The Trial

Summary

Dead Certain: The Martha Moxley Murder

Episode: The Trial

Date: December 9, 2025
Host: Andrew Goldman, NBC News Studios

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Main Theme and Purpose

This episode dives deep into the high-profile 2002 murder trial of Michael Skakel—the Kennedy cousin convicted (and later exonerated) for the 1975 murder of 15-year-old Martha Moxley in Greenwich, Connecticut. Host Andrew Goldman reconstructs the atmosphere, key players, and fragile evidence that fueled the courtroom drama, illuminating why the case captivated the nation and how the trial’s presentation shaped a controversial verdict.

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Key Discussion Points

1. The Courtroom’s Atmosphere and Players

• Chris Steele, Michael Skakel’s bodyguard during the trial, provided a rare inside perspective on the daily dynamic:
  • “I would talk to people like a real human being and engage them because it was interesting. You’re seeing people that are legends in their business.” (03:00)
  • Steele enjoyed rapport with people on both sides, but notes most in the courtroom carried tension or bitterness.
• Divisions in the courtroom:
  • The Moxley and Skakel families sat on opposite sides—tense, formal, and detached.
  • Frank Garr, lead police investigator, ostentatiously snubbed Mark Fuhrman, the controversial ex-LAPD detective turned author, furthering the tension.
  • The press gallery, led by Dominic Dunne, was more lively—a “summer camp” for seasoned reporters.
    • “I loved Dominic. I thought the world of him… Because I’d be seeing Dominic.” – Jeffrey Toobin (CNN/New Yorker) (05:25)

2. Michael Skakel’s Behavior in Court

• Michael’s demeanor was a liability—he failed to charm the jury and often antagonized prosecutors.
  • “I would walk by all the prosecutors and go, hey, hey, liar. Hey, face. Good job. I hear the Yankees need a coach.” – Michael Skakel (07:05)
• Jury perceptions:
  • “They just looked at him and saw this massive guy, when in fact he was a little kid. They didn’t like him at all because he didn’t smile.” – Steven Skakel (08:37)
• The defense never managed to reframe Michael as the adolescent he’d been at the time of the murder.

3. Anatomy of the Case: The Confessions

• The prosecution’s case was notably thin on physical evidence (“no fingerprints, no witnesses, no DNA. Nothing but circumstantial evidence”—Dominic Dunne), instead hinging on three alleged confessions:

a. John Higgins (Elan School peer)

• Recalls during a “night owl duty” that Michael, sobbing and emotional, confessed incrementally, ending with:
  • “Eventually it came to the point that he did do it. He must have done it. I did it.” (14:05)
• His credibility was attacked—he wasn’t forthcoming at first and appeared inconsistent.

b. Gregory Coleman (Elan School peer)

• Testified (via prior transcript after his fatal overdose before the trial) that Michael told him:
  • “I am going to get away with murder because I am a Kennedy.” (21:31)
  • Also relayed a salacious and logistically impossible story: Michael returning days later to Martha’s body to masturbate—a timeline debunked by facts.
• The State leveraged his un-cross-examinable status after death, despite his history as a “frequent flyer” heroin addict.

c. Jaron Ridge (Acquaintance from a party)

• At trial, Ridge contradicted herself and ultimately recanted her story.
  • “I did make up stuff, trying to appear to be knowledgeable from things I heard from Marissa and from magazines… I didn’t recall Michael confessing ‘because it didn’t happen.’ ” (30:23)

d. Other Odd Testimony

• Michael Meredith and Andy Pugh (Elan/Skakel associates): Both repeated the “masturbating in a tree” tale, but details varied wildly; Meredith’s version even unintentionally placed Tommy Skakel at the scene.

4. Shaky Defense Choices

• Defense attorney Mickey Sherman pinned blame almost entirely on Skakel tutor Ken Littleton, despite lack of evidence and Littleton’s immunity.
  • “One of the strange strategic choices that Mickey Sherman made was to point all his energy at trying to prove Littleton guilty. It just made no sense to me.” – Jeffrey Toobin (34:12)
• The defense attacked the confession witnesses’ credibility, especially Ridge, but offered little else; no focus placed on Tommy Skakel, previously a primary suspect.

5. Prosecution’s “Twist” – The Shakespeare Testimony

• Andrea “Andy” Shakespeare’s surprise testimony cast doubt on Michael’s alibi:
  • Testified she was certain Michael had not left for his cousin’s house (Sursum Corda) as he’d always claimed—potentially placing him at the scene at 10pm, during the likely window of Martha’s death.
    • “Have you ever had any doubt in your mind about the fact that Michael Skakel was home after that car left from the side driveway? No. From 1975 to today, have you been certain that Michael was home after that car left? Yes.” (39:30)
  • The defense failed to muster reassuring corroboration from the family—memories had faded, and testimony shifted over decades.

6. Closing Arguments – A Dramatic Showdown

• Sherman’s close:

  • “He didn’t do it... He wasn’t there when the crime was committed and he never confessed. That’s the whole case.” (47:00)
  • Dismissed the confession witnesses as dubious and Ridge as an embarrassment to the prosecution.

• Prosecutor Jonathan Benedict’s iconic closing:

  • Crafted “the most reasonable construction of the evidence” out of a patchwork of circumstantial threads.
  • Allowed jurors latitude—whichever narrative they liked, as long as it fell within the 9:30–5:30 window. (49:33)
  • Leveraged Michael’s own voice (from ghostwriter tapes) over crime scene images—a multimedia assault:
    • “Martha likes me. I’ll go get a kiss from Martha. I’ll be bold tonight... booze gave me courage, I guess.” – Michael Skakel, from tapes (53:45)
  • Benedict dramatically reframed Michael’s comments to sound like a tacit confession, distorting the context for emotional impact.
    • “The defendant, for the last 27 years, has been trying to put some spin magic on his meanderings on the night… he needed some kind of an explanation.” (51:12)
  • As the presentation ended, “Dorothy Moxley bellowed with pain. Steven Skakel immediately felt ill.”

