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Michael Knowles
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John Bickley
Considered by some to be one of the most maligned figures in modern history, Pope Pius XII helmed the Catholic Church during the zenith of Nazi Germany. His alleged silence in the face of atrocities led to the moniker the Silent Pope. Now a new documentary series for the Daily Wire called the Pope and the the Secret Vatican Files of World War II explores the untold story of Pius.
Georgia Howe
In this episode, we sit down with the show's host, Michael Knowles to discuss the contro at the heart of the series. I'm Georgia Howe with Daily Wire executive editor John Bickley. It's Sunday, August 17th, and this is Morning Wire.
Michael Knowles
History is written by the victors. But what if the victors got it wrong? For 80 years, the world has condemned one man as the Pope of Silence, the man who stood by in the of face shocking evil. But can we trust the popular narrative even after all these years? This is not just a story about Hitler and the Holocaust. One of the worst lies ever told about the Catholic Church is what she did or did not do in one of modernity's darkest hours. Now, for the first time, the Vatican secret archive is open. And the truth is far more shocking than the fiction. Propagandists have peddled one story for decade, but now we can definitively know better.
Georgia Howe
Joining us now is our dear colleague and producer of this fantastic new series, Michael Knowles. Michael, thank you so much for coming on.
Michael Knowles
It's great to be here. This is my first time on the morning wire set, but it's fun.
John Bickley
Don't take that personally.
Michael Knowles
I know it's weird cause it's always locked when I try to come in. It's so strange. My key does.
John Bickley
Weird how that happens.
Georgia Howe
Well, you're here because you just dropped a new docu series for people who haven't heard about it at all. Tell us what is it about and what's it called?
Michael Knowles
The series is called the Pope and the the Secret Vatican Files of World War II. And I think I basically told you what it's about, but it's about this figure who is probably the most slandered of any figure of the 20th century. So you've got the seminal event, the key event of the 20th century is the Second World War. Pius XII has been maligned as the silent Pope, complicit in Hitler's rise. Some people, some propagandists have called him Hitler's Pope. They've suggested that he was actually supportive of Hitler and encouraging of the Nazi regime. And it's not true. If anything, the Church has been too silent in defending him. So we now have access to the Vatican secret archive. It's now called the Vatican Apostolic Archive. We have unprecedented access to the real wartime files. And so we can give the definitive history because we're living in a strange age of revision. And. And in part, I think it's because we've been lied to by public authorities on a lot of things, especially coming out of COVID So now people are questioning everything, and the truth actually can be known about certain historical facts. So the way I view it is we're in this age now where some people hate Pope Pius XII because he helped Hitler, and some people love Pope Pius XII because he helped Hitler, supposedly. But, you know, there's actually a third option, which is the truth. And the truth is that this man stood firm against the Nazi regime. He helped many, many Jews and others to escape the atrocities. But a lot of his work was, in fact, in silence.
Georgia Howe
Now, Cabot made me promise that we would grill you. So what is the argument for him being supportive of the Nazi regime?
Michael Knowles
The argument is that he didn't get up and give a daily speech every day on the evils of Adolf Hitler. Now, even that, I think, is a sort of unfair charge, because if you go back to the pontificate before Pius xii, Pius xi, the papal encyclical mit Bernanda Sorgha came out. And at this point, you watch your mouth. Yeah, that's right. Gesundheit. At this point, the man who becomes Papa xii, Genio Pacelli, is. He's a top Vatican diplomat. He's actually a diplomat in Berlin. And so he's intimately involved in all of this. And it's unusual. Even that name, Mitt Bernando Sorge, is unusual because papal encyclicals tend to come out in Latin. Knitbrnander Sorge was in German. To appeal directly to the German people had to be smuggled in and around Germany. And so even before he rises to take on this continuation of Pius XI's pontificate, he was well aware of the problem, working hard to stop the rise of Hitler and Then when Hitler takes power, you also have to put yourself in the historical context. It's not as though the Pope had the Papal States anymore. It's not as though this were the Middle Ages and the Pope had armies to command and a major temporal power. After Mussolini and the Lateran Treaty, the Pope is confined to Vatican City. And that had really been true since the 19th century, since blessed Pius IX. So, you know, he had an obligation to the faithful, of course, but he's, in the Catholic understanding, the Vicar of Christ on Earth. He is the head of the universal Church. And so the relationship between temporal and spiritual authority, that conflict goes all the way back to antiquity. That is what I think the propagandists have honed in on is they say, well, this man tried to find a way diplomatically to mitigate Hitler's rise. And to them, I would ask, first of all, what was the alternative? And two, what came of that? What was the fruit of that? And the fruit of that was saving tens or hundreds of thousands, really of people's lives.
