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Hey, I'm Jeremy Schwartz and I host a show called American Criminal. And I might be biased, but I think you're gonna love it. There, I said it. Every season we explore some of the biggest, most devious history making crime stories America has ever seen. And we're not just sticking our toes in for one episode covering the basics. No, no, no, no, no. We dive deep into these cases over a number of weeks to bring you the whole story from start to finish.
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We're looking at everything from the motivations.
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Of the criminals to how the investigation unfolded and the way the media reacted. Today, your favorite show has been kind enough to allow us to dip into their feed and show you what we mean. We're bringing you a chapter from our most recent season which covers the twisted, violent lives of Henry Lee Lucas and Otis Toole, a pair of serial killers who between them confess to get ready hundreds of murders in the 1980s.
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Then they took it all back, then confessed again.
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It got to the stage where no one knew what was the truth and what was fiction. Law enforcement agencies squared off to fight about it. The media published exposes and the courts.
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Couldn'T work out what to do. It was a mess.
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But that's not the full picture. This season also looks at the murder of six year old Adam Walsh, who who was abducted from a department store in 1981. Adam's story, the way his parents and community mobilized to search for him and how the country as a whole reacted, literally changed the way America responds to missing children. But how does Adam Walsh figure into the story of Lucas and Toole? Well, you'll just have to tune in to find out. Search for American Criminal wherever you listen to podcasts or find us@americancriminal.com in the meantime, here's a bit of episode two, the Head in the Canal.
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This episode contains descriptions and details that some listeners might find disturbing. Listener discretion is advised. It's the afternoon of August 10, 1981, in Central Florida. A pair of citrus farm laborers are walking alongside a drainage canal just off the Florida Turnpike. They've been fishing and are headed home with their catch. They're talking about nothing really. The weather, the fish, people at work. When one of them falters. His steps slow and he falls silent. He points at the canal where he can see something floating on the surface. The sun's bouncing off the water, so it's hard to make out, but when he squints, he thinks it looks like a head. At first the guys laugh it off. What a strange thing to see in A canal, the head off some mannequin or kid stall. But the laughs don't last. The closer they get to the object, the clearer they can see it. This isn't a piece of plastic bobbing in the water. It's the head of a person, a child. The men aren't sure what to do, but eventually they agree that one of them will stay here while the other will go find a phone and call 911. Within the hour, investigators are on the scene, stringing up police tape and taking photographs. The men who found the head are interviewed separately about what happened. It's hard to stay focused, though. There are police divers in the water just a couple dozen feet away, retrieving the remains and searching for anything else hidden beneath the surface. Under any circumstances, this would be a hard day for anyone. Knowing that you found the remains of a child is traumatic enough, but alongside those feelings is a morbid kind of curiosity. The longer they stand there talking to investigators, the men who spotted the remains start to wonder who this child is. During a break in the interviews, one of them asked the other if it couldn't be the boy who went missing last month. Little Adam Walsh vanished from a department store in Hollywood, Florida, on July 27. That's about a hundred miles from here. It seems like everyone in the country knows about Adam and has been looking for it. No one's had any luck finding him, though. But maybe they haven't found him because he's been here in this canal where no one would ever think to look. And if this is Adam, then the search for a missing child is about to become the hunt for a killer. From Airship I'm Jeremy Schwartz and this is American criminal. In 1979, two men with extensive criminal records and plenty of prison time under their belts met outside a homeless shelter in Jacksonville, Florida. It was the beginning of an enduring friendship. We know that much. From there, though, the story gets fuzzier later. Both Henry Lee Lucas and Otis Toole would claim that what came next was a cross country murder spree. Driving across state lines, never worrying that they'd get caught. Henry and Otis killed all kinds of people in just about every way imaginable. At least that's what they said. Verifying that story is difficult because even though Henry and Adis seemed to know a lot about plenty of murders that happened around the country, finding solid evidence that linked them to those crimes was another matter. So when you get to that stage, things become a matter of trust. And when you're talking about two men like Henry and Otis who are convicted killers and known liars, how much can you really take their word for it? The problem then becomes if Henry Lee Lucas and Otis Toole didn't commit all of the murders they copped to, who did?
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This is episode two in our four part series on Henry Lee Lucas.
