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- [00:03]
Jay Jacobs
Token consumption last year grew 17 times not 17%, which I think most people would view as a Pretty good growth company. 17 times growth of token consumption. Essentially as much money as the major large language model providers are plowing into capital expenditures. They can't keep up with AI demand. So even just in the last several months, I think the narrative has shifted in the market from that of we worried companies are over investing in capex, to what if companies are actually under investing in capex?
- [00:39]
Rachel Warren
That was BlackRock's US head of equity ETFs Jay Jacobs breaking down what the data actually says about AI's growth trajectory. I'm Motley fool analyst Rachel Warren. I sat down with Jay to dig into BlackRock's newly released 2026 thematic outlook, covering everything from the AI infrastructure buildout to tokenization to what retail investors should be doing with their portfolios right now. Enjoy. Hello everyone, and welcome back to Motley Fool Conversations. I'm Motley fool analyst Rachel Warren and today I'm excited to welcome Jay Jacobs, the US head of equity ETFs at BlackRock, to the show. Jay oversees the overall product strategy, thought leadership, and client engagement for the firm's index and active equity ETF business. Prior to his current role, Jay founded and led Global X ETFs research and strategy team and previously served as a business analyst at the New York Stock Exchange, where he helped launch hundreds of ETFs on the NYSE ARCA trading platform. Today we're going to be diving deep into the massive structural shifts shaping the global economy with BlackRock's newly released 2026 Thematic Outlook, which details how the next leg of AI compute is colliding with physical power grid bottlenecks, surging sovereign defense spending, and a massive wave of asset tokenization. Jay, welcome to the show.
- [01:56]
Jay Jacobs
Thanks for having me on.
- [01:58]
Rachel Warren
So, as US head of equity ETFs from your standpoint, I would love to hear your thoughts on how the view of a traditional portfolio has changed now that thematic funds have grown over 11x just in the past decade.
- [02:13]
Jay Jacobs
Well, I think it's important to recognize portfolio management techniques have always been evolving as the world has evolved, as data and software has evolved to make portfolios able to be managed in different ways and assess risk and opportunities in different ways. So you go back to some of the factor research in the 1970s, the introduction of the style box in the early 90s, the GIC sector classifications that divvied up the world into different sectors in the late 90s. There's been a constant Evolution of portfolio management and what we're seeing is one of the latest evolutions is really increasingly investors are looking at the world through a thematic lens. They see the rise of artificial intelligence, the changing demographics, the changing energy needs, the future of finance, as well as geopolitical fragmentation, all being major forces that are reshaping how they can think about risks and opportunities in their portfolio. And as they assess those risks, they increasingly see how valuable thematic ETFs can be for fine tuning their exposure to these themes in their portfolios.
- [03:13]
Rachel Warren
Well, one of the things I wanted to talk about, your internal model portfolios hit a seven and a half percent allocation. But the average average moderate US advisor model sits at just 3.6% thematic exposure. And your data actually shows that about 12% of analyzed US advisor portfolios currently hold any thematic ETFs at all. So I wonder if you could talk through maybe what's causing this gap and does this mean that sometimes we're seeing an under allocation to structural growth?
- [03:42]
Jay Jacobs
I would say there is an underallocation or the way that people are getting exposure to these growth opportunities is through not always the most precise tools. I do think a lot of people out there think they're getting exposure to AI by allocating to the technology sector. And in some ways you are. Yes, the technology sector has exposure to names that are building large language models or building some of the important hardware that goes into data centers. But as we've also seen this year, the tech sector also has exposure to software names that have been disproportionately hurt by the rise of artificial intelligence and the risk that that presents to SaaS business models. So I think what many people are learning in real time is just there's a difference between investing and thematic investing. And for some of these really disruptive themes, it takes a dedicated thematic ETF to be able to target them appropriately. We are seeing a gradual shift of more adoption of thematic ETFs amongst advisors. So yes, the average allocation is 3.6% as of our last reading. But you go back a few years ago, it was less than 3%. So we're seeing a tick upwards. It's just somewhat lagging what we've seen in our own models, which have more rapidly deployed thematic exposures. Given this market environment, I would expect this growth in advisors use of Matic to continue though in the coming years.
- [04:54]
Rachel Warren
Well, switching gears completely, we have to spend some time talking about AI, which obviously was something that was a really significant focus in the report, which I found incredibly interesting. So what I want to start with market skeptics scream that tech companies are overspending on AI. We keep seeing those capex figures multiply. But what was interesting was your report shows that that in the US gen AI infrastructure spending is just about 0.8% of GDP compared to, say, 4.5% for UK railroads in the 1860s, about 2% for US electricity, if you go back to the 1920s. So should one take away from this that the physical AI buildout is actually in its infancy? What are these numbers telling us?