Georgia Howe
And how did they do that? What did the smuggling efforts look like to get Jews out of Germany?
Michael Knowles
Well, there's Urbi et Urbi. You know, there's what Pius was able to do in Rome, and there's what Pius was able to do throughout Europe. And so in Rome, he was working very hard to get Jews in particular, to not be loaded onto the boxcars. And he was largely successful at that. He was largely successful at protecting Rome's Jewish population. Then in Germany, there were multiple attempts to take out Hitler. The most famous one is, of course, Operation Valkyrie didn't work. But there were networks of spies and informants. The Vatican was really a meeting grounds for a lot of this information. And. But even so, look, you had hundreds of thousands of people who were saved because of the work of the Catholic Church and up to the pontificate. But he also was speaking. He also was writing. He also had moral clarity. He also had radio addresses. He also. So I think of all the calumnies, of all of the historical figures that have been slandered with Pius xii, it's the most preposterous. And it's no surprise, because the Second World War was a war in large part between two enemies of the Church, the Communists and the Nazis. So when the belligerents were largely made up of the enemies of the Church, it's no wonder that the Church was.
John Bickley
So maligned in terms of the initial public statements. Was there a fear from the Pope that he's actually putting Catholics at Risk in Germany, or was that not part of the equation?
Michael Knowles
Of course. I mean, again, going back to antiquity, because the Church does not measure her time in days and weeks or years, but in centuries and millennia, of course, you. The shepherd has a responsibility to his flock. He also had to deal with clergy and even bishops who were a little more open to the Nazi regime. So one in particular who comes up is Bishop Hudol. Bishop Hudol, who in his own way, actually, I think, has been somewhat unfairly maligned. Hudol famously wrote a book that's been called A Defense of Nazism. It's really not that the Vatican, and we can see this in some of the files, understood that Bishop Hudol was not the most balanced person in the world. But what Hudel's book was attempting to do was pull whatever good can come out of the Nazi movement out of it and get rid of the bad stuff. So he condemned explicitly the racial laws and the cruelty and the sins. Now you can say, well, that was a stupid strategy that never was going to work. But, but, but even there, you know, it shows you the difficult position that the Pope is in when he even asked to corral priests and bishops and make sure that everyone is seeing with. With great moral clarity that Pius XII possessed what exactly was going on.
Georgia Howe
Now, one document that you highlighted in the first episode of the series was that in some letter or something, Hitler referred to the Pope as, or Pope Pius as his number one enemy or his. His personal enemy. But tell us a bit about that and why he identified the Pope as his enemy.
Michael Knowles
Well, Hitler, there have been attempts to rehabilitate Hitler as some kind of Christian or something. And I think it's ridiculous when you.
Georgia Howe
I'm going to ask you about that, too.
Michael Knowles
Yes, I mean, look, Hitler was right when he said that the Pope was his enemy. You know, give the devil his due. Hitler had an idolatrous ideology of the state as being above everything else. And so you heard the Church understand that the crooked cross, the cracked cross of the Nazi swastika would perish and the cross of Christ would remain. These two ideologies were incompatible. They were incompatible for many reasons, because of the racial cruelty, but ultimately because Hitler recognized that the chief threat to his power, to his Reich was the Church. And that's been true for tyrants also, going all the way back to antiquity. So one thing that the Nazis tried to do was to create their own version, version of Christianity, positive Christianity, a Christianity that ultimately would be subservient to the state. Many tyrants Many states have tried to do that over the years, but that was never going to work. And so Hitler saw it clearly, Pius saw it clearly. There might have been some confusion in between, but these two great men, protagonist and antagonist of the war, in their own way, they understood what the stakes were.
John Bickley
Yeah.
Georgia Howe
Well, you may have already addressed all you want to say on this topic, but you do hear people making connections today between Christian nationalism and Nazism and just wondering, what do you think the connection is there? Or is that just completely propaganda at this point?
