Section 2801 of the

Internal Revenue Code does not only apply to direct gifts or inheritances—it also captures indirect transfers through powers of appointment. This significantly expands the reach of the regime.

⚖️ 1️⃣ What Is a Power of Appointment?

A power of appointment allows an individual to:

• Decide who will receive certain assets

• Control distribution without owning the assets directly

A general power of appointment is particularly broad—it can allow the holder to:

• Appoint assets to themselves, their estate, or their creditors

🔁 2️⃣ When Does §2801 Apply?

If a covered expatriate:

• Exercises

• Releases

• Or allows to lapse

a general power of appointment in favor of a U.S. person:

👉 It is treated as a covered transfer under §2801

⏳ 3️⃣ Timing Does Not Matter

A critical point:

• The rule applies regardless of when the power was originally granted

👉 Even if the power was created:

• Before expatriation

• Or many years earlier

It can still trigger §2801 when exercised or released.

🔄 4️⃣ Lapse = Partial Release

Under

Internal Revenue Code §2041 and

Internal Revenue Code §2514:

• The lapse of a power may be treated as a partial release

👉 This means:

• Even inaction (letting a power expire) can trigger tax consequences

🎁 5️⃣ Granting a New Power

The rules go even further:

• The grant of a new power of appointment may itself be treated as a covered gift

👉 This expands §2801 beyond traditional transfers to:

• Future control rights

• Estate planning mechanisms

🧠 6️⃣ Why This Is Significant

These rules:

• Capture indirect wealth transfers

• Extend §2801 beyond simple gifts and bequests

• Require monitoring of:

Trust provisions
Appointment powers
Estate planning documents

⚠️ 7️⃣ Practical Risks

Without careful planning:

• Unexpected §2801 tax may arise

• Transfers may occur without cash liquidity to pay tax

• Historical estate structures may trigger new tax exposure

🎯 Key Takeaway

Under §2801:

• Powers of appointment can trigger covered transfer treatment

• Exercise, release, or lapse may all create tax consequences

• Even granting a power may be taxable

In practice:

Control over assets can be taxed just like ownership—making powers of appointment a critical risk area in cross-border estate planning.

Powers of Appointment Under Section 2801