- [05:39]
Jay Jacobs
That's exactly right. On the scale of other major transformational events within the United States, AI CapEx is still not reach the upper echelons of that type of investment. And part of it is we're early. This AI boom has really only started since the end of 2022. So we're a few years into it. We're seeing some of these capital expenditure numbers really accelerate upwards at a tremendous rate. So I think we're going to see that percentage of GDP invested in AI continue to rise over the next several years. But the fact that it's still below what we saw as investment in railroads, investments in automobiles, from a historical context just shows we're early. This country has been through transformations before. It's taken a tremendous amount of investment each of these transformations. But the impact of those transformations can span many decades, as we've of course seen with the automobile, as we've of course seen with telephones. So it's a reminder that we're early and it's still going to play out over the next several years.
- [06:45]
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- [07:42]
Rachel Warren
Well and it's interesting to think about as well because you go back to say the telecom boom in the 90s that spent about 1 1/2% of GDP before crashing. Obviously gen AI spending is sitting about half of that right now. It's not a one to one comparison either. But I'm curious what structural protections say prevent AI infrastructure from suffering dangers of overcapacity crashes we have seen with past buildouts.
- [08:07]
Jay Jacobs
Frankly, I think a lot of this build out is just a lot speculative because so much of this compute that is being built out is almost, almost instantaneously being monetized because of AI demand. What we show in the report is that token consumption last year grew 17 times not 17%, which I think most people would view as a pretty good growth company. 17 times growth of token consumption and essentially as much money as the major large language model providers are plowing into capital expenditures. They can't keep up with AI demand. So even just in the last several months, I think the narrative has shifted in the market from that of are we worried companies are over investing in capex to what? If companies are actually under investing in capex, could we start to see bottlenecks in artificial intelligence where some of the most powerful models frankly have to be throttled because there's so much demand to use them versus the compute that's actually available across the economy? So yes, the capex is accelerating. The numbers are quite staggering of what we see being invested each year. However, the demand is backing it up and the revenue from demand is immediately backing it up. So this is not the same as spec building telecom infrastructure and then if we build it, they will come kind of scenario. This is meeting real demand in real time.
- [09:25]
Rachel Warren
Yeah. I think the other thing as well that I would like to dig into a bit more is this growth coming from agentic workloads, which is essentially AI that can complete multi step tasks on its own. The report notes this can increase relative token intensity by a thousand times. So we're seeing everyone from corporate America, the big tech companies and beyond deploying AI agents. So what parts of the tech stack can capture this exponential surge in data processing where, you know, where are the beneficiaries and what can retail investors take away from that?
- [10:00]
Jay Jacobs
Well, it looks across the entire artificial intelligence tech stack, I mean it starts with some of the lowest levels which is really in the infrastructure. So think about the power that's applying data centers, the data centers themselves, the real estate, the hardware going into those data centers. Think about all the semiconductors, whether it's memory whether it's GPUs, whether it's CPUs that are powering those data centers. On top of that, there's the data layer. Think about the proprietary data that's training a lot of large language models. There's the large language models themselves that are getting more and more powerful. We're seeing that software improve significantly year over year. And then of course, you have the applications and products that are using those large language models to utilize agents. Whether that's, you know, imagine having a financial analyst that can help you pour through news or earnings reports, sell side reports, et cetera, consolidate all that information, put it into an Excel file or a PowerPoint presentation, you name it. There's a lot of things that a AI agent can now be programmed to do and really take on a significant amount of tasks for people in a wide variety of different industries. And so that's why we're so focused across the entire AI value chain, because as you see more adoption of agents, it's really going to flow across that entire value chain where you see companies profiting off of that.
- [11:21]
Rachel Warren
So there was data in the report from McKinsey that projected cumulative global infrastructure investment is set to top about $100 trillion by 2040. And that's driven by a range of factors, including AI compute, national security, supply chain, resilience initiatives. How can a long term investor evaluate these sectors across this really truly massive capital rollout we're seeing?
- [11:45]
Jay Jacobs
Well, interestingly, despite the amount of capital we're seeing allocated to infrastructure, it remains a relatively small part of people's portfolios. In fact, average infrastructure allocation in The S&P 500 is about only 3%, so less than some of the Mag 7 names alone. And yet we just see tremendous amounts of drivers for more infrastructure spending. We have changing demographics around the world, which is growing economies, growing populations that need more infrastructure. We have aging infrastructure, particularly in the developed market, where a lot of it was built in the 1960s and needs to be refreshed. We have changing infrastructure demands where it's not only about physical infrastructure, there's also needs for digital infrastructure going forward. And so there's really a lot of tremendous tailwinds behind infrastructure, and yet it remains a relatively small part of people's portfolios. So I think we're going to see a significant amount of investment over the next several decades. I think a lot of that is going to increasingly come from the private sector, given that a lot of governments just simply can't afford to keep building more infrastructure. And that should likely drive more and more investors to allocate to infrastructure as an asset class in their portfolios.
- [12:54]
Rachel Warren
I want to switch a bit to talk about the relationship between what we've been speaking of and tokenization digital assets. So the report noted that the iShares Bitcoin Trust ETF became the fastest growing ETP in history. It surpassed $70 billion in AUM in just 341 trading days across 2024 and 2025. What does that level of speed and adoption tell us about the current capital demand for digital assets?
