes

• Host Introduction:
  "Cataract is a noun. It refers to a clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light."
  (00:06)

• Etymology Insight:
  "Cataracta has another meaning, however, waterfall, and that meaning gave English the water related meanings that came in later."
  (00:06)

• Literary Example:
  "I had cataract surgery and can see better than I have in years."
  (00:06)

This episode of Merriam-Webster's "Word of the Day" not only defines "cataract" but also bridges its historical roots with modern usage, providing listeners with a holistic understanding of the term. Whether encountered in a medical setting or within the fluid imagery of literature, "cataract" stands as a testament to the rich evolution of language.