Eco-Odorology: The Science of Sniffing with Dogs Ologies with Alie Ward | Episode: Eco-Odorology (Science-Sniffing Dogs) with Kayla Fratt | Released on January 22, 2025

Introduction to Eco-Odorology and Kayla Fratt

In this enlightening episode of Ologies with Alie Ward, host Alie Ward delves into the fascinating world of eco-odorology with guest Kayla Fratt. As a second-year PhD student at Oregon State University and the founder of the nonprofit organization Canine Conservationists, Kayla introduces listeners to the innovative field where science and conservation intertwine with the exceptional olfactory abilities of dogs.

Understanding Eco-Odorology

Eco-odorology, a term coined by Kayla Fratt, explores how dogs can detect various environmental elements that are crucial for conservation efforts. This includes identifying small plants, molds, invasive species, bat and bird fatalities at wind farms, and even tracking carnivore populations like cheetahs in Kenya and bobcats in the foothills. Kayla explains, “[We are] nose blind as far as, like, mammals go compared to dogs,” highlighting the unparalleled sense of smell that dogs possess (08:46).

Kayla's Research and Projects

Kayla's research primarily focuses on studying wolves in the Alexander Archipelago of southeast Alaska. Utilizing detection dogs, her team collects scat samples to analyze wolf population dynamics, diet, and behavioral characteristics. She shares, “We take those scat samples back to the lab, and then we do a process called DNA meta barcoding... to figure out what is in that fecal sample” (05:59). This method allows for non-invasive monitoring of elusive wolf populations across the archipelago’s numerous islands.

Training Detection Dogs: Techniques and Challenges

Training dogs for eco-odorology is a meticulous process. Kayla emphasizes the importance of varied scent exposure to ensure dogs can recognize target odors despite differences in diet, stress levels, or environmental factors. She notes, “We give the dogs enough samples that they know they're not just looking for a lactating female brown bear who's eating salmon and is on antibiotics” (09:38). Training also involves teaching dogs to perform a specific response, such as lying down with the specimen between their paws, which signals a successful detection.

Dogs vs. Machines in Detection

A significant portion of the discussion revolves around the effectiveness of dogs compared to technological devices. Kayla argues that while advancements in machine learning and olfactometers are promising, dogs remain superior in terms of efficiency, portability, and adaptability in rugged terrains. She states, “Dogs are a lot more efficient at searching an area... And they're just a little bit hardier than like most machines are” (13:53). The human-dog bond further enhances their performance, making them invaluable partners in fieldwork.

Fieldwork Experiences and Wildlife Encounters

Kayla shares captivating anecdotes from her fieldwork, including encounters with elusive animals like bobcats and jaguars. One memorable moment was when her dog, Niffler, successfully identified a jaguar scat in the dense Guatemalan rainforest, showcasing the practical applications of eco-odorology in tracking and studying predator populations. “It was totally magical... like, oh, shivers” (44:04).

Choosing the Right Dog: Rescue vs. Purpose-Bred

The episode also explores the selection process for conservation dogs. Kayla discusses the preference for rescue dogs within her organization, noting that older dogs are often ready to train and adapt more quickly than puppies. She explains, “Within Canine Conservationists, four of our five dogs are rescues... because their older and they're ready to train” (15:26). This approach contrasts with sectors like law enforcement, where purpose-bred dogs from specific breeds like German Shepherds or Belgian Malinois are more common due to their specific skill sets.

Listener Questions: Training and Career Paths

Kayla addresses numerous listener questions, offering insights into training techniques and career opportunities in eco-odorology:

• Training Your Own Dog: Kayla confirms that it is possible to train pet dogs for conservation work, albeit with significant commitment and specialized training. She recommends starting with canine nosework classes and supplementing with online courses on conservation dog handling (56:26).

• Other Detection Animals: While dogs are the primary agents in eco-odorology, Kayla mentions that animals like Gambian pouched rats are also used for tasks such as tuberculosis and landmine detection. However, she notes the limitations of other animals, like cats, due to issues with motivation and focus (39:17).

• Career Longevity and Retirement: Conservation dogs typically work until around 14 years of age, depending on their health and abilities. Upon retirement, dogs usually stay with their handlers or are placed in safe homes if they outlive their working years (61:24).

Challenges in the Field

Despite the rewarding nature of her work, Kayla candidly discusses the challenges she faces, including the emotional toll of canine mortality and the demanding nature of maintaining and training dogs. She shares, “It's hard to maintain these dogs... I wish I could catch a break as far as like, the dog care” (65:19).

The Bond Between Handler and Dog

A recurring theme is the profound bond between conservation handlers and their dogs. Kayla emphasizes how dogs provide emotional support, companionship, and enhance the safety and effectiveness of fieldwork. “Having this domestic animal that I do get to sleep in my bed... and having that emotional bond, it genuinely is so nice” (20:34).

Conclusion and Further Resources

Kayla Fratt's work in eco-odorology demonstrates the incredible potential of dogs in advancing conservation science. Her dedication to training, research, and the welfare of her canine partners underscores the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in solving environmental challenges.

For listeners interested in learning more or supporting her work, Kayla recommends visiting canineconservationists.org and following their social media handles at @k9conservationists. Additionally, the podcast offers access to online courses and resources for aspiring conservation dog handlers.

Notable Quotes

• “We are like, you know, the salamanders that can kind of sense light and dark but can't actually see. That is like the difference in degree between our olfaction and their olfaction.” (08:46)
• “Dogs are a lot more efficient at searching an area... And they're just a little bit hardier than like most machines are.” (13:53)
• “Having this domestic animal that I do get to sleep in my bed... and having that emotional bond, it genuinely is so nice.” (20:34)
• “It's hard to maintain these dogs... I wish I could catch a break as far as like, the dog care.” (65:19)

Resources and Links

• Canine Conservationists: canineconservationists.org
• Follow on Social Media: @k9conservationists
• Related Episodes:
  • Mammalogy with Dr. Danielle N. Lee on pouched rats
  • Cryptozoology and Cervidology episodes for more on wildlife detection

Support and Participate

Listeners are encouraged to support the work of conservation dog teams by donating or participating through Canine Conservationists. Engaging with the community via their podcast and social platforms also helps raise awareness and advance conservation efforts globally.

Thank you for tuning into this episode of Ologies with Alie Ward. Stay curious and keep exploring the myriad ways science intersects with the natural world!