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Notable Quotes & Memorable Moments

• On trial atmosphere:
  • "If the trial were a boxing match, the fighters would be about even on points. In the third round, a little winded, but with no knockout in sight." (14:00)
• On the prosecution’s multimedia climax:
  • “At that point in time, it’s really hard to say you didn’t see what you saw. Right? That’s a big difference than hearing what you heard. It’s more impactful to see what you saw.” – Chris Steele (57:29)
• On the summation:
  • “Jonathan Benedict’s summation was the best summation I ever heard in a courtroom because he did pull a lot of disparate evidence… to make a package of evidence that pointed to guilt.” – Jeffrey Toobin (56:44)

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Key Timestamps

• (03:00) – Chris Steele on his role and interactions
• (07:05) – Michael Skakel’s confrontational courtroom behavior
• (08:37) – Steven Skakel on jury perception
• (14:05) – Higgins trial testimony of the Elan confession
• (21:31) – Coleman’s testimony: “I am going to get away with murder because I am a Kennedy”
• (30:23) – Jaron Ridge admits fabricating most of her story
• (34:12) – Toobin critiques defense’s Ken Littleton focus
• (39:30) – Shakespeare’s testimony undermines Michael’s alibi
• (47:00) – Sherman’s opening of his closing argument
• (49:33) – Benedict begins his closing, gives jurors license to choose their preferred timeline
• (53:45) – Michael Skakel’s ghostwriter tapes played for the jury
• (56:44) – Toobin and others praise Benedict’s summation
• (57:29) – Chris Steele on the impact of the state’s multimedia display

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Flow & Tone

Goldman delivers the episode with a mix of wry skepticism and narrative urgency, openly critical of the state’s circumstantial strategy and the sometimes dubious defense. The memories and perspectives of courtroom participants and observers are interwoven, often with flashes of dark humor or biting observation. Quotes and transcript readings retain the original voices, whether casual or formal, and the commentary blends journalism with storytelling for immersive effect.

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Summary Takeaways

• The Skakel case was swathed in doubt; physical evidence was absent, and much turned on inconsistent confessions and failing memories.
• The prosecution’s multimedia and narrative leverage proved decisive—emotion eclipsed logic in securing a conviction.
• Michael Skakel’s own words, creatively edited and paired with graphic crime scene images, became the case’s emotional climax.
• Decades after the verdict, the question persists: was justice truly served, or was guilt simply performed and believed?

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For the next episode:
The fallout from the trial, the lifelong shadow on those accused, and new voices questioning what it means to be “dead certain.”

Transcript

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The trial of Kennedy relative Michael Skakel begins today in Connecticut with opening statements about whether or not he beat Martha moxley to death 27 years ago when both were 15 years old. When Michael Skakel's trial began in May 2002, one man had a front row seat. Name's Kristensen Steele. I go by Chris. Currently living here in Southington, Connecticut. 50 years old.

Experienced horse.

Been around the world a little bit. I talked to more than 50 people for this podcast. Chris possesses two qualities which might seem at odds. He was easily the friendliest subject I met and also the most physically imposing one. How tall? Six. About 320, 325. Maybe about offensive lineman. D Line Size Right now, size is an important attribute in Chris former line of work, though he's now an entrepreneur. For 12 years he was a personal bodyguard to the stars. His most famous client, Michael Bolton.

Yes, that Michael Bolton. He of the famously weird curly mullet, was another Connecticut resident who happened to also be golf buddies with Mickey Sherman. When Sherman landed his most high profile case ever defending Michael Skakel, the other Michael suggested using Chris as security or as I like to imagine, sang the idea to him in a high C. So Chris Steele became part of the Michael Skakel legal entourage every day for a month starting in May 2002. He showed up at Julie Skakel's house in Darien where he joined Michael, Steven and Julie Skakel plus Mickey Sherman and his two young associates. Under Chris protection, they caravanned the quick six minute ride to the Norwalk courthouse. After depositing Michael at the defense table, Chris Steele would do what he did best, make the rounds, charming all he came across. Lawyers, press, and family members on both sides of the aisle. I was the only one who had that type of latitude. Mickey would hold court, but I held conversations. Difference. Okay. So I would talk to people like a real human being and. And engage them because it was interesting. You're seeing people that are legends in their business. So for myself, why not? Yeah, I was speaking with Jon Moxley. Okay. I had a relationship with him, very respectful. We still shake hands if I saw the man. Okay, so that'll give you an idea of.

How it was in that courtroom, for Steel, at least. But Steele's cordial demeanor was hardly reflective of the overall courtroom vibe. Dorothy and Martha's brother John sat stiffly in the front row behind the State's Attorney's desk, across the aisle, right behind Michael Skakel. Four Skakel siblings squeezed onto a bench, looking morose. Their father, Rush Skakel, in failing health, didn't attend regularly, and Tommy came only once. And then there was the dourest of them all, Frank Gar.

He had an air of. When he first walks into a room or you encounter him anywhere, you sense a man who has a certain level of air about him that thinks he is a little bit above those around him. I'm being kind of. Steele probably shouldn't have taken it personally. Inspector Frank Garr was just having a bad. Well, four years, give or take. Still smarting from the State's Attorney's dalliance with his nemesis, Mark Fuhrman, he declined to sit at his assigned place among the prosecutors, but instead fumed by himself in a chair several feet away. Despite Dorothy Moxley asking him to. He refused to acknowledge Fuhrman, who, to Gar's disgust, sat in the row right behind Dorothy at her express invitation. Fuhrman had been hired to cover the trial by abc, then ditched following internal backlash, including from minority staffers. But Furman quickly rebounded, appearing on Court TV's coverage of the case. How infuriating it must have been for Garr that at lunch breaks, all the reporters with their recorders in their notebooks made a beeline for Furman, not him, to hear his thoughts. Dominic Dunn also kept his distance from Fuhrmann, opting instead to sit amongst the other ink stained members of the press. By now, his ardor for Furman had cooled considerably. Fuhrman, he felt in his umpteen media appearances, hadn't given him Dominic Dunnearly enough credit for his essential role in cracking the case and, let's face it, laundering Fuhrman's reputation. After all, it was Dunn who provided the Sutton reports to Furman, handing him the keys to the Skakel kingdom and earning him a high profile book deal. So many dirty looks flying around such a small courtroom. One section of the courtroom, however, was notably harmonious for the dozens of reporters that showed day one of Connecticut v. Skakel felt a little like the first day back at summer camp with Dunn as honorary cabin leader. Here's Jeffrey Toobin, who was there reporting for cnn. I loved Dominic. I thought the world of him. We wound up covering many trials together. Him for Vanity Fair, me for the New Yorker and cnn. And I always looked forward to those trials because I'd be seeing Dominic. Chris Steele also recalls being charmed by Dunn. I respect Mr. Dunn a lot. I was so fortunate to have private conversations about, you know, his career and this situation. And because of that, he pushed to include me in a full color picture in Vanity Fair when he wrote an article about this case. Had the courtroom voted on superlatives, Chris Steele likely would have won Mr. Congeniality. And Dominic Dunne, best dressed. One man undoubtedly would have run away with the title least Popular Michael Skakel. It's perhaps understandable why Jonathan Benedict and the other state's attorneys, like Susan Gill, might have held him in special contempt, even more so than other murder defendants they'd tried. By his own admission, Michael's behavior in the courtroom was unusual, especially for someone facing life in prison. You've already had a taste of Michael's unique personality quirks, and I can't imagine his morning greeting ritual ingratiated him to the prosecution at court. I would walk by all the prosecutors and go, hey, hey, liar. Hey, face. Good job. I hear the Yankees need a coach. And I remember Susan Gill had this ugly green dress on in these big black shoes. And I said, oh my God, Mickey, I know where I've seen those shoes. And he said, what are you talking about? And she turned around. I said, but they were red and they were under a house. But the most important cohort in the room, the one that really mattered, was the jury. And with them, Michael wasn't doing himself any favors. From his seat in the gallery, younger brother Steven Skakel, whom you met a few episodes ago, watched the jurors watch Michael. They looked at Michael as a 260, 70 pound guy. They just looked at him and saw this massive guy, when in fact he was a little kid. They didn't like him at all because he didn't Smile. There was no way to rewind time and make the jurors see Michael as an undersized teenager instead of a beefy middle aged man. Or at least no effort was made to do so for reasons we'll explore later. So the odds already felt stacked. Now it was just up to Benedict, the taciturn, trim, white haired state prosecutor, quietly reviewing his notes in his seat right next to the jury box to convince the jury that 27 years ago on that chilly October night, 15 year old Michael Skakel had taken a golf club and murdered Martha Moxley.

