Have you ever thought about why some feelings might be described as gut-wrenching? Or why do the first feelings of love make you feel butterflies in the stomach? It's time to explore how your gut and your brain are connected!

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Citations and relevant papers are below!
Enteric nervous system. qbi.uq.edu.au. Published October 15, 2018. Accessed May 22, 2023. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/peripheral-nervous-system/enteric-nervous-system#:~:text=The%20enteric%20nervous%20system%20neurons

Cleveland Clinic. Cranial Nerves: Function, Anatomy and Location. Cleveland Clinic. Published October 27, 2021. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21998-cranial-nerves

Mayer EA. Gut feelings: the emerging biology of gut–brain communication. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 2011;12(8):453-466. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn3071

Carabotti M, Scirocco A, Maselli MA, Severi C. The gut-brain axis: interactions between enteric microbiota, central and enteric nervous systems. Annals of gastroenterology. 2015;28(2):203-209.

Oligschlaeger Y, Yadati T, Houben T, Condello Oliván CM, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Stressed “Gut/Feeling.” Cells. 2019;8(7):659. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8070659

Vancamelbeke M, Vermeire S. The intestinal barrier: a fundamental role in health and disease. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2017;11(9):821-834. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17474124.2017.1343143

Clapp M, Aurora N, Herrera L, Bhatia M, Wilen E, Wakefield S. Gut microbiota’s effect on mental health: the gut-brain axis. Clinics and Practice. 2017;7(4). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5641835/

‌Zoppi S, Madrigal JLM, Pérez-Nievas BG, et al. Endogenous cannabinoid system regulates intestinal barrier function in vivo through cannabinoid type 1 receptor activation. Am J Physiol Gastr L 2012;302:565.

Radjabzadeh D, Bosch JA, Uitterlinden AG, et al. Gut microbiome-wide association study of depressive symptoms. Nature Communications. 2022;13(1):7128. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34502-3

Wapner J. The link between our food, gut microbiome and depression. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2023/01/31/gut-microbiome-anxiety-depression/. Published January 31, 2023.

Fond G, Loundou A, Hamdani N, et al. Anxiety and depression comorbidities in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience. 2014;264(8):651-660. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-014-0502-z

What’s the Difference Between Probiotics and Prebiotics? www.sclhealth.org. https://www.sclhealth.org/blog/2019/07/difference-between-probiotics-and-prebiotics/

Liu RT, Walsh RFL, Sheehan AE. Prebiotics and probiotics for depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2019;102:13-23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.03.023

Doll JP

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Episode 30: The Connection Between your Gut and the Brain