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An oddest the Head in the Canal it's early 1979 in the Springfield neighborhood of Jacksonville, Florida. Two years before the murder of Adam Walsh. Otis Toole leads Henry Lee Lucas through the darkening streets towards the Toole family home. Otis, now 32, sometimes picks up men at the local homeless shelter. Guys who'll trade a few bucks or a six pack for a fumble in a dark alley. But tonight's score is better. A friendly face who's happy to listen to Audis talk. Someone who actually wants to spend time with him. Audis rambles about his life to his new friend. As they walk, he tells Henry how he lives with his mother. Sarah talks about his job working as a cleaner for a local roofing company. It doesn't pay a lot, but since he doesn't pay rent, he's usually got enough for beer. Otis says that if Henry's sticking around Jacksonville, he'll put in a good word for him at work and try and get him a job. When they arrive at Otis's family home, Otis introduces Henry to his mother and stepfather and his sister's kids. Frida, who everyone calls Becky, is 12 with long dark hair, and she seems kind of shy. Frank's younger, but he doesn't catch Henry's attention like Becky does. No one else in the house that night knows him, but Henry Lee Lucas has a history of sexually abusing young girls, and Becky is just his type. After Otis brings Henry home with him that night, the two men settle into an easy friendship, just as he promised. Otis helps Henry get work at the roofing company, and although it's not a lot of money, it's enough to keep them both in booze and cigarettes and buy gas for Henry's new car. How he got it isn't clear, but whether he stole it, traded for it, or bought it, the car is the men's gateway to the freedom of the open road. So when they're not working, Henry and Otis drive around Jacksonville. Usually young Becky and Frank are with them. For the kids, it's fun to be included, and Sarah doesn't mind them getting out of the house. She's the legal guardian for her two grandchildren, but she's 60 and is more than happy to get some time to herself if she knows Everything that her son and his new friend are doing while they're out on the road, she doesn't say anything. Then again, maybe Otis lies to her about where they go when Henry gets behind the wheel. Sometimes it's harmless stuff, driving just to be on the road. On other occasions, the car's a getaway vehicle for when there's something they want but can't afford the rest of the time. Well, according to Henry and Otis, that's when things get really interesting. It's just after midnight on October 3, 1979 in Texas. 34 year old Sandra Mae dubs is on I35 not far from Austin when she feels her car start to slow down. Confused, Sandra pushes down harder on the gas, willing her Dodge Diplomat to keep going. But she knows it's no good. She can hear that the engine's completely cut out. Frustrated, Sandra pulls off to the side of the road, letting the car roll to a stop. She rests her head on the steering wheel and takes a deep breath. She's so close to the end of her trip. San Antonio is only about 80 miles away. Just last month, Sandra made a snap decision to move to Texas from her hometown of St. Louis, Missouri. She's going to stay with her aunt until she finds her own place and gets on her feet. She's already got a job interview lined up for later this week and is excited for this to be a fresh start. That's the plan at least once she figures out what's wrong with the car. The Dodge is brand new, so it doesn't make sense for it to just break down on her like this. Still, Sandra knows that sitting here in the dark won't get her to San Antonio any faster. So she pops the hood, grabs a flashlight from the glove compartment and gets out of the car. At just 4 foot 10, Sandra has to lean precariously on her high heels to see all the way into the engine. The car already broke down outside of Oklahoma City earlier in the day, but a mechanic fixed it in about two minutes. Sandra's hoping that there will be something obviously wrong and easily fixable right there for her to see. No such luck. Trying to stay calm, Sandra tucks her wavy blonde hair behind her ears and looks around. Given the hour, the interstate's pretty quiet. That's made it great for driving in the last hour or so, but now it means there are far fewer people passing by for her to flag down, and she's too far outside of town to make walking to find a payphone an option. Sandra sits back down in the driver's seat and is just thinking about locking her doors and staying put until morning when headlights flood her rearview mirror. She leans her head out the window and smiles. Someone stopping to help her. She's saved. It's October 8th, less than a week after her car broke down outside of Austin, when the body of Sandra Mae Dubs is discovered in a field in the south of the city. Her remains are badly decomposed after being left in the last of the Texas summer heat, but it doesn't take long for investigators to work out the cause of death. Sandra was sexually assaulted and then stabbed. Whoever killed her left her naked in the grass, some of her clothes and jewelry scattered around her. The one valuable Sandra's family says is missing is a $4,500 diamond and ruby ring she never takes off. It's a lead for investigators to follow in their search for the killer, but there's no sign of the ring in any pawn shops in the area. And with no foreign prints inside Sandra's abandoned car, the trail goes cold as rapidly as the weather. Unfortunately, the murder of Sandra Mae Dubs isn't the only mystery that catches the attention of Texans that month. On the evening of October 23, 1979, a customer walks into a combined book and liquor store in Austin. It's quiet, which is unusual. The owners are usually quick to offer a friendly greeting to whoever pops by. When the customer approaches the register, though, everything makes horrifying sense. Molly and Harry Schlesinger are lying and spreading pools of blood, both of them shot in the head. Miraculously, they're still alive when they're found, but both Molly and Harry die of their wounds later that night. In the aftermath, people in the community speculate about what happened in the store that night. The business had been robbed several times over the last couple of years, and Harry had been heard vowing not to give in to any criminals who showed their face when he was working. Now it seems like he stood his ground and paid the price. People who live in the semi rural area are left shaken by the slayings, especially considering that the store is on the corner of breaker Lane and I35, only around three miles away from where police found Sandra's body just a couple of weeks ago. Whether anyone makes the explicit connection between the two crimes, their close proximity in both distance and time is chilling. Either i35 is a magnet for senseless murder, or there's a particularly cunning killer or pair of killers working the interstate.