I'm Andrew Goldman from NBC News studios and highly replaceable productions. This is dead certain the Martha Moxley Murder.

While researching this podcast, I reached out to Connecticut's three primary state's attorneys who worked on the Skakel prosecution. Neither Jonathan Benedict nor Chris Marano responded. Susan Gill declined to participate in media appearances. Dominic Dunn described lead prosecutor Benedict as generally underwhelming and literally too low key, noting that at one point jurors had to send a note to the judge requesting that he speak more loudly even though he was sitting right next to the jury box. Dunn seemed more impressed by Sherman with his friendly patter around the courthouse and his ability to appear to like Michael, a man that Dunn obviously loathed. Here's Dunn's former assistant, Jack Donahue, or almost Dunn as I call him. There is no doubt that Mickey Sherman dominated the courtroom throughout the trial. He made you believe that he actually enjoyed being in the company of Michael Skakel, a 280 pound, florid 41 year old man with desperately unhappy eyes, shirts that are bursting at the seams, and two cheap suits that don't fit. Dunn also recognized the inherent weakness of the state's case. No fingerprints, no witnesses, no DNA. Nothing but circumstantial evidence. Benedict's right hand, Susan Gill, didn't see it that way. Or at least she didn't admit that she did. As Gill would later say, in 2016, Connecticut had substantial evidence of guilt in this case. It's always mystified me that there has been a myth that has grown up that somehow this was a weak case. It was not. The state of Connecticut had three explicit confessions. We were admitted into evidence at trial. The three explicit confessions Gilgis referenced, those were the heart of the prosecution's case. Two of those confessions came from fellow students at the Elan School where Michael spent two years. Recall that Michael landed at Elan after crashing his brother's Jeep while loaded in 1978. Skakel family lawyer Tom Sheridan got The court to agree to drop most of the charges if Michael went up to Maine to the brutal $30,000 a year institution which specialized in treating kids with major chemical dependency and behavioral problems. At Elan, Michael encountered the two men who had testified that he confessed to murder. Barring a recorded confession by Michael himself, their testimony was the next best thing. One of those witnesses was John Higgins, whom you met in the last couple episodes. He's the 39 year old auto mechanic from Lyle, Illinois, a Chicago suburb, who'd been one of Joe Ritchie's Guerrillas at Elan. Higgins had materialized after Unsolved Mysteries aired and when interviewed by Frank Garr, had this to say. That was the only word she said about her. That I killed her and.

I probably gave the guy a hug. Higgins was questioned by prosecutor Chris Marano on May 16, who asked him about performing night owl duty with Michael one night while they were at a lawn together. Night owl duty meant sitting up with one other student all night, sort of like babysitting for someone your own age. The night owls would do periodic head counts on the rest of the students to make sure no one tried to run away. But the rest of the night, they had a lot of free time on their hands. There's no audio of the trial, so we'll have actors reading from the transcripts. Here's Marano questioning Higgins.

Do you specifically recall something that Mr. Skakel spoke about with you that night? Yes. He spoke about a murder that he was somehow involved in. And did he, at any time during the time you were doing night owl duty that night, talk about any of the details of that murder? Yes, Higgins said he did. He said that he remembered that there was a party going on. It was at his house. I don't know what they were doing at the party. As far as drinking or drugs, I have no idea. But there was a party of some kind or another. And he related that he later was in his garage and he was going through some golf clubs. And he related that he was running through some woods, he had a golf club in his hands. He looked up, he saw pine trees. The next thing he remembers is that he woke up in his house. And that's the story he related to me. Marano asked Higgins if the story came out quickly. No, no, it took quite a while. Michael was sobbing and crying, and it was an extremely emotional thing. I call it bleeding out. He was just releasing emotionals. And during this conversation, did you discuss, in addition to those facts, how he might have been involved in this crime? Yeah, through a progression of statements. He said that he didn't know whether he did it, that he may have done it, he didn't know what happened. Eventually it came to the point that he did do it. He must have done it. I did it. And was anyone present during that conversation? No. On cross, Mickey Sherman attacked Higgins credibility, picking apart the details of his testimony and pointing out the fact that, as you may remember, Higgins wasn't exactly forthright with Frank Garr about Michael's supposed confession when they first spoke. At this stage, if the trial were a boxing match, the fighters would be about even on points. In the third round, a little winded, but with no knockout in sight. The next installment of the state's confession testimony came courtesy of another Elan alum named Gregory Coleman. The name Coleman might ring a bell. Michael mentioned him last episode. I haven't decided whether I'm going to have them break your neck. Higgins, Coleman. He was another of Joe Richie's prized gorillas and a participant in Michael Skakel and Kim Freehill's beatings at Elan. Here's how Coleman became a star witness in Michael's trial.

