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On this edition of Parallax Views, J.G. Michael is joined by philosopher Christian Miller to discuss his book The Honesty Crisis: How to Make Sense of a World Where Everyone Lies. Miller examines one of the most important moral challenges facing contemporary society: the growing pressure placed on honesty by new technologies, changing social environments, and institutional incentives that increasingly make deception easier and more rewarding.

Drawing from moral philosophy, virtue ethics, and psychological research, Miller argues that honesty is far more complex than simply "not lying." An honest person does not intentionally distort reality as they understand it, meaning dishonesty encompasses not only falsehoods but also misleading behavior, cheating, stealing, hypocrisy, self-deception, and other ways of manipulating how reality is represented. Miller also explores the important distinction between being wrong and being dishonest, arguing that someone can sincerely believe something false while still communicating honestly.

At the heart of The Honesty Crisis is Miller's argument that society is facing multiple honesty crises when two conditions emerge: dishonest behavior becomes easier to get away with, and dishonesty becomes more attractive or rewarding. Rather than arguing that people have simply become morally worse, Miller examines how technological and cultural changes have altered the incentives surrounding honesty.

In this conversation, Miller discusses how online environments have transformed opportunities for deception in relationships and education, and how social media has created new challenges around misinformation and political polarization. He also explores why false beliefs are not necessarily dishonest beliefs, the role of "truth-default" assumptions in human communication, and why accuracy prompts and other interventions may help reduce the spread of misinformation.

The discussion also explores celebrity culture, authenticity, and the pressures created by maintaining a carefully managed public image. Miller examines honesty challenges within religious institutions, including sermon plagiarism, online misconduct, celebrity pastors, and the ways institutional pressures can encourage concealment and self-deception.

Ultimately, The Honesty Crisis is a defense of honesty as a foundational human virtue. Miller argues that honesty creates the trust necessary for relationships, communities, institutions, and democratic societies to function. In an era of AI-generated content, misinformation, and rapidly changing social incentives, Miller asks what happens when the assumptions that allow us to trust one another become increasingly fragile; and what can be done to preserve honesty as one of the virtues on which society depends.

Christian Miller is a professor of philosophy at Wake Forest University and the author of numerous works on moral psychology and virtue ethics. His research explores the nature of character, moral motivation, and how people actually behave compared with how they understand themselves morally.