Bill Barker (3:06)

This is the first time I've heard the phrase or the word fussy and war in the same sentence. And I appreciate you bringing that. You opened with. Yeah, good point. Fair enough. I'm trying to soften things, but sometimes things get a little serious. So you try to make jokes. Sometimes they don't land.

Allison Southwick (3:23)

Anyway, I think war is the word that's out there. Normally for a trade war. It's been copyrighted, it's trademarked, it's out there. We're just following the script longer term.

Bill Barker (3:36)

Here's what some investors have been doing. So this is according to a Bank of America survey reported in Bloomberg. Basically now fund managers reported being 23% underweight in U.S. stocks, whatever that means. But that's a plunge of 40% percentage points from the previous survey. A couple weeks ago, I talked to Richard Bernstein on the show. He's the head of Richard Bernstein Advisors, appropriately titled, sort of about this long term de globalization trend. And you see a lot of investors going from US Stocks to, to international equities to reduce their exposure to American markets and, you know, spread their bets across the world. Is, is this a trend that you personally are following as an investor and do you find yourself maybe picking stocks and ETFs if you're doing any buying?

Allison Southwick (4:23)

Yes, in my case, I have maintained international stock holding percentage and I've increased it in light of really the valuations of U.S. stocks. And that was true even before the recent unpleasantness. They've just been trading at very historically abnormal levels that imply a lot of good cash flows ahead. And I think that really above average and above trend growth for a sustained period of time was and still is priced into US Stocks. So I think international stocks have offered better prices because they really haven't done well for years compared to the US Stocks. And so whenever anybody is saying, yeah, we've been positioning for more international coverage and increasing our holdings, in part what they're doing is trying to take credit for something that's already happened. Everybody knows international stocks have outperformed the US By a large amount this year. So if you say, as I just did, yeah, I've been doing that. You're trying to get the credit for outperforming the market, whether it's true in your own case or Not. I think that there's some of that going on.

Bill Barker (5:44)

So let's talk about a company where there is absolutely pretty much no growth priced in, and it is at the center of the trade wars. Small lowercase tm. And that's Harley Davidson, which does a lot of manufacturing in the United States, does some international sales. There's a story in the Wall Street Journal about how tariffs already affect Harley, pointing out the Road Glide, which is a touring model of their motorcycle, starting at $28,000 in the U.S. however, in Denmark, it's already at about $77,000. That includes a 25% value added tax and a 150% luxury tax. If the new tariffs that the EU is threatening, that 77K goes to more than $100,000, $124,000. So this is a company that's absolutely gotten. It's been taken to the woodshed for a number of reasons. Tariffs are one of them. But, I mean, how is Harley doing in international markets to begin with? How important is Europe and Asia to this company by unit sales?

Allison Southwick (6:49)

I was looking this up last year. 94,000 unit sales in the U.S. 151,000 globally. So you've got about 60% or so of your sales in the U.S. some in Canada, Asia and Europe is sort of a fair fight, not many in Latin America. So I think that it's still a major US Brand. I think it's got a little bit of a bullseye on its back for being so commonly associated with the US as some of the sort of whiskey brands and things are just their big targets for headlines and things like that. When some of the very specific tariffs in Europe and otherwise are designed so they're, you know, they're going to be suffering in terms of international sales. I'm surprised, you know, given the level of tariffs, you know, in Denmark specifically, but in some of the other places that they do as well as they do internationally, and it's. It's going to be tough for them to maintain that.

Bill Barker (7:54)

I don't want to buy a motorcycle to begin with. Not my style. No disrespect to the motorcycle lovers. I just, I like my car and, and I can't imagine spending more than 100 grand on one that I know goes for. For less than 30,000 elsewhere.

Allison Southwick (8:08)

Yeah, I mean, it's very effective in protecting the local sales, the, you know, BMW and the European brands. You know, when you hear headlines like that, you definitely see that there is an argument for some tariffs imposed by allies as being really unfair on their face to specific US Companies and that there is place to negotiate about some of these things. Whether bringing out a 20% tariff against everybody on everything is the way to negotiate is something that the market will weigh in on tomorrow.