Back in 1998, as the Moxley case grand jury was being convened, the state's Attorney's office called up Rochester attorney John Regan looking for Greg Coleman. Uh oh, Regan thought, what's Greg done this time? I get sort of a checkered history and maybe there was something that they. Something he had done or was accused of doing. In Connecticut, Regan represented Jack and Mary Coleman, Greg's parents, but he also represented their son. My impressions of him were that he had a bad drug problem. The thing that concerned me the most is that he would.

Sort of defraud his father by bringing people around that he claimed were doctors who were going to prescribe something to him and that needed to be paid. And sometimes Jack would fall for these misrepresentations and write checks to Greg. To the Rochester police, Greg was what cops refer to as a frequent flyer, someone with a long rap sheet who, who was reliably in trouble. A severe heroin addict, he had a 16 year string of drug arrests and had served time in New York's notorious Attica prison for a robbery conviction.

It's not unusual to get a call from a prosecutor looking to use your client or defendant as a witness. And in general, I had no problem cooperating with something like that. But I also had no problem advising a prosecutor that I didn't think it was a good idea to use one of my clients as a witness in the most politic way. Possible. Regan told the man on the line that he'd be making a serious error in judgment if he intended to use a drug addict. The long history of deception as an important witness in a murder case. So that's basically what I told this prosecutor in 1998. I don't think you should be using Gregory and this story he tells in an effort to accuse somebody of murder. So. But I think his response to me was something along the lines of, well, don't worry about it. We have lots of evidence and we're going to get this guy.

Michael Skakel remembers Coleman testifying at the pre trial hearings and proceedings. Greg Coleman at the probable cause hearing. I noticed being somebody in recovery, I'm around a lot that are recovering heroin addicts and I noticed him nodding out on the stand.

I said, mickey, he's jonesing. Jonesing or not, the state planned to put Coleman back on the stand at Michael's trial. But that plan was not to be.

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A key prosecution witness in the murder case against Kennedy cousin Michael Skakel is dead. Police say Gregory Coleman died on Tuesday of an apparent drug overdose. Detective Frank Garr once described Gregory Coleman's addiction to heroin as the monkey on his back. And nine months before Michael Skakel's trial began, the monkey finally won. On August 6, 2001, Coleman was found sitting in a car in his driveway, a syringe nearby. He was one of seven in the Rochester area who would overdose that week on a batch of tainted heroin. The untimely death of a star witness would, at first glance, seem to be a major impediment for the prosecution's case. But, dark though it is to say, ended up being a major boon at Michael's trial, Judge Kavanowski allowed his prior testimony to be read for jurors, reading out both parts, his own as well as Coleman's, the buttoned up, clean cut prosecutor Chris Marano came off considerably better than Coleman had or would have had he survived. Plus, as luck would have it, you can't cross examine a dead man. Coleman, voiced by Marano, described how following Michael's failed attempts to run away from Elan, he was assigned to guard him overnight in their residence hall. Michael, Coleman observed, was treated differently than other returned escapees and given special privileges. Here again, an actor will play the part of Marano, reading the late Coleman's testimony.

What do you mean by special privileges, if I may.

For some reason, Mr. Skakel was allowed to have stereo equipment, records, books, and he was given special treatment. I made the comment to Mr. Skakel, Boy, this guy can get away with murder. And he said, I am going to get away with murder because I am a Kennedy.

I asked him, what are you talking about? And he went into telling me how he had made advances to this girl where he lives and that she spurned his advances and that he drove her skull in with a golf club. Question. In the course of this conversation, did he indicate to you whether or not after beating this young woman with the golf club, that he had occasion to return to her body for any purpose? Answer. He made the comment that two days later he had gone back to the body and masturbated on the body. That's what he told me.

Coleman was echoing the theory of the crime that Mark Fuhrman had set out in his book, though he included an impossible timeline. Martha was last seen alive around 9:30pm Oct. 30, and her body was discovered at noon the following day. There's no way Michael could have gone back to the body two days after killing her. In the courtroom, standing before an empty witness box, Chris Marano continued reading Coleman's testimony aloud. Question. Did he ever indicate to you why he was at Elan in the first place?

Yes, there was Trouble with drinking from what I recall. But mainly that he was up there trying to avoid all this stuff. Question, what do you mean by this stuff?

This stuff, it was going on in Connecticut.

In terms of the beating of the girl.

Yes.

The third of the state's three confessions came courtesy of a 34 year old brunette who worked at her dad's banquet facility and happened to mention to the court she lived alone in a 12,000 square foot condo in South Boston. 12,000 square feet. Donald Trump's apartment in Trump tower is just 11,000. That South Shore events business must have been crushing it. Jaron, Jaron. Jaron. What to say about self described part time model Jaron Ridge. As I've mentioned, I grew up in Maine in a high school with lots of kids with chow to thick New England accents. The Boston and Maine accents are close cousins. We're practically neighbors. Jaron was a late and unhappy addition to the state's case. Five years earlier, she testified at a gathering in the living room of her oversized condo, she briefly met Michael Skakel. He was there with a mutual friend named Marisa Varaki. Remember that name. We'll be coming back to it in a later episode. This encounter, which by Jiran's own telling lasted less than 30 minutes, seemed to have acquired a special currency. As Michael's trial date approached, Jaron had some hot insider goss about a story dominating the headlines. She confided in a friend, fashion photographer Matt Atanian, that not only had she met Michael Skakel, she'd overheard him confess to murdering Martha Moxley. Atanian, who was about to become Jaran's former friend, shared the story with a buddy on the police force. Shortly after, Otanian's phone rang a tip. Hungry detective Frank Garr was on the line and he wanted to hear everything. Atanian did his civic duty and spilled. Garr reached out to Jaron and they met in the hospitality suite of her father's banquet hall. She was freaked out. Who'd shared her story with the cops? Garr didn't say. Afterwards, Duran called Atanian and left a message on his answering machine.

It didn't go well at all. He said to me at the end, you're saying you've only been with me for schedule one. Why were three people telling you with him on three different occasions and he admitted to the murder of Martha Moxley. We're talking about a very brutal case, a very tragic case and I've worked on it for 20 years. And if it takes 20 more years, I'm going to continue working. He was so.