Michael Knowles
Well, no, the connection is that heresy is choosing. I don't need to tell a scholar such as Mr. Bickley here that, you know, it comes from the Greek word for choice so often. Chesterton wrote wonderfully about this and more eloquently than I will speak often. What a heresy is is not the promotion of a vice to the exclusion of virtue. It's the promotion of one virtue to the exclusion of all of the others. So patriotism is good. That's actually a virtue. It's an extension of filial piety. However, when we make an idol out of the state, we fall into statism, which ignores the other virtues and which in itself becomes vicious. And so even ethnos, even having an affinity for people who look like you or have a shared kind of culture and history, that's not wrong in itself. What is wrong is when you make an idol out of that to the exclusion of the other virtues. And so the commonality that people draw is, they say, well, Christian nationalism and National Socialism draw on kinds of love of nation. Yes. The difference, though, is that Christian nationalism, or let's just say a Christian understanding of nationalism, puts nation in its proper place. And its proper place cannot be above all other considerations. But it has to understand man as a political animal, as a social creature, but as a spiritual creature as well. We have homes on this earth. You know, we come from a family, we live in homes, we have a home country, but we're also pilgrim wayfarers, and we're going to the eternal home, which is not going to be found in this dust.
Georgia Howe
Yeah. Now, in 2020, the Washington Post reported that there were these newly opened Vatican archives and that they found evidence supposedly that World War II, the World War II era Pope knew about the mass killing of Jews from his own sources, but kept that matter from the US Government. They also issued somewhat of an apology for, like, providing sucker for Nazi soldiers. What did you make of that? Of those documents that supposedly have an apology?
Michael Knowles
Yeah, it's a bunch of nonsense. I mean, the one controversial area for a sort of apology would be the rat lines. And this once again involves Bishop Hudol, who's probably the most prominent of the bishops who were seen to be sympathetic to Nazism. And I don't mean to paper over it. I mean, these are very legitimate historical controversies that don't really touch on Pius xii, who, again, to accuse Pius XII of withholding information or intelligence. First of all, he was a chief diplomat and he's one of the great heroes of saving the victims of World War II, so spare me. But one can see all of the important documents in the series, the Pope and the Fuhrer, but on the rat lines, giving sucker to the Nazi war criminals, even that, I think, could be understood as coming from at least a good place, at least a good intention, which is that the war was over. And Hudol, in perhaps his mistaken understanding of ethics and morality, said, well, okay, these people are now escaping their own persecution, and I'm going to allow them or I'm going to facilitate their fleeing to Latin America. Didn't turn out very well for a lot of the Nazi war criminals. But even that, I think it's reductive and unfair to say that this man was a Hitler fanatic, even someone like Hudal, because you can read him in his own words. And this is what I think a lot of this comes down to. It is not possible to look at the documents in the Vatican secret archive and even documents that we knew about decades ago. It is not possible to read Pius XII in his own words or read testimony about documents that actually no longer exist, because as the Vatican knew, going back to Pius xi, the fascist government was tapping all the phone lines. So everything that they were communicating was. Was being intercepted by the Axis. It's not possible to read what they said and hear what they said and. And come to the conclusion that the Vatican was in any way sympathetic toward Nazism. It's not possible. And on the point of the fascists intercepting the cables, it's also important to remember that the Vatican had had its territory stolen by the Italian state, which was in control of Hitler's chief, one of Hitler's chief allies. And so even down to the point that there were questions about Pius xi's death, the event that precipitated Pius XII rising to the seat of Peter, because the doctor for Pius XI was a relative of Mussolini's mistress.
John Bickley
I had never heard that before, and I saw it in the first episode, Floretta. It's kind of amazing, you know, one of the things. And this is, again, this is not an apologist perspective, but the fog of the 1930s. Yeah, it's hard for us with the clarity of the events playing out and we get to look back at them in history and see where all this was going. It's very clear to us how evil Nazism is, of course, but how you can't trust Hitler, that he was always playing the game. It was always going to be war, all that stuff, but it was it. I think a lot of people in the 30s, leading up to the. The beginning of World War II and even into the beginning stages of it, could not believe how evil. How evil Hitler was and how many people were following such an overtly evil force. It can't. If this many people back it in.
Michael Knowles
Germany, this is at a reasonable 50 million Frenchmen can't be wrong, when in fact, 50 million Frenchmen are always wrong. And in the case of the Second World War, they mostly just lay down and let the tanks come in. But the other aspect of the context of the 30s that people can't really understand today, and in part this is because of propaganda that occurred during the Second World War, is the evil of communism. So you have in Germany, throughout Europe, rampant Communism. You have, immediately preceding the Second World War, you have the Communists almost conquering Iberia. You have a Spanish Civil War that pits communists against monarchists and Catholics and fascists and this kind of assemblage of people. And communism is an avowed enemy of the Church that predates fascism, that the Church has been dealing with at this point since the 19th century.
John Bickley
It's an overt enemy. I mean, it's an open enemy. Right. As opposed to the early stages of Nazi propaganda where they tried to downplay a lot of these elements, even Hitler. And this is again, in episode one, Hitler downplays the Jew part.
