What if you could tell whether a rock exists on a planet 50 light-years away — without ever leaving Earth? This week Chris and Jesse welcome back friend-of-the-show Dr. Jackie Faherty (American Museum of Natural History) for her fourth appearance to talk about one of the wildest results in exoplanet science yet.

The crew digs into a new Nature Astronomy paper on a rocky planet about 30% larger than Earth, orbiting a tiny star, whipping around fast with a scorching ~1,000 Kelvin surface and — surprisingly — no atmosphere. With no gas in the way, the James Webb Space Telescope was able to read the light coming off the planet itself and start distinguishing what the surface might be made of, right down to the debate geologists love: mafic vs. ultramafic, basalt vs. granite.

Along the way, Jackie explains what makes JWST so special, why it sees in infrared, and how astronomers actually assign those famous colors to the images (spoiler: it's not random). They get into brown dwarfs and why she thinks one may be hiding in our own galactic neighborhood, the coming firehose of data from Rubin and NASA's Roman telescope, and why Jesse has to eat his old postdoc-era complaints that Webb was a waste of money.

It's a mind-bending conversation about living in what feels like a science-fiction era — where a planet's light tells us its secrets.

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