I was shaking. Gar, it seems, applied a lot of pressure to Jaron, goading her to say more. She wasn't alone. As Len Levitt would later write, many witnesses complained of being cajoled, harassed or threatened by Gar. I said, I'm sorry, I can't help you in any other way. I only met Michael with 30 minutes and, you know, I was in a conversation and the did come up and I said, and jokingly he mentioned, you know, the murder. I said, but I really can't help you anymore, and I'm sorry. And he said, well, I can say to you this case is not over and I'll be calling you. Bye.

Mattitanian could be forgiven for not knowing what to make of that message when he'd last heard Jiran relate the story. Michael Skakel had confessed to murder, but now it seemed she was saying he'd merely joked about it. Atanian called her back in an echo of the Mary Baker operation you heard about in an earlier episode. Gar had convinced him to tape the call. Hey, what's up? What are you doing? You a message? Yes. What you think? I don't think you should have lied. I didn't really lie. I said I. I only heard half the conversation. And I said he was drunk and that's what he said. I said, you know, he told us, you know, that he hit her with a golf club. There's no evidence that Geran said anything to Garr about Michael hitting Martha with a golf club, though the reports are admittedly sparse, and it wasn't likely he was drunk. According to Michael, he hasn't touched alcohol or drugs since October 25, 1982. You told me on your message that you told him you were in the kitchen and you didn't hear anything. No, I told him I was in and out, in and out. Jaron meant of her condo's living room during the party. And then he said, then why would three people tell me on three different occasions that you were with Michael Skagel three times? And I said, I don't know why. I said I was only with him once and it was less than 30 minutes. So what did you tell him that you actually heard? I told him that I shouldn't even tap on the phone. Well, they're not tapping your phone. Sure they're not tapping your phone. Matt told her. Of course, that wasn't exactly true. I told him that.

He had been drinking and he was talking about going through that drug rehab and that I did hit him with the golf club. He said. And that's all I said. I didn't say about masturbating in the tree or anything. What do you mean, masturbating in the tree? At this point, Jaron decided it was best to switch to using an alias rather than Michael Skakel's actual name out of an abundance of caution she'd already thrown to the wind. John Doe was watching this particular girl at her bedroom window, changing. And he was up in a tree masturbating because he liked her. He went and had sex with his brother Tommy that same night. After he found out that John Doe's brother had sex with this girl. He got so violent and he was so screwed up. He did that to her. Wow. They told you he did that? Yeah. Attanian was obviously perplexed. Jaron was now telling an even more salacious story that Attanian had never heard before. That Michael, drunk, as she would also suggest, possibly on cocaine, had come to her apartment and vomited out a confession that included the tree story, jealousy about Tommy, and the cornucopia of drugs he'd taken before murdering his friend. Your story keeps changing. Well, I'm just a nervous act. You talking about your ass, Jeron? I think you're talking about your ass.

Attainian seemed not to believe his future former friend. Jaron did. Frank Garr or Jonathan Benedict. They believed her enough to add her to the witness list. Ridge testified on May 21st of 2002. She was obviously nervous, drinking glass after a glass of water in the witness box, as if she'd come to court directly from a noonday stroll on the surface of the sun. She flailed on the stand under intensive questioning by both the prosecution and defense, retracting nearly everything she'd told both Garr and Atanian. Both sides seemed equally exasperated by her rapidly imploding testimony. At one point, Michael's attorney, Mickey Sherman, voiced here by an actor, pushed her to clean up the messy, garbled version of events. As you sit here today, you were telling the jury that you lied to Mattitanian. And when you told him that stuff, you knew it was not true. In that conversation, you made up stuff. Jaron's reply. I did make up stuff, trying to appear to be knowledgeable from things I heard from Marissa and from magazines. All of it, she explained, was done to impress Zatanian, her close friend, who, quote, always bragged about who he knew. But to be honest, Jaron said she didn't recall Michael confessing, quote, because it didn't happen, unquote.

So about that confession it didn't happen earlier. You heard State's Attorney Susan Gill refer to three explicit confessions admitted into evidence. I suspect you won't object if I now amend that number to two. But as Gill would later articulate, prosecutors weren't done throwing everything they could at Michael. We had strong evidence of motive. We had strong evidence of consciousness of guilt. Because the petitioner gave at least three very different versions of his activities that night, the state put on many more witnesses. One of them, Michael Meredith, had been at Elan five years after Michael, the Michaels, Meredith and Skakel hoped to file a class action lawsuit that would shut down Elan and Michael. Meredith spent the summer of 1987 staying at the Skakel house while they plotted. It was during that stint, Meredith claimed, that he heard the masturbating in a tree story straight from the horse's mouth. Meredith, the ne' er do well son of dandy Don Meredith, the Dallas Cowboys quarterback of the 60s turned Monday night Football color commentator, was a particularly lively witness on the stand. He seemed to relish recounting his lengthy arrest record, which included an incident in which he blew up a Ferrari using a machine gun. When questioned by Susan Gill, Meredith testified that at the end of that summer, Michael brought up the Moxley murder, but offered a variation on the October 30 tree story, one that involved a sighting Michael hadn't included when he shared the story with Sutton investigators. Here's an actor reading Meredith's testimony.

He told me that he was not involved in the murder itself, but on the evening of the murder, he had climbed a tree outside of Martha's house where he could see through her windows. And throughout that conversation, I got the feeling like it was something that he had done before because he said, I could see her when she was getting dressed or undressed or coming out of the shower, and that he had masturbated on the evening of the murder in the tree. At one point, he'd seen his brother Tommy crossing the yard towards Martha's house. And he, of course, didn't want to be seen. So after he was out of sight, he climbed down the tree and went back down to his house. That was the last time he saw Martha alive and that he had no involvement in her murder whatsoever.