Michael Knowles
Yes.
John Bickley
When he's openly campaigning and starting to.
Michael Knowles
Gain leadership roles, he also downplays his aversion to the Church. Now, this comes out more clearly later on, but he's a pretty crafty politician that Hitler. And the situation in Europe was awful. Again, something else we haven't mentioned is we're dealing with the aftermath of the First World War. So you've got a terrible problem in Europe. And then if you put yourself in the position of the Vatican with, in my view, apostolic authority, divinely instituted authority, great moral clarity, but also looking at political realities, there is a war that is breaking out between two people that want to see you destroyed and the end. So given that context, when you See baptismal certificates given to Jews en masse to have them avoid being shipped off to the camps, to allow them to escape to other countries, including in Latin America. One criticism is, well, why didn't the Vatican issue more. Put yourself in the political situation. Had the Vatican just given a carte blanche of baptismal certificates to every single Jew in Europe, Save no one. You save no one. You save no one. Because it's not as though Pius XII is sitting on his throne, you know, up in the sky. He has Mussolini breathing down his neck right around the corner. He's got Hitler breathing down his neck not so far away. And Hitler had a plan. You know, I mean, when we say that people were downplaying Hitler's seriousness early, early on in the rise of the Nazis, that is true from a popular understanding, but Hitler kind of always knew what he was about. And so the Germans are known for their efficiency. And with Pius xii, the fact that the Vatican was able to do as much good as it was, to me, that's the real story, which has been inverted by other enemies of the Church.
John Bickley
Obviously, there's a lot of defense of Pius XII in this for a good reason, because he's been painted in such a negative light. But what are the lessons to take away from this in terms of the things he should have done that he could have done more of? Maybe he should have been more public in some key moments. Did you have some moments you felt like this is a legit, this is a legitimate qualm you can have with him in this particular instance, or maybe trends in terms of how he led through this period?
Michael Knowles
No, really, I don't. I mean, I don't really have a criticism of him. I have criticisms of other bishops. I have criticisms of some of the clergy or even some of the laity. I have, with retrospect, the ability to look back and say, well, you know, had Church teaching been clearer before, say, Mitt Bernanda, Sorga, you know, fine. But you're dealing with such a tumultuous period, such a period of massive change in the teens, 20s, and 30s, that I think it's even. That is sort of an unfair criticism. The takeaway lesson for me, though, is the uneasiness of living in a fallen world, aiming at spiritual Jerusalem, in a world of political powers and principalities and powers, because it's astounding to me in many ways that the Church could have walked this via media. The Church really had the Nazis numbers from the beginning and was able to maintain that moral clarity and surreptitious clarity, you know, down to the Scavi, all the way up to attempting to save people around Rome and around the rest of Europe, even amidst all the intense political pressure to pick a side. But you don't. Actually, a lot of people think that we have to pick a side between the brown shirts and the red shirts and the black shirts in Italy. You don't. You don't. You can pick the white cassock of the Holy Church.
John Bickley
You strike me as pretty eloquent. You should, I don't know, have your.
Michael Knowles
Own podcast or something, you know, That's a great idea. I really.
John Bickley
I appreciate that Daily Wire will greenlight stuff. It takes a few years.
Michael Knowles
That's good because I told years ago, when I met Ben Shapiro, he told me my check would be arriving in the mail any day now. That was in 2015.
John Bickley
So it's coming, man.
Michael Knowles
I'll check with the accounting department or so. Yeah. Okay.
Georgia Howe
Well, Michael, thank you so much for coming on. And now we know who our Catholicism expert's going to be.
Michael Knowles
Andrew Clavin. Great. Great. Thank you for having me. It's great to be in here.
John Bickley
So fun, man.
Michael Knowles
Wow.
John Bickley
Let's do it again.
Michael Knowles
I walk by this place all the time.
John Bickley
All you gotta do is host a whole other documentary series you can come back on.
Michael Knowles
Who should we do next? I don't know. John xxiii. Paul vi.
John Bickley
That's somebody. Oh, yeah, yeah.
Michael Knowles
Is he one of the.
John Bickley
I don't know who these.
Michael Knowles
Urban ii. That'd be a good one.
John Bickley
Urban ii. Okay, let's do it. That was Michael Knowles discussing his new Daily Wire documentary series, the Pope and the the Secret Vatican Files of World War II. And this has been a weekend edition of Morning Wireless Foreign.
Georgia Howe
Hi, I'm Kristen Bell, and if you know my husband Dax, then you also know he loves shopping for a car. Selling a car, not so much.
