Ologies with Alie Ward: Araneology (Spiders) with Dr. Marshall Hedin

Episode Information:

• Title: Araneology (Spiders) with Dr. Marshall Hedin
• Host: Alie Ward
• Guest: Dr. Marshall Hedin, Professor and Arachnologist at San Diego State University
• Release Date: May 14, 2025

Introduction to Araneology and Dr. Marshall Hedin

In this enlightening episode of Ologies with Alie Ward, host Alie Ward delves deep into the fascinating world of spiders with guest Dr. Marshall Hedin, a passionate arachnologist based at San Diego State University. Alie begins by addressing common fears, aiming to transform listeners' apprehension into appreciation through knowledge and proximity.

Alie Ward [06:00]: "Many psychologists assert that the best cure for phobias is exposure response prevention. Listen, if you're afraid of spiders, this episode will make you stronger."

The Diversity and Danger of Spiders

Dr. Hedin shares astonishing statistics about the vast diversity of spiders, highlighting that while there are approximately 38,000 known species worldwide, only about 100 possess venom harmful to humans—a mere 0.0025%.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [15:34]: "Human beings are probably much more dangerous to other people. There are over 200 million mosquito-borne cases of malaria annually, but spiders are not among the top killers."

He debunks prevalent myths, such as the misconception surrounding "daddy longlegs"—clarifying that many common references are either harmless spiders or entirely different arachnids like Opiliones, which lack venom glands.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [10:08]: "Opiliones don't have venomous glands or silk. The idea that they're dangerous is total horse bucky garbage talk."

Overcoming Arachnophobia

Alie emphasizes that fear of spiders is often a learned behavior, influenced by cultural portrayals and parental reactions. Dr. Hedin concurs, noting that exposure and education are key to overcoming such fears.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [19:25]: "Exposure therapy is the way to go. Look at photos first, then see if you can hold one. Rewire your brain to learn they aren't a threat."

Spider Anatomy and Evolution

The conversation transitions to the intricate anatomy of spiders. Dr. Hedin explains the difference between araneomorphs (true spiders) and mygalomorphs, detailing their distinct fang orientations and respiratory systems.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [24:02]: "Spider evolutionary history is really old compared to mammals or birds. They're akin to all vertebrates combined in terms of evolutionary depth."

He introduces the concept of "living fossils" like Hypokylus, a genus that has remained morphologically unchanged for millions of years, showcasing the evolutionary persistence of certain spider species.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [26:05]: "Hypokylus has been around since before dinosaurs. They're spectacular spiders with morphological stasis."

Behavioral Ecology and Hunting Methods

Dr. Hedin illuminates the diverse hunting strategies employed by spiders. From the intricate webs of orb-weavers to the specialized bolas-spinning techniques of certain species, spiders exhibit remarkable adaptability.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [44:05]: "The bolas spider emits chemicals that mimic moth pheromones, attracting prey with a sticky lasso. It's like a moth rodeo."

He also discusses the longevity of certain spiders, such as trapdoor spiders that can live up to 45 years in the wild, and the extreme sexual dimorphism observed in species like the black widow, where females are significantly larger than males.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [38:03]: "Female trapdoor spiders can live for 45 years. Their sedentary lifestyle and intermittent fasting contribute to their longevity."

Conservation and Endangered Species

Highlighting the environmental challenges facing spiders, Dr. Hedin speaks about habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species threatening various spider populations. He underscores the importance of fieldwork in discovering and conserving rare spider species.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [74:02]: "Climate change and habitat loss are pushing some spider species to the brink. Conservation efforts are crucial to protect these ancient lineages."

Listener Questions: Demystifying Spider Myths and Facts

The episode transitions to a lively Q&A segment where Dr. Hedin addresses numerous listener inquiries:

• Swallowing Spiders in Sleep [86:38]:

  Dr. Marshall Hedin: "The myth that humans swallow spiders in their sleep is entirely false. It originated from a fabricated story and has been debunked repeatedly."

• Spider Communication and Personalities [77:24]:

  Dr. Marshall Hedin: "Spiders communicate using vision, vibrations, and chemicals. There's evidence suggesting they have distinct personalities, especially in social species like the Indian cooperative spider."

• Spiders’ Role in Ecosystems [93:16]:

  Dr. Marshall Hedin: "Spiders are vital for natural insect control. They help maintain ecological balance by preying on various pest species."

• Pet Spiders and Conservation [76:19]:

  Dr. Marshall Hedin: "While some spiders like jumping spiders can make fascinating pets due to their personalities, it's essential to ensure they are bred in captivity to avoid impacting wild populations."

Cultural Representation and Media Portrayal

Discussion also touches upon spiders in media, referencing books like Charlotte's Web and animated characters like Lucas the Spider, which help shift public perception from fear to appreciation.

Listener Anonymous [81:22]: "Charlotte's Web portrays spiders as complex and intelligent, fostering a more positive image."

Final Thoughts and Advocacy

Dr. Hedin concludes by advocating for greater spider integration into our cultural consciousness, emphasizing that understanding and respecting these creatures can lead to a more harmonious coexistence.

Dr. Marshall Hedin [97:17]: "Ask spider people. They are vivid, colorful, and play a crucial role in ecosystems by controlling insect populations."

Conclusion

This episode of Ologies serves as a comprehensive guide to understanding spiders, dispelling myths, and appreciating their ecological significance. Dr. Marshall Hedin's expertise and enthusiasm provide listeners with valuable insights, encouraging a shift from fear to fascination with these remarkable arachnids.

Notable Quotes:

• Dr. Marshall Hedin [15:34]: "Human beings are probably much more dangerous to other people. There are over 200 million mosquito-borne cases of malaria annually, but spiders are not among the top killers."

• Dr. Marshall Hedin [26:05]: "Hypokylus has been around since before dinosaurs. They're spectacular spiders with morphological stasis."

• Dr. Marshall Hedin [44:05]: "The bolas spider emits chemicals that mimic moth pheromones, attracting prey with a sticky lasso. It's like a moth rodeo."

• Dr. Marshall Hedin [97:17]: "Ask spider people. They are vivid, colorful, and play a crucial role in ecosystems by controlling insect populations."

Resources:

• Learn more about Dr. Marshall Hedin and his work: [Show Notes Link]
• Support the San Diego State University Biodiversity Museum: [Donation Link]
• Follow Ologies on Bluesky and Instagram
• Merchandise: ologiemerch.com
• Submit Your Questions: patreon.com/ologies

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