Bill Barker (8:41)

Perhaps this is something that CFO Jonathan Root, the CFO of Harley Davidson was talking to Congress about where, you know, the markets overseas are very unfair to his, his company and mentioning that bikes brought in to the United States receive at most about a two and a half percent tariffs. So they, they're playing this sort of unlevel playing field internationally popular within the United States. But I wonder, could retaliatory tariffs, could a trade war not focusing on the entire market actually benefit a company like Harley Davidson, which would have a lot of competitors shut out of the United States and maybe have some negotiating leverage to sell more bikes in international markets?

Allison Southwick (9:21)

It could. I wouldn't want to bet on it, but it, it could if, if the, its strength in the US grows. It's got about 37% of the heavyweight market in the US and it's the leading player used to have 50% of the heavyweight market before COVID So it's been bleeding market share. Giving it up to competition. Tariffs could help it domestically. Could they help enough domestically to make up for lost foreign sales? Your guess is as good as mine on that. But the steel and aluminum tariffs, either way, they don't help Harley's costs for producing bikes here. A lot of their input costs are already subject to tariffs and they're going to be weighing on the margins. And I don't think, you know, Harley can just pass on all of those costs easily and maintain profit margins that it's, that it's got at the moment.

Bill Barker (10:18)

You're not the only investor who's pessimistic about hog. That's the ticker symbol for Harley Davidson. It went from about 10, 12 times trailing cash flow now to 3 times trailing 12 months cash cash flow. And it did post an operating loss in its, its latest quarter market cap went from more than 6 billion a few years ago now to about 3 billion. Besides the tariffs, you had CEO Johan Zeitz pointing to quote, continued cyclical headwinds for discretionary products, including the high interest rate environment affecting consumer confidence. I'm trying to find my, you know, my contrarian side and there are times where as an investor you want to look for those blood in the street stories where you're finding extraordinarily negative headlines. Companies affecting stock prices for, for good long term invest investments. The problem, Bill, is that often the Market is pretty good at assigning price tags for companies, and contrarians often look foolish, lowercase foolish in the end for folks like me. Any. Any general advice for people who want to be a contrarian? Watching these trade wars play out and, you know, maybe thinking about putting some money into a dumpster fire.

Allison Southwick (11:28)

Okay. I would not open up thinking of Harley as a dumpster fire. Even though the market, as you point out, is treating it as a bit of one. At about a PE of seven to eight right now. And this is a company with long history. It's got a product which remains roughly as relevant as ever. It's not going away. It's not necessarily a value trap in the way that some companies like a Kodak or something, where you just see their product evaporating over some period of time. And even though it's at a very low pe, it's like, well, things could get a lot worse. I think that the things which weigh most heavily on the company right now are more transitory. I don't know what's going to happen with the tariffs in terms of their duration, but I don't see the product itself as becoming significantly less relevant year after year after year to the purchasing public. They've got a $1 billion buyback authorization out there. If they're buying up their shares. An authorization doesn't mean they're actually buying, but they're authorized to buy their shares. If they're buying their shares in volume, I would. I would like to see that as a sign that the company sees value in its stock.

Bill Barker (12:48)

Yeah, that. That buyback authorization would be about one third of the company's total market cap right now. Let's go to this open AI story, which just closed a $40 billion funding round. Congratulations to Sam Altman and team. The value for this hybrid Nonprofit is now $300 billion. This is the largest amount raised by a private tech company. It was led by SoftBank at a $30 billion commitment. This is one of the hottest companies in the world. We talked about one of the least hot companies in the world. OpenAI is one of the hottest companies in the world, led by masasun. Over at SoftBank, he called you and he said, hey, Bill, I got this funding round going. You want to. You want to kick in a couple of bucks? Do you want to buy some shares of Open air at a $300 billion valuation? What say you?

Allison Southwick (13:36)

I don't think that Masters, on being interested in it at this price would be enough information for me to act. He's had some great investments and some terrible investments. This is not going to be one of the truly terrible ones, but I don't know that I would choose it and sort of the what's behind door number two aspect of it because I don't have any look at their financials compared to things which are, you know, in competing space. Google is available for 20 times earnings right now. It's got a lot of the same sorts of investments and capabilities. It's obviously not a pure play for AI, but it and some of the other names that you know are, I think ones that depending on your investing style, might be more interesting than what is going to be a remarkable story. If OpenAI does in fact go public at some point in the near future, it'll be fascinating to see what kind of value it gets. But I think there's tons of value here, but I have no way to quantify it.