- [13:21]
Jay Jacobs
Well, IBIT was a product is a product that really bridges between traditional finance and decentralized finance. The idea that we could take a decentralized finance asset like Bitcoin, wrap it in an exchange traded product and make it available to basically anyone with a brokerage account brought DEFI into the tradfi world and we expect that trend to likely to continue. There's a lot of demand for assets that can behave differently than stocks and bonds. And so we've seen a tremendous amount of interest from the traditional finance space in an asset like Bitcoin where it's more driven by things like geopolitical uncertainty, rising distrust in institutions, the risk of debasement of currencies or rampant inflation. All of those things tend to be providing tailwinds for an asset like Bitcoin. And we live in an environment where I think those are very real risks. So increasingly very traditional portfolio managers are looking at Bitcoin as a way to hedge out some of those risks in their portfolio. Trading at Schwab is now powered by Ameritrade. Unlocking the power of thinkorswim the award winning trading platforms loaded with features that let you dive deeper into the market. Visualize your trades in a new light on thinkorswim desktop desktop with robust charting and analysis tools all while you uncover new opportunities with up to the minute market news and insights. ThinkOrSwim is available on desktop, web and
- [14:45]
Rachel Warren
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- [14:47]
Jay Jacobs
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- [14:50]
Rachel Warren
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- [14:51]
Jay Jacobs
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- [15:04]
Jay Jacobs
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- [15:26]
Rachel Warren
share of tokenized real world assets currently reside on the Ethereum blockchain. And we're also seeing expectations that tokenization will continue to expand across asset classes. So how do you see tokenization reshaping access, liquidity and transparency for a broader range of investors?
- [15:43]
Jay Jacobs
Well, it's likely to evolve. You know, right now we largely see as tokenized cash or stablecoins and that's where the massive amount of volume is occurring today. There needs to be a market that develops around this. When you have tokenized assets, you need to have the infrastructure behind it. You have to have the market making capabilities. There needs to be sensible regulation around it. So there's a whole ecosystem that has to develop around it. But there's certainly the promise of tokenization that could allow for the 24,7 trading of assets trading around the world, instantaneous settlement, perhaps easier access to decentralized finance tools like lending through smart contracts. So there's a lot of promise through tokenization, but it's also about really having an ecosystem develop around it to support it appropriately.
- [16:31]
Rachel Warren
A couple more questions for you as we draw to the close of our discussion today. 1. The 2026 outlook really did a brilliant job of connecting the dots between compute power grids and geopolitics and how all of these themes interplay. But looking beyond that, looking ahead to the next three to five years, what are maybe one or two emerging or under the radar themes or maybe tech breakthroughs that you think maybe investors should be paying close attention to?
- [16:57]
Jay Jacobs
First of all, I would say I think there's a lot of durability to the themes we talked about today. Yes, we call it the 2026 outlook, but in reality these are things that we see multi year, if not decades long horizons behind. So we are not trying to immediately pivot away from our interest in things like artificial intelligence or geopolitics or tokenization and beyond. What I will say is I think the intersection of those themes and how they evolve in the next few years will be really interesting. One of the areas we did not talk about is the intersection of artificial intelligence and healthcare. This is one of the sectors that you could both revenue acceleration through artificial intelligence, think about developing revolutionary new drugs that could hopefully treat various different diseases or ailments. But also you could see cost cutting benefits through artificial intelligence. Could it be faster with less trial and error developing those drugs that reduce the amount of cost to bring them to market? So there's both a revenue and a cost opportunity in the healthcare space And Then we talked a little bit about it in the AI section as well. I think the shift from just digital AI to physical AI with robotics with autonomous vehicles, that's something that we think is going to become increasingly important part of the conversation with AI going forward.
- [18:07]
Rachel Warren
Well, and finally, what do you think are one or two important frameworks we should use to really filter out some of the short term market noise and write out these generational mega forces over the long run?
- [18:18]
Jay Jacobs
I think the important thing to look at is what is the state of the technology, what's the use case, what's the size of the opportunity behind that use case, and then ultimately what's the probability that it gets fulfilled. The earlier you are in a theme, potentially the more opportunity you have, but also the more risk you have that it doesn't play out. Where we are with artificial intelligence today is really in a sweet spot where it's still very early. It still hasn't seen economy wide adoption and disruption yet. But we have enough evidence to believe that this is here to stay, that this is a real technology with many different use cases that continues to improve at light speed. And when you combine those factors together, that creates the conditions for a really important theme and potentially an important allocation in people's portfolios.
- [19:02]
Rachel Warren
Fantastic. Well, I think you've given our listeners and viewers a lot to think about as we move ahead into the next decade of investment. Jay, thanks so much for joining me today.
- [19:11]
Jay Jacobs
Thanks for having me.
- [19:13]
Rachel Warren
As always. People in the program may have interests in the stocks they talk about, and the Motley fool may have formal records, recommendations for or against. So don't buy or sell stocks based solely on what you hear. All personal finance content follows Motley fool editorial standards and is not approved by advertisers. Advertisements are sponsored content and provided for informational purposes only. To see our full advertising disclosure, please check out our show notes. For the Motley Fool Hidden Gems investing team, I'm Rachel Warren. Thanks for listening. We'll see you next time.