As America marks its 250th anniversary, one question looms large: What made the United States an energy superpower — and what will determine whether it stays one?

This week, Political Climate welcomes Pulitzer Prize-winning author and S&P Global Vice Chairman Daniel Yergin for a sweeping conversation across two and a half centuries of American energy history.

From the birth of the oil industry and the rise of the automobile to the shale revolution, AI-driven electricity demand, and the race for critical minerals, Yergin connects the turning points that shaped the modern economy — and the ones unfolding right now.

The conversation also explores why the current Strait of Hormuz crisis has been less disruptive than many feared, how the shale boom transformed America’s geopolitical position, and why innovation has consistently been the country’s greatest competitive advantage.

Along the way, the team digs into:

4:28 - 250 years of energy: key inflection points
7:41 - Regulation and markets: the shale revolution, peak oil, and climate action
13:52 - America becomes a net gas exporter
18:50 - The biggest misses in energy markets today
23:02 - Crisis in the Persian Gulf
24:16 - Challenges with the energy transition
27:44 - America's innovative mindset
30:19 - AI, affordability, and the coming electricity boom
37:45 - Copper, critical minerals, and the new supply chain race
41:17 - How to win on personnel and policy
46:40 - Middle East conflict: a 1970s redux?

If the last 250 years were defined by fossil fuels, energy security, and entrepreneurship, what will define the next 250?

Political Climate is presented by ClearPath, one of the most influential organizations working to advance American energy innovation while reducing global emissions.

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Political Climate is hosted by Julia Pyper, Neil Chatterjee, and Brandon Hurlbut. This episode was produced by Bruno Falcon.