Bill Barker (14:53)

What is the pivot that OpenAI investors are banking on? So the CFO Sarah Fryer told Bloomberg that roughly 75% of OpenAI's business comes from consumer subscriptions. The 20amonth payments they get to make really cool videos and extended basically question asking and feeding in images, that kind of thing. The investors don't seem to be banking on this as a subscription business though. What is the pivot that these OpenAI investors are seeing here?

Allison Southwick (15:23)

I had such an open question as to what the revenues are going to be. How much of this is going to be enterprise versus consumer? There seems to be a willingness at the moment to consider the infinite value that AI may create and that OpenAI may be getting the largest chunk or a very large chunk of that infinite value. So I don't know that it's going to play out that way. No one does. But the number of applications for this with agentic AI and things going well beyond putting a query or a prompt into a bot and getting, getting an answer, getting a funny or whatever picture, you know, the application of this at the enterprise level is going to be, I think what investors are going to need to see to come up with a 300 billion dollar valuation.

Bill Barker (16:23)

Yeah, it's once the agents can take action on your behalf. Sounds kind of nice for email, but also might be a weird environment when my AI agent is talking to your AI agent to book a podcast conversation. But then you have a vacation we didn't know about or that kind of thing. We'll see how it plays out. Bill Barker, appreciate you being here. Thank you for your time and your insight.

Allison Southwick (16:42)

Thanks. Thanks for having me.

Robert Brokamp (16:47)

Incoming transmission.

Matt (16:50)

Hello, my name is Matt and I'm McKinley.

Ricky Mulvey (16:53)

We are the Father Son team that brings you History Dispatches.

Matt (16:56)

History Dispatches is a short daily history show where we talk about topics from all over the world and all throughout history. We talk about people, places, events, and even objects.

Ricky Mulvey (17:06)

While anything is fair game, we have a soft spot for the weird, the wacky and the obscure things you may have never even heard of.

Matt (17:12)

Do you have any examples?

Ricky Mulvey (17:14)

How about Wojtek the bear who rose to the rank of corporal in the Polish army? Or the Great Emu War? Or how about the biggest treasure take in the history of piracy?

Matt (17:23)

That sounds cool, but do you have a story about the head of Oliver Cromwell? Or one about the ancient Library of Alexandria? And a story about the first woman to climb Mount Everest would be cool.

Ricky Mulvey (17:33)

Well, we got those as well. Every weekday there's something new and fun.

Matt (17:36)

Sweet. So how do I get this trove of goodness?

Ricky Mulvey (17:39)

All you have to do is go to history dispatches.com or just look for History Dispatches in your favorite podcast app.

Bill Barker (17:52)

Up next, Allison Southwake and Robert Brokamp share some tips to help you Recession proof your finances.

Robert Brokamp (18:08)

Recession risks are on the rise. Impending trade wars accelerating layoffs, declining consumer confidence, and a stock market correction have Americans understandably skittish. According to Google Trends, searches on the term recession are at the third highest level of the past 10 years. These concerns are reflected in plenty of recent headlines, such as A recession may be coming. It's not too late to prepare, says USA Today or CNBC, with recession is coming before end of 2025. Generally pessimistic corporate CFOs say, I mean, that's my number one barometer is the generally pessimistic corporate CFO indicator. And how about one more example? Stocks fall sharply, bonds gold buoyed as tariffs stoke recession fears, say Reuters. So to be sure, many aspects of the economy are humming along just fine. A recession over the next year or two is not a certain. Goldman Sachs recently estimated the odds of a recession over the next 12 months at 35%. Not great, but less than 50. 50. But a recession eventually is guaranteed because we haven't yet figured out how to eliminate the boom and bust cycles of the economy.

Unknown (19:23)

Yeah, so let's talk a little bit about the history of recession. So it's commonly thought that a recession is defined as two consecutive quarters of declining gdp, but that's actually not the official definition. It's certainly a sign that things are slowing down, but we don't really know when an official recession has begun or ended until the National Bureau of Economic Research says so. The NBER is a private, nonprofit research organization made up of more than 1800 economists. And they're folks who say basically, recession began and the recession ended. The NBER does provide data on recessions as far back as 1854. So since then, the US has experienced a recession on average every five years. However, there was more than a decade between two of the last three recessions. The average recession has lasted 17 months, but since 1945, the average has been just 10 months. The last two downturns were on the opposite ends of the duration spectrum. The 2007, 2009 recession lasted 18 months, and that was the longest recession since the Great Depression. But the most recent recession, which was caused by the pandemic panic of 2020, was just two months, and that was the shortest recession ever.