This was new. Meredith was reporting that Michael told him that when he was in the tree, Martha was still alive and that Tommy was in the Moxley's yard. It wasn't immediately apparent why the prosecution would want to put on a witness who not only heard Michael denying any involvement in the Crime, but. But also placing Tommy at the crime scene right after Meredith, Michael's childhood close friend Andy Pugh, took the stand. He testified that Michael also told him the masturbation story. But unlike what Meredith had moments ago described, he recalled that Michael told him he did it not in the tree closest to the house, which would have afforded a view into the windows, but rather in the tree on the corner of the Moxley property under which Martha's body was found with no view of anything. A curious place to go to pleasure oneself. Martha's brother John had testified that the tree closest to the house, a cedar, was not even climbable. Whatever the prosecution was trying to achieve with these witnesses wasn't entirely clear. It was all a bit of a muddle. However, the defense's case was no less muddled. For whatever reason, Mickey Sherman decided to focus his third party culpability argument on only one man, Ken Littleton. Here's Jeffrey Toobin. One of the strange strategic choices that Mickey Sherman made was to point all of his energy at trying to prove Littleton guilty. It just made no sense to me. Ken had been granted prosecutorial immunity during the grand jury proceedings, which jurors knew. Why, jurors likely wondered, would the state have granted immunity to someone unless they were 100% sure he was guiltless? And because polygraphs are inadmissible in court, Sherman had little on Ken except the Mary Baker tapes, which as you'll recall from episode three proved nothing but confusing. Why the hell would you say she wouldn't die? I just had to stab her to death. That was when I was blacked out. Sherman's other main defense strategy hinged on challenging the credibility of the confession witnesses. Jurors heard almost nothing about the cops years long pursuit of Tommy Skakel as suspect. And in what I think could have been Sherman's best legal decision, he didn't put Michael on the stand in his own defense. Having known Michael as long as I have, and based on Michael's behavior in the courtroom, I can almost guarantee it wouldn't have gone well.

For jurors trying to wade through all the evidence. I can imagine it was a little bit like drinking Alphabet soup through a straw. Lots of words in every sip, but nothing remotely coherent. But the state offered one more crucial witness. And it seems that this particular witness was the one that cut through all of the confusion and handed the prosecution's drowning case a lifeline.

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Andrea Andy Shakespeare. Does that name ring a bell? It's been a while since I mentioned her. Let me bring you back to that boozy dinner at the Belhaven Club on October 30, 1975. In addition to four Skakel brothers, there was cousin Jimmy Tarrien as well as tutor Ken Littleton on his fateful first night on the job. But there were also two others at the table, 18 year old Julie Skakel, the only Skakel girl and her best friend and classmate at Convent of the sacred Heart High School. 16 year old Andy Shakespeare. Recall that after the crew left in the Love Mobile, Julie rushed Andy back home after 9:30 between commercial breaks of Ellery Queen so she could make it home to see the killer unmasked. Andy's background and pedigree were similar to the Skakels. Her father, Frank was what I'd call a vicc a very important conservative Catholic, a successful television network executive turned political operative. He was eventually appointed U.S. ambassador to the Vatican by President Reagan. Julie and Andy were super close in high school. Both name checked the other in their senior yearbook write up. Both went off to colleges in Boston. But then Julie settled back in Connecticut with a guy whose family also had a place at the Windham Ski Resort and Andy stayed in Massachusetts and married a real estate agent. As high school friends often do, Julie and Andy drifted apart. Shakespeare drove in from her home in Westford, Massachusetts, to testify at Michael's trial. On direct examination, she dropped a bombshell.

Recall that Michael had long maintained he'd accompanied his brothers and cousin Jimmy Tarrian to the Taryon family's estate, Sursum Corda. They left in the Love mobile just before 9:30, and the three Skakel brothers returned to Belhaven shortly after 11. When he sat down with Sutton investigators, Michael changed his account of what he did when he returned home, but stuck to his story of making the journey to smoke pot and watch Monty Python at his cousin's mansion. Recall that every cop who'd ever worked on the case, Frank Garr included, had memorialized in reports that Michael went to Sursum Corda. Even Mark Furman, Michael's most ardent accuser, never doubted that he made the trip. His theory was that Michael killed Martha after returning from the excursion. But under questioning by Susan Gill, Andrea Shakespeare is introduced an idea that radically altered the possibilities of how the murder might have occurred. What if Michael hadn't gone at all? Here again are actors reading from the trial transcripts, starting with prosecutor Gill. Now, at the time when you were in the house with Julie having tea, did you see members of the Skakel family going through the mudroom out to the side driveway area? Yes. And who did you see? Rush, Johnny and Jimmy Tarrien. And at some point earlier that evening, was there a Skakel car parked in that side driveway? Yes. And after that car left, you left? Correct. I left after the car left? Correct. Was Michael Skakel in the house after that car left? Yes. And have you ever had any doubt in your mind about the fact that Michael Skakel was home after that car left from the side driveway? No. From 1975 to today, have you been certain that Michael was home after that car left? Yes. On cross, Mickey Sherman tried to challenge Shakespeare's memory of events. When is the first time you told anyone that Michael Skakel was not in the car that went to the Taryen home? I don't remember. Was it in 1975? Possibly. Do you know who you told that to? I don't think I was asked that in the police station. She's right about this. The interview the cops conducted with Shakespeare in 1975 was perfunctory at best. Who went to Sursum Corda and who stayed in Belhaven was never even broached. The cops likely didn't feel the need to ask her. After all, they had a half dozen other witnesses confirming it already. According to police reports, the first time Shakespeare said anything about this to police was in 1991, when speaking to Jack Solomon and Frank Garr. We'll be discussing exactly what she said before too long. But on the stand, she was unequivocal. Michael hadn't gone. She was sure of it. Shakespeare's testimony was an unexpected twist in the state's narrative. If Michael was at the Skakel house all evening long, he would have had the opportunity to attack Martha at the exact time that investigators had always believed Martha was killed. The precise hour. Martha's closest friends and Dorothy Moxley all believe the attack occurred just before 10pm at the time, the dogs around the neighborhood were howling at the time. Michael always seemed until this moment to have an alibi. Tommy Skakel's attorney, Manny Margolis, who had himself once tried a case against Jonathan Benedict, saw Shakespeare as a point for the state. It was very damaging. Mickey Sherman did everything he could to shake her, but he couldn't shake her. Damning as this new theory might be, Michael certainly must have assumed his family's testimony would contradict it. After all, back in 1975, all the teens who had been in the Skakel driveway, John, Tommy Rush Jr. And Jimmy Tarrian, had corroborated Michael's version of events. But there was one Skakel sibling who hadn't been outside Julie and would have had no idea who went on the stand. The prosecution confronted Julie Skakel with an interview she gave Greenwich Police on November 15, 1975. During that interview, she described sitting in the car in the Skakel driveway with Andy Shakespeare and seeing someone dart through the darkness in front of them. Andy and I were getting were in the car, and.