John Bickley
We're really doing this, huh?
Georgia Howe
Thankfully, carvana makes it easy. Answer a few questions, put in your van or license, and done. We sold ours in minutes this morning. And they'll come pick it up and pay us this afternoon.
John Bickley
Goodbye, Truckee.
Georgia Howe
Of course, we kept the favorite.
John Bickley
Hello, other truckee.
Georgia Howe
Sell your car with Carvana today. Terms and conditions apply.
Michael Knowles
These are questions that take cultures thousands of years to answer. During Answer the Call, I take questions from people just like you about their problems, opportunities, challenges, or when they simply need advice.
John Bickley
How do I balance all of this? Grief, responsibility?
Michael Knowles
How do you repair this kind of damage? My daughter, Michaela guides the conversations as we hopefully help people navigate their lives. Everyone has their own destiny. Everyone.
Date: August 17, 2025
Hosts: John Bickley and Georgia Howe
Guest: Michael Knowles (Daily Wire, host of the documentary series The Pope and the Secret Vatican Files of World War II)
This episode delves into the controversy surrounding Pope Pius XII, often dubbed the "Silent Pope" for his perceived lack of action during World War II. Michael Knowles joins the hosts to discuss his new documentary series, which leverages newly opened Vatican archives to shed light on the true role of Pius XII and debunk longstanding myths. The conversation explores the historical nuances, the complexity of the era, and offers a thoughtful, sometimes provocative, reassessment of the Pope’s actions during one of history’s darkest chapters.
“One of the worst lies ever told about the Catholic Church is what she did or did not do in one of modernity's darkest hours.”
—Michael Knowles [01:09]
“The argument is that he didn't get up and give a daily speech every day on the evils of Adolf Hitler…”
—Michael Knowles [04:16]
“He helped many, many Jews and others to escape the atrocities. But a lot of his work was, in fact, in silence.”
—Michael Knowles [03:13]
“He also had to deal with clergy and even bishops who were a little more open to the Nazi regime.”
—Michael Knowles [08:00]
“Hitler was right when he said that the Pope was his enemy… the chief threat to his power, to his Reich was the Church.”
—Michael Knowles [09:43]
“The difference, though, is that Christian nationalism... puts nation in its proper place. And its proper place cannot be above all other considerations.”
—Michael Knowles [11:16]
“It is not possible to look at the documents in the Vatican secret archive... and come to the conclusion that the Vatican was in any way sympathetic toward Nazism. It's not possible.”
—Michael Knowles [14:32]
“A lot of people think that we have to pick a side between the brown shirts and the red shirts and the black shirts in Italy. You don't. You don't. You can pick the white cassock of the Holy Church.”
—Michael Knowles [21:17]
“No, really, I don't. I mean, I don't really have a criticism of him...”
—Michael Knowles [20:07]
On Pius XII’s Silence and Courage:
“The truth is that this man stood firm against the Nazi regime. He helped many, many Jews and others to escape the atrocities. But a lot of his work was, in fact, in silence.”
—Michael Knowles [03:13]
On Church’s Dilemma:
“The shepherd has a responsibility to his flock... the relationship between temporal and spiritual authority... goes all the way back to antiquity.”
—Michael Knowles [08:00]
Dispelling Modern Comparisons:
“Patriotism is good. That's actually a virtue... However, when we make an idol out of the state, we fall into statism...”
—Michael Knowles [11:16]
Church vs. Ideological Tyranny:
“Hitler had an idolatrous ideology of the state as being above everything else... the chief threat to his power, to his Reich was the Church.”
—Michael Knowles [09:43]
Looking Back with Hindsight:
“If you put yourself in the position of the Vatican... the fact that the Vatican was able to do as much good as it was, to me, that's the real story, which has been inverted by other enemies of the Church.”
—Michael Knowles [18:57]
The dialogue is candid, sometimes humorous, but fundamentally serious and scholarly. Knowles is passionate in his defense of Pius XII, yet acknowledges the complexity and moral ambiguity of the era. The hosts challenge and probe, creating a respectful but engaging discussion.
This episode reframes the legacy of Pope Pius XII, offering evidence from newly opened Vatican archives to challenge decades of negative propaganda. With historical and moral nuance, Knowles and the hosts argue that Pius XII acted heroically, if often covertly, to oppose Nazism and save countless lives, and that simplistic narratives do a disservice to the real story revealed in the Vatican files. The conversation leaves listeners with a deeper understanding of the moral challenges of leadership in crisis—and the danger of letting prejudice and propaganda obscure the truth.