Robert Brokamp (20:31)

Now, recessions can have an impact on most aspects of your finances, but not all in bad ways. So here's how a recession generally affects different aspects of the economy and your money. So let's start with. Well, stocks go down.

Unknown (20:47)

Yeah, the stock market is considered a leading economic indicator, so it tends to drop several months before a recession officially begins. And st usually, but not always, rebound before the recession ends. So, you know, if you're trying to say, like, you know what, I'm going to keep some cash on the side, I'm going to wait for the economy to recover before I get back into the market, you're probably going to miss some of the best performing days of the recovery. According to Truist Co CIO Keith Lerner, the median recession associated decline in The S&P 500 since 1948 was 24%. And the sectors that tend to hold up the best during recessions are consumer staples, utilities and healthcare.

Robert Brokamp (21:24)

Another thing that tends to happen during a recession is that interest rates usually go up.

Unknown (21:29)

Yeah, the bond market and the Federal Reserve both react to recessions by driving down interest rates. However, if inflation stays high or increases during the economic downturn, what is known as stagflation, interest rates may actually go up, as happened during the 1973-74 recession. Rates have already actually started to decline so far this year. And while the Federal Reserve held rates steady at their last meeting, they've indicated that they've penciled in two rate cuts this year. So the takeaway for your finances are that if rates do continue to decline, you may want to lock in current rates with some of your money, maybe by buying CDs or bonds. Also, depending on where rates end Up. A recession actually could be a good time to refinance a loan like your mortgage.

Robert Brokamp (22:08)

All right, so interest rates usually go down and bonds go up depending on the bonds.

Unknown (22:14)

Yeah. So bond prices move inversely to interest rates. So if rates go down, bonds usually go up. Plus there's often this flight to safety during a recession, which means people sell their stocks and buy bonds, which also drives up bond prices. And this is already happening with the Vanguard total bond market ETF up 3% year to date. Not a whole lot, but that's pretty good for three months worth of work from the bond market. That said, it does really depend on the quality of the bonds. Treasuries tend to hold up very well during a recession. Investment grade corporates historically have been more of a mixed bag and riskier corporates like high yield junk bonds, they tend to go down right along with stocks during a recession. Sometimes not quite as much, but still pretty big, 10, 15, 20%. So for money you want to hold up during the downTurn, stick with FDIC insured cash and Treasuries with maybe a complement of diversified bond funds that are a mix of government issued debt and investment grade corporates.

Robert Brokamp (23:06)

All right, how about home prices? Well, they normally hold up all right.

Unknown (23:11)

Yeah, home prices have declined in just two of the six recessions since 1980, and one of those was just a decline of less than 1%. So no big deal. Research from Mark Hulbert of MarketWatch found that from 1952 to 2018, home prices on average actually grew more during bear markets and stocks than during bull markets. Now, I know most of us are thinking about the 2007, 2009 recession, which is when both stocks and home prices plummeted. But historically speaking, that actually was an outlier. So home could be a good stock market hedge as well as a good inflation hedge. But as they always say about real estate, location, location, location. So, for example, during the oil bust of the 1980s, home prices in Tex, they really struggled. And I got to say, as someone who lives in the D.C. suburbs of Northern Virginia, I'm going to be very curious to see what happens to home prices in this area with so many federal employees getting laid off and so many government contracts getting canceled.

Robert Brokamp (24:03)

All right, Another factor of the economy, this one's probably not going to be so surprising is that the unemployment rate rises.

Unknown (24:09)

Yeah, on average, the unemployment rate goes up by approximately 3 percentage points during a recession. But, you know, during the 2007, 2009 recession, which was pretty bad, it doubled from 5% to 10% and people were out of work on average for almost half a year. So six months. Which explains a little bit about why we always say that you should have an emergency fund of around six months. And during the pandemic, unemployment skyrocketed from 3.5% to 14.8%. So for people who are many years from retirement, I would say job loss is actually the biggest risk of a recession. If your portfolio drops, you could ride out the downturn and your contributions to your 401 and your IRA buy stocks at cheaper prices. But losing your job can range from being disruptive to devastating. So I would say now is really the time to bolster what I call your human capital. Look for ways to demonstrate your value to your employer and your customers. Maintain your professional network, and keep your skills up to date in case you need to hit the job market.