I had forgotten the keys of the car. Andy opened up the door and someone ran through the path across the driveway. So this would actually take place in front of your house? Right. And again, you can't describe it to us other than that it was a shadow, a figure, a silhouette, something of that nature. Right. So Andrea had opened up the door, and then the figure had darted out. And, you know, because I thought it was my son, I said, michael, you know, come back here. And no one answered. And they just kept going. And I couldn't see her. Car door open. I know it's hard to hear. What Julie said was this. The figure had darted out, and I thought it was Michael. No one answered, and they just kept going. And I couldn't see very well because the car door was open. This was hardly a definitive sighting of Michael in Belhaven after the Love Mobile left. Julie told me in 2015 that calling out. For Michael, the family scamp was basically a reflex when someone was screwing around. And just as she told Detective Lunney in 1975, she said she really had no idea who the dark figure was, what size it was, or even if it was a young or old person. Still, the recording was certainly not helpful for Michael's defense. Michael's brother John wasn't much help to the Michael went to Cirso.

In 1975. John's position had been clear. It was myself, Michael, Jimmy and Rush were in the red car.

The driveway by the back door. In 1998, while testifying in the grand jury proceedings, however, John's recall of the evening had all but evaporated. Confronted with a transcript of his 1975 police interview, he was asked if it refreshed his memory. No, he said, it did not. By the time trial rolled around in 2002, his recollections seemed to have faded even further. He couldn't remember who was in the Love Mobile. He couldn't recall if an attorney came to their house after the murder, if there was press in Belhaven when his father returned from his hunting trip, or if he'd gone to the Windham ski house the weekend after the murder. As he put it a little clumsily back in 1998. I think what. I guess what I'm saying, if I had said something in a previous statement, my memory of events from 23 years ago is a lot crisper than it is right now of events at that time. In John's faltering recollection, prosecutor Benedict saw an opportunity and seized it. John's story became a blank canvas for Benedict to paint. Since John could no longer remember Michael being in the car over to Sursum Corda, in the eyes of the prosecution, clearly Michael wasn't there. Remember when I told you memory can be tricky.

Closing arguments get underway today in the murder trial of Kennedy relative Michael Skakel, NBC's chief. On June 3, 2002, all the players gathered in the courtroom. Once again, witness testimony was over, and some of the questions that hung in the air weighed heavier than the answers. The final chapter of the trial, the closing arguments, were the last chance to tip the scales, and both sides knew it. Here's how Mickey Sherman, voiced by an actor, began his close. He didn't do it. He didn't do it. He doesn't know who did it. He wasn't there when the crime was committed and he never confessed. That's the whole case. There is no great mystery here. This was the theme. Michael didn't kill Martha Moxley. Ken Littleton might have. Sherman also attacked the confession witnesses. The state's witnesses have seemed to cause more questions to be raised than answers to be found. If you heard somebody confess a murder to you, would you do something or would you do nothing? You would do something. You would tell somebody in authority, and you would do it quick. Coleman and Hagan's testimony was questionable. Mickey told the jury, but bringing in Geron Ridge was practically an insult. I think they should be apologizing to you for that. That was a shame. They knew she was going to come up here and lie, or they knew she already lied. That's not the quality of evidence you prosecute a murder case with. For an hour and a half, Sherman swatted down the particulars of the state's case. Don't make the wrong decision, he concluded, and find Michael Skakel guilty of murder. Dominic Dunn thought what he heard sounded tired. As he'd later write in Vanity Fair, Sherman's closing wasn't special. It was the same thing he'd said into every microphone he had passed in the last two years. It was lightweight. Unspecial though it might have been, it didn't sway Dunn's opinion about how the jury would likely rule. The mornings leading up to June 3, when Jonathan Benedict presented his closing, Chris Steele made his usual rounds in the courtroom. By the end, that whole courtroom, Dominic Dunn on down, anyone from Court tv, you name the names, they all were believing it was going to be not guilty. This was all unanimous. From the conversations I've had, Steele's absolutely right. At that stage, pretty much nobody, including Michael himself, thought there could possibly be a guilty verdict. Here's Manny Margolis again, followed by Jeffrey Toobin. I don't know that the observers in the courtroom ever expected that there would be a conviction. The evidence in this case was so flimsy. I remember.

I do remember thinking he was going to be acquitted. I mean, this was not an open and shut case. Even prosecutors must have been worried. The state had spent years and countless tax dollars going after Michael Skakel. The pressure for that investment to pay off was immense. Jonathan Benedict would have to come up with something tremendous. And that's exactly what he did.

On June 3, Benedict delivered his closing arguments. As soon as he began speaking, the courtroom was transfixed. As Don later wrote in Vanity Fair, when Benedict stepped over to the table in front of the jury and looked them straight in the eyes, he became a man inspired. He was like Gregory Peckin, To Kill a Mockingbird. Benedict voiced here by an actor, began by thanking the jury for their service, then got straight to the point. I'm going to present to you what I submit is the most reasonable construction of the evidence in this case. Does that mean that the evidence answers every question that could arise? Certainly not. Benedict suggested to jurors that they could choose any theory of the crime they liked, as one might select an entree option at a cafeteria, provided it was within the 9:30 to 5:30 time of death window established by the medical examiner. They could choose to believe that Michael went to Circumcorda and killed Martha upon his return after 11pm or they could decide that what Andy Shakespeare had told them was true, that Michael had never gone to Sursum Corda and thus could have killed Martha at 10. As long as everybody's time came up between 9:30 and 5:30 and you were convinced beyond a reasonable doubt that Michael Skakel murdered Martha Moxley, you must convict.

Benedict went on to repaint for jurors a picture of the gruesome scene and circumstances of Martha's death, describing how blows delivered by the golf club culminated in a vicious stabbing. Martha was dead, Benedict said in an echo of Mark Fuhrman's theory. But Michael wasn't quite finished. He administered the ultimate and sickest of humiliations. He had masturbated in the vicinity of Martha Moxley's body. Jurors, prosecutor Benedict urged, should see Michael's masturbation in the tree story told to friends and Sutton associates as part of a darker and more calculated excuse arrived upon in the 90s to explain away any new biological evidence that might be found. The defendant, for the last 27 years has been trying to put some spin magic on his meanderings on the night of October 30, 1975. And not knowing what traces may have been recovered from her body, he needed some kind of an explanation.

No DNA, of course, had been located on Martha's body or the evidence from the crime scene. Benedict had an explanation for that, too. Martha's body had been dragged across the ground, rubbing off all remnants. But the semen, or lack thereof, was just the tip of the iceberg, said Benedict. He spoke about how, unlike Ken Littleton, who consistently denied involvement, Michael Skakel blabbed about it repeatedly over the years, including, but not only to Greg Coleman and John Higgins at Elan and Jaron Ridge at a Southie loft party.