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Search for American criminal. Wherever you listen to podcasts or find us@americancriminal.com this episode may contain reenactments or dramatized details. And while in some cases we can't know exactly what happened, all our dramatizations are based on historical research. American Criminal is hosted, edited and executive produced by me, Jeremy Schwartz Audio editing by Mohamed Shazi Sound design by Matthew Phillip music by Thrum. This episode is written and researched by Joel Callan Managing Producer Emily Burke. Executive producers are Joel Callan, William Simpson and Lindsey Graham.
Podcast: MrBallen’s Medical Mysteries
Host: Wondery | Ballen Studios
Guest: Jeremy Schwartz, host of "American Criminal"
Episode Date: August 25, 2025
In this special crossover episode, MrBallen’s Medical Mysteries features a chilling chapter of "American Criminal," hosted by Jeremy Schwartz. The episode introduces listeners to a deep-dive true crime podcast that explores notorious cases in America’s criminal history, focusing this season on the infamous serial killers Henry Lee Lucas and Otis Toole, and the tragic case of Adam Walsh.
The segment played is from episode two, "The Head in the Canal," an atmospheric retelling of the discovery of a child’s body in Florida in 1981, entwining the disturbing and convoluted paths of confessed killers Lucas and Toole with the national impact of Adam Walsh’s disappearance and murder.
Jeremy Schwartz gives an overview of his podcast: a deeply investigative series exploring major American crime stories, unraveling each case over multiple episodes.
This season centers on Henry Lee Lucas and Otis Toole, whose confessions to hundreds of murders created confusion and controversy for law enforcement, the media, and the legal system.
The podcast also connects their story to the abduction and murder of Adam Walsh, a case that transformed America's approach to missing children.
The main segment retells the harrowing day citrus farm workers find a child’s head in a Florida canal on August 10, 1981. Their initial disbelief quickly gives way to horror as they realize this is no mannequin, but the remains of a young boy.
The workers contact police, and discussions at the scene suggest the remains might be those of Adam Walsh, missing since July from a Hollywood, Florida department store.
The mood is tense, somber, and reflective of the collective trauma and dread of the community.
Begins backstory of Henry Lee Lucas and Otis Toole, who met in Jacksonville in 1979 and formed a dangerous and ambiguous alliance.
Their claims of widespread murder are difficult to verify, clouded by their penchant for lying and the lack of evidence.
The podcast raises the central dilemma: if Lucas and Toole didn’t commit all the murders they confessed to, who did?
Details their early days in Jacksonville, their environment, and how they involved family—including Becky, Toole’s young niece, who would later have a disturbing involvement with Henry.
Their lives are depicted in grim detail, setting the stage for their subsequent crimes.
Tells the true story of Sandra Mae Dubs, stranded at night on a Texas interstate. After her car breaks down, she is approached by a stranger, goes missing, and is later found murdered.
The case is left with little evidence, and her precious ring—a possible clue—never surfaces.
Relays the subsequent murder of Molly and Harry Schlesinger at their shop, not far from where Sandra's body was found.
The disturbing proximity and timing of these crimes suggest a pattern or, perhaps, the presence of a serial killer pair operating along I-35.
On the confusion surrounding Lucas and Toole’s confessions [01:08]:
"It got to the stage where no one knew what was the truth and what was fiction." — Jeremy Schwartz
On the horror of discovery [02:56]:
"Knowing that you found the remains of a child is traumatic enough, but alongside those feelings is a morbid kind of curiosity." — Narration
On the impact of Adam Walsh’s case [01:24]:
"Adam's story...the way his parents and community mobilized to search for him...literally changed the way America responds to missing children." — Jeremy Schwartz
On the ambiguity of killers' confessions [08:34]:
"When you're talking about two men like Henry and Otis who are convicted killers and known liars, how much can you really take their word for it?" — Narration
Atmospheric storytelling, note on style [15:33]:
"This episode may contain reenactments or dramatized details. And while in some cases we can't know exactly what happened, all our dramatizations are based on historical research." — Jeremy Schwartz
The episode weaves immersive, cinematic storytelling with a sense of journalistic rigor, using evocative and sometimes chilling language to draw listeners into the narrative. The host’s tone is grave yet engaging, balancing disturbing details with the broader context of public impact and investigative procedure.
For more: Listeners are directed to search "American Criminal" wherever they get their podcasts or visit americancriminal.com.