Robert Brokamp (25:05)

If you don't have to hit the job market, you may be wondering about benefits. Well, workplace benefits tend to stay flat or get reduced.

Unknown (25:14)

Yeah. Workers who are fortunate to keep their jobs could still experience a reduction in their overall compensation package during recession. So raises and bonuses are hard to come by. Companies who are really struggling actually may reduce your pay and other benefits. The next company gathering may be in the office conference room instead of at a restaurant or hotel. And you may see other perks curtailed. For example, around 10% of companies reduced or eliminated their 401k matches during the pandemic. And the figure was closer to 20% during the Great Recession of 2007.

Robert Brokamp (25:44)

And finally, after all of that bad news, maybe there's a little bit of good news. Inflation tends to go down, at least we hope.

Unknown (25:51)

Yeah, if there is an upside to a downtrodden economy, it's that the cost of living doesn't go up as much and actually sometimes goes down. Right. Consumers usually cut back on their spending during a recession, so businesses often reduce their prices to try to get people into the stores. So, you know, if you have the means, you have a job, you have money on the side, a recession actually could be a good time to make a big ticket purchase, such as a car, refrigerator, other big household appliance. That said, some of us are old enough to remember the 1970s in the era of stagflation, when prices kept going up despite a muddling economy. And I have to say that's probably more of a concern these days since President Trump wants to impose significant tariffs. And tariffs can be inflationary.

Robert Brokamp (26:30)

Okay, bro, let's bring us home. What's the foolish bottom line on recessions?

Unknown (26:35)

Yeah, I would say to get your finances recession ready, start with that boring yet important advice to make sure that you protect any money you need in the next few years by keep keeping it in cash short term bonds. This is also probably a good time to look at your budget, reduce any unnecessary or underappreciated expenses, maybe use that money to build up your emergency fund. And as I said earlier, do everything you can to shore up your job security if you're still working. If you're near or in retirement, the concern really is probably more about your portfolio since you'll soon be using it as a paycheck if you're not already. And this is where asset allocation and diversification really becomes important. It starts with building that income cushion which is five years worth of portfolio provided income in cash, maybe short term bonds. It's also crucial to have different types of stocks and own enough of them. We often say here at the fool that you should own at least 25. I like more and maybe throw in some index funds as well. You could always keep investing in sort of growth oriented stocks, tech stocks, but maybe have a compliment of some solid dividend paying consumer staples stocks. You just don't want too much of your retirement writing on just one sector, one industry or one style of investing. And finally, the good news is that just to take heart in the fact that every recession has been followed by an economic expansion. They don't last forever. Eventually unemployment will come back down, the holiday party will want to be held at some fancy hotel, and the stock market will get back to new highs. Eventually.

Robert Brokamp (27:56)

All right, well one last thing. While it is April Fool's Day, I have something that's not a joke to share. My time at the Motley fool is drawing to a close and today is my last episode of Motley Fool Money. As some of you know, BRO and I, with Rick behind the sometimes literal glass, have been podcasting together for over 10 years. It all started with the Mollyful Answers podcast back in 2014. Now, because of my time with Bro I've forgotten more things about finance than most people will ever know. And because of the hundreds of postcards we've received over the years, I like to believe we made a difference in a few people's lives. Anyway, thank you BRO, Rick, Ricky, and to our dozens of listeners. So long. And thanks for all the stocks.

Unknown (28:42)

Well Allison, I have to add in my own thoughts, of course. Yes, it has been more than 500 episodes together and as I've told you many times, working with you and Rick and doing this podcast has been one of the highlights of my career, if not the highlight. You're smart, you're funny, you're hardworking, you have a big heart, and of course, you love Star wars and a good Christmas song. So I know I speak for our dozens of listeners when I say thank you so much. We're gonna miss you and we wish you all the best.

Robert Brokamp (29:12)

Thanks, buddy. Aww. Rick, are you crying?

Unknown (29:16)

I am.

Bill Barker (29:17)

Aw.

Robert Brokamp (29:18)

He'll be okay.

Bill Barker (29:26)

As always, people on the program may have interests in the stocks they talk about, and the Motley fool may have formal recommendations for or against. So don't buy or sell stocks based solely on what you hear. All personal finance content follows Motley fool editorial standards and are not approved by advertisers. Motley fool only picks products that would personally recommend to friends like you. I'm Ricky Mulvey. Thanks for listening. We'll see you tomorrow.