And then there was the matter of the alibi. Benedict told jurors that they should consider carefully who was vouching for him. Close relatives with an interest in him skirting justice. Yet even despite their efforts to protect Michael, Benedict argued those family members had stumbled. Brother John last week said he simply can't recall. He somehow really can't remember every everything or can't get the facts together anymore. That is absurd. Benedict then pivoted to Michael's enrollment at the Elan school. Michael, he said, was being hidden from the police by his family, who sent him to Elan as, quote, a last resort. A family's response is, what can we do to make sure this doesn't happen again? That's what they decided that they had to do with a killer living under their roof. Prosecutor Benedict's performance thus far had been brilliant. But if jurors weren't quite convinced yet, what he did next was perfectly designed to push them over the edge. He turned on a machine that projected a multimedia presentation prepared for the state at a cost of more than $55,000 by a Massachusetts company called Wynn Interactive. Watching it today, the presentation seems pretty cheesy, to be honest. A glorified PowerPoint slideshow with some audio layered underneath. But back in 2002, it was a cutting edge technological marvel. As juror sat spellbound, color photos of Martha flashed across the screen. And Michael Skakel's voice, captured on the audio tapes he'd recorded with a ghostwriter several years earlier, flooded the courtroom.

When we got home, and all the lights, most of the lights were out, walking around the house, nobody was on the porch. Went upstairs. My sister's room was. Her door was closed. And I remember that Andrea had gone home. So fuck this. Martha likes me. I'll go get a kiss from Martha. I'll be bold tonight. You know, booze gave me courage, I guess. Jurors had heard a portion of the tapes earlier in the proceedings, but this time, as they played, prosecutor Jonathan Benedict inserted his own sharp commentary. Michael, Benedict asserted, went outside, murdered Martha in cold blood, masturbated on or near her body, then slept soundly until being roused. The next morning, I Woke up to Mrs. Moxley saying, Michael, have you seen Martha here? A photo of Martha at school, beaming, holding her books to her chest, flashed on the screen as Benedict offered his finale. What sounded like a confession in Michael Skakel's own voice. I was like, still high from the night before, a little drunk from the. I was like, what? I was like, oh, my God, had they seen you last night? What the jury might not have picked up on was that here, in a maneuver well known to reality TV producers, producers Benedict had made a Misleading audio edit of Michael's words. In the original tape, Michael had expressed fear that he'd been observed masturbating by Dorothy Moxley, not murdering her daughter.

And I remember just having a feeling of panic. Oh, you know, like my worry of what I went to bed with. Like, maybe. I don't know. You know what I mean? I just had. I had a feeling of panic. As the audio played, a shocking image appeared on the screen. It was Martha, face down, buttocks exposed, just as her friend Sheila McGuire found her under the tree. Dorothy Moxley bellowed with pain. Steven Skakel immediately felt ill. They had taken Michael's words completely out of context, made it seem like he was admitting to the crime, and then overlaying crime scene footage. I mean, very graphic crime scene footage. While the courtroom took in this horrible sight, Benedict delivered his final blow. How could the sight of Dorothy Moxley possibly produce the feeling of panic in an innocent person? Only a person who experienced that poor girl lying under the tree, not in his dreams, but firsthand, would have a cause to panic. On awakening that morning, the evidence was clear. Benedict concluded Michael had murdered Martha beyond any reasonable doubt.

Had Benedict been holding a mic, he might have dropped it. Here's Jeffrey Toobin. Jonathan Benedict's summation was the best summation I ever heard in a courtroom because he did pull a lot of disparate evidence, including the timeline, opportunity, motive, and disputed but apparent confessions, to make a package of evidence that pointed to guilt. Michael's bodyguard, Chris Steele, concurred. It was brilliant. And at the end of the story, using Michael's words, edited and shaped for the story, they showed exactly what they wanted. And at that point in time, it's really hard to say you didn't see what you saw. Right?

That's a big difference than hearing what you heard. It's more impactful to see what you saw. What the jury was seeing and hearing was terrible news for Michael Skakel. Even his own attorney knew this. We are back live in Norwalk, Connecticut. The case has wrapped up in the trial of Michael Skakel, the Kennedy nephew. Both prosecution and defense presented closing arguments. Now we're joined by Mickey Sherman, the attorney for Michael Skakel. Now, Mickey, I have said on this program again and again that I thought this jury was going to come back with a not guilty verdict. But I have to tell you, after listening to Jonathan Benedict's argument today, it sure does sound like Michael Skakel had had some information that he wouldn't have had if he wasn't there. Gotta tell you, John rose to the occasion today. I've always said he's a damn good lawyer, and I think he proved that today. Are you less confident today than you were yesterday? No, but I'm a hell of a lot more nauseous.

Next time on Dead Certain the Martha Moxley Murder. All those times that we were talking and drinking, he never once mentioned that he heard a confession. His his life has been hell for 27 years. It's clear that the consciousness of guilt followed him wherever he went. Michael would never admit it. He would cry. And I always thought, why is he crying? What is the struggle here?

From NBC News studios and highly replaceable productions, Dead Certain the Martha Moxley Murder is written, reported, executive produced and hosted by me. Andrew Goldman. Alexa Danner is executive producer and and head of audio at NBC News Studios. Megan Shields is our senior producer. Rob Heath is our producer. Nora Patel is our story editor. Fact checking by Simone Buteau Production assistance by Brendan Wiesel Sound design by Rick Kwan, Mark Yoshizumi and Bob Mallory. Original music by John Estes. Amanda Moore is our production manager and Marissa Reilly is the director of production. Liz Cole is president of NBC News Studios.

Thanks for listening. New episodes of Dead Certain the Martha Moxley Murder Drop Tuesdays through January 20th. Did you know? 39% of teen drivers admit to texting while driving. Even scarier, those who text are more likely to speed and run red lights. Shockingly, 94% know it's dangerous, but do it anyway. As a parent, you can't always be in the car, but you can stay connected to their safety with Greenlight Infinity's driving reports. Monitor their driving habits, see if they're using their phone, speeding and more. These reports provide real data for meaningful conversations about safety. Plus, with weekly updates, you can track their progress over time. Help keep your teens safe. Sign up for Greenlight [